https://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632en-USTelligent Community 12https://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:17:45 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:7c9209bb-0bf2-47ee-a5c5-41672f21550bpchanhttps://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632#commentsCurrent Revision posted to Documents by pchan on 12/7/2023 3:17:45 PM<br /> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Mark had the opportunity to work on a vintage pinball machine from 1972. This machine, belonging to a friend, required some repairs, and Mark willingly took on the challenge. Before delving into the repairs, he provided a glimpse into the unique characteristics of vintage pinball machines. Lacking transistors, these machines rely on coils, relays, and two motors&mdash;one for moving a target left to right and another for driving a pulse wheel.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bd5ps0"><span>Watch the Video:</span></h2> <p><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHQ-oRa3zWk">www.youtube.com/watch</a></span><b><span data-contrast="auto"></span></b></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bdmqc1"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Discovering Defects</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Unveiling the intricate mechanism, Mark encountered a few defects: the score counter for player two wasn&#39;t resetting, the machine produced excessive mechanical noise during initialization, and the right flipper exhibited constant overpowering, causing the coils to heat up. With over 100 relays and numerous contacts, pinpointing the issue initially seemed daunting. Fortunately, the pinball machine came with a schematic, allowing Mark to identify and repair three broken relay contacts.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-03-81/IMG_5F00_0161.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2be03d2"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Innovative Sound Upgrade</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">While contemplating these repairs, the idea of upgrading the pinball machine struck Mark. After a swift repair job that felt almost disproportionate to the effort invested, he discussed the possibility of an upgrade with the friend, keeping the specifics a surprise. The concept involved integrating sound, triggered by the ball hitting various targets and switches during gameplay. To tap into these signals without interference from the pinball&#39;s electrical chaos, Mark devised a special trigger board equipped with optocouplers and an optical transceiver.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-03-81/IMG_5F00_0025.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bea133"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Challenges and Solutions</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Implementing the trigger board, Mark faced challenges, particularly with the optocouplers&#39; rapid response creating unwanted signal fluctuations. Various attempts, including adding capacitors to stabilize the input signals, proved insufficient. As time pressed on, he opted for a pragmatic solution&mdash;adding more relays to physically separate the pinball signals from the microcontroller. This extra board successfully circumvented interference issues and provided a crucial reminder: real-world implementation often differs from simulations.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-03-81/IMG_5F00_0153.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2beka94"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Audio Innovation and Conclusion</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">To enhance the gaming experience, Mark explored different methods of playing audio files using embedded systems. Options like Arduino with an SD card proved inadequate due to poor sound quality, while an Arduino Uno with an MP3 shield had undesirable latency. A one-size-fits-all MP3 trigger board shared similar latency concerns. Opting for an ESP32 with an external DAC and SD card provided acceptable latency and superior sound quality. This choice, influenced by previous successful projects, encapsulates the adaptability required for vintage technology. In the end, the pinball machine received not just repairs but a modern audio twist, showcasing the delicate balance between preserving nostalgia and embracing contemporary innovation.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-03-81/IMG_5F00_0157.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cmnq89">Downloads and Links:</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/challenges-projects/element14-presents/m/files/148613" data-e14adj="t">Download Code,&nbsp; CAD Files and Schematics</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2ch2ec7">Bill of Material:</h2> <table class="e14-product-bom-main"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Product Name</th> <th>Quantity</th> <th><a id="e14-product-link-4c45c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,94668190,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4&nsku=78Y68140,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K55890,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_BUY_KIT" class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4c45c'));" data-farnell="2524323~10,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,9466819~10,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4" data-newark="78Y6814~10,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K5589~10,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Kit</a> </th> </tr> <tr> <td>TOSHIBA Optocoupler, Digital Output, 1 Channel, 5 kV, 15 Mbaud, DIP, 8 Pins, TLP296</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-143b8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230&nsku=78Y68140&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('143b8'));" data-farnell="2524323~10" data-newark="78Y6814~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MONACOR Audio Exciter / Resonator, 20W RMS 4Ohm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-14d26" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3401517&nsku=78AK5534 ( replacement)&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('14d26'));" data-farnell="3401517" data-newark="78AK5534 ( replacement)" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISATON Speaker, Full Range, 5 &quot;, White, 60 W, 4 ohm, 70 Hz to 16000 Hz</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-c29a3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1683889&nsku=67T1636&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c29a3'));" data-farnell="1683889" data-newark="67T1636" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>ONSEMI Small Signal Diode, Single, 100 V, 200 mA, 1 V, 4 ns, 1 A</td> <td>50</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-7a010" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9843680~50&nsku=1N4148TR~50&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7a010'));" data-farnell="9843680~50" data-newark="1N4148TR~50" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Through Hole Resistor, 2.67 kohm, MRS25, 600 mW, &Acirc;&plusmn; 1%, Axial Leaded, 350 V</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-6dd38" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=94668190&nsku=97K55890&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6dd38'));" data-farnell="9466819~10" data-newark="97K5589~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor, 0.1 &Acirc;&micro;F, 50 V, &Acirc;&plusmn; 10%, Radial Leaded, X7R, 2.5 mm</td> <td>20</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-e636e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1141775~20&nsku=93K3274~20&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e636e'));" data-farnell="1141775~20" data-newark="93K3274~20" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP PRO Oktapad Protoboard, Eurocard, Epoxy Glass Composite, 1.6mm, 100mm x 160mm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-02cd9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=8498695&nsku=38K7388&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('02cd9'));" data-farnell="8498695" data-newark="38K7388" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP Toggle Switch, On-Off-On, SPDT, Non Illuminated, Panel Mount, 10 A</td> <td>2</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-d139f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2128127~2&nsku=94T9288~2&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d139f'));" data-farnell="2128127~2" data-newark="94T9288~2" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>PRO ELEC AC/DC Power Supply, 1 Output, 60 W, 12 V, 5 A</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-44ac0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4161206&nsku=81AK4325&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('44ac0'));" data-farnell="4161206" data-newark="81AK4325" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>pin headers</td> <td>4</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-d3bb0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3049546~4&nsku=01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d3bb0'));" data-farnell="3049546~4" data-newark="01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="xs-hide"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cho1b8">Additional Parts:</h2> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>ESP32 DOIT DEVKIT 1,0&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>I2S Audio Board based on MAX98357</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Amplifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Audio transformer EE14-222A&nbsp; 1300:8&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USB power supply with usb cable</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p></p> <div style="background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #dadada;margin:0;padding:14px 16px 16px 18px;vertical-align:top;"> <div style="display:inline-block;float:left;padding:0px 25px 8px 0px;"><a href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t"><img loading="lazy" alt="element14 presents" src="/e14/assets/legacy/2018/e14PresentsJune818.png" width="180px" /></a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:70%;"><br /> <p style="margin:0;"><span><a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t">element14 presents</a></span>&nbsp; <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a href="/challenges-projects/element14-presents/vcp-program/w/documents/27780/vcp-biography-mark" data-e14adj="t">About Mark Donners</a> <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/project-videos/" data-e14adj="t">Project Videos</a></p> <p style="margin:0;"></p> </div> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: esp32, Creative sound solutions for pinball, Classic gaming machine restoration, Pinball machine defect troubleshooting, mp3-trigger board, Retro pinball restoration, DIY pinball machine upgrades, Pinball machine sound enhancement, Pinball machine relay board innovation, ESP32 DAC audio integration, ESP32 and DAC for audio projects, e14p_MD, Vintage technology repair insights, Pinball machine circuitry insights, pinball, Vintage pinball machine repair, mp3, Optocoupler technology in pinball, Audio modification for classic pinball, Schematic analysis in pinball repair, friday_release</div> https://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632/revision/3Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:17:45 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:7c9209bb-0bf2-47ee-a5c5-41672f21550btariq.ahmadhttps://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632#commentsRevision 3 posted to Documents by tariq.ahmad on 12/7/2023 3:17:45 PM<br /> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Mark had the opportunity to work on a vintage pinball machine from 1972. This machine, belonging to a friend, required some repairs, and Mark willingly took on the challenge. Before delving into the repairs, he provided a glimpse into the unique characteristics of vintage pinball machines. Lacking transistors, these machines rely on coils, relays, and two motors&mdash;one for moving a target left to right and another for driving a pulse wheel.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bd5ps0"><span>Watch the Video:</span></h2> <p><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHQ-oRa3zWk">www.youtube.com/watch</a></span><b><span data-contrast="auto"></span></b></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bdmqc1"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Discovering Defects</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Unveiling the intricate mechanism, Mark encountered a few defects: the score counter for player two wasn&#39;t resetting, the machine produced excessive mechanical noise during initialization, and the right flipper exhibited constant overpowering, causing the coils to heat up. With over 100 relays and numerous contacts, pinpointing the issue initially seemed daunting. Fortunately, the pinball machine came with a schematic, allowing Mark to identify and repair three broken relay contacts.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0161.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2be03d2"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Innovative Sound Upgrade</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">While contemplating these repairs, the idea of upgrading the pinball machine struck Mark. After a swift repair job that felt almost disproportionate to the effort invested, he discussed the possibility of an upgrade with the friend, keeping the specifics a surprise. The concept involved integrating sound, triggered by the ball hitting various targets and switches during gameplay. To tap into these signals without interference from the pinball&#39;s electrical chaos, Mark devised a special trigger board equipped with optocouplers and an optical transceiver.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0025.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bea133"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Challenges and Solutions</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Implementing the trigger board, Mark faced challenges, particularly with the optocouplers&#39; rapid response creating unwanted signal fluctuations. Various attempts, including adding capacitors to stabilize the input signals, proved insufficient. As time pressed on, he opted for a pragmatic solution&mdash;adding more relays to physically separate the pinball signals from the microcontroller. This extra board successfully circumvented interference issues and provided a crucial reminder: real-world implementation often differs from simulations.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0153.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2beka94"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Audio Innovation and Conclusion</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">To enhance the gaming experience, Mark explored different methods of playing audio files using embedded systems. Options like Arduino with an SD card proved inadequate due to poor sound quality, while an Arduino Uno with an MP3 shield had undesirable latency. A one-size-fits-all MP3 trigger board shared similar latency concerns. Opting for an ESP32 with an external DAC and SD card provided acceptable latency and superior sound quality. This choice, influenced by previous successful projects, encapsulates the adaptability required for vintage technology. In the end, the pinball machine received not just repairs but a modern audio twist, showcasing the delicate balance between preserving nostalgia and embracing contemporary innovation.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0157.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cmnq89">Downloads and Links:</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/challenges-projects/element14-presents/m/files/148613" data-e14adj="t">Download Code,&nbsp; CAD Files and Schematics</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2ch2ec7">Bill of Material:</h2> <table class="e14-product-bom-main"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Product Name</th> <th>Quantity</th> <th><a id="e14-product-link-dcb85" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,94668190,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4&nsku=78Y68140,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K55890,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_BUY_KIT" class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('dcb85'));" data-farnell="2524323~10,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,9466819~10,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4" data-newark="78Y6814~10,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K5589~10,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Kit</a> </th> </tr> <tr> <td>TOSHIBA Optocoupler, Digital Output, 1 Channel, 5 kV, 15 Mbaud, DIP, 8 Pins, TLP296</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-f4207" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230&nsku=78Y68140&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f4207'));" data-farnell="2524323~10" data-newark="78Y6814~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MONACOR Audio Exciter / Resonator, 20W RMS 4Ohm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-777ca" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3401517&nsku=78AK5534 ( replacement)&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('777ca'));" data-farnell="3401517" data-newark="78AK5534 ( replacement)" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISATON Speaker, Full Range, 5 &quot;, White, 60 W, 4 ohm, 70 Hz to 16000 Hz</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-19f1b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1683889&nsku=67T1636&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('19f1b'));" data-farnell="1683889" data-newark="67T1636" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>ONSEMI Small Signal Diode, Single, 100 V, 200 mA, 1 V, 4 ns, 1 A</td> <td>50</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-ebc31" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9843680~50&nsku=1N4148TR~50&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ebc31'));" data-farnell="9843680~50" data-newark="1N4148TR~50" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Through Hole Resistor, 2.67 kohm, MRS25, 600 mW, &Acirc;&plusmn; 1%, Axial Leaded, 350 V</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-d07f0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=94668190&nsku=97K55890&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d07f0'));" data-farnell="9466819~10" data-newark="97K5589~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor, 0.1 &Acirc;&micro;F, 50 V, &Acirc;&plusmn; 10%, Radial Leaded, X7R, 2.5 mm</td> <td>20</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-d9c9a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1141775~20&nsku=93K3274~20&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d9c9a'));" data-farnell="1141775~20" data-newark="93K3274~20" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP PRO Oktapad Protoboard, Eurocard, Epoxy Glass Composite, 1.6mm, 100mm x 160mm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-1d321" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=8498695&nsku=38K7388&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1d321'));" data-farnell="8498695" data-newark="38K7388" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP Toggle Switch, On-Off-On, SPDT, Non Illuminated, Panel Mount, 10 A</td> <td>2</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-8ee79" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2128127~2&nsku=94T9288~2&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8ee79'));" data-farnell="2128127~2" data-newark="94T9288~2" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>PRO ELEC AC/DC Power Supply, 1 Output, 60 W, 12 V, 5 A</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-21930" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4161206&nsku=81AK4325&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('21930'));" data-farnell="4161206" data-newark="81AK4325" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>pin headers</td> <td>4</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-d1481" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3049546~4&nsku=01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d1481'));" data-farnell="3049546~4" data-newark="01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="xs-hide"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cho1b8">Additional Parts:</h2> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>ESP32 DOIT DEVKIT 1,0&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>I2S Audio Board based on MAX98357</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Amplifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Audio transformer EE14-222A&nbsp; 1300:8&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USB power supply with usb cable</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p></p> <div style="background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #dadada;margin:0;padding:14px 16px 16px 18px;vertical-align:top;"> <div style="display:inline-block;float:left;padding:0px 25px 8px 0px;"><a href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t"><img loading="lazy" alt="element14 presents" src="/e14/assets/legacy/2018/e14PresentsJune818.png" width="180px" /></a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:70%;"><br /> <p style="margin:0;"><span><a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t">element14 presents</a></span>&nbsp; <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a href="/challenges-projects/element14-presents/vcp-program/w/documents/27780/vcp-biography-mark" data-e14adj="t">About Mark Donners</a> <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/project-videos/" data-e14adj="t">Project Videos</a></p> <p style="margin:0;"></p> </div> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: esp32, Creative sound solutions for pinball, Classic gaming machine restoration, Pinball machine defect troubleshooting, mp3-trigger board, Retro pinball restoration, DIY pinball machine upgrades, Pinball machine sound enhancement, Pinball machine relay board innovation, ESP32 DAC audio integration, ESP32 and DAC for audio projects, e14p_MD, Vintage technology repair insights, Pinball machine circuitry insights, pinball, Vintage pinball machine repair, mp3, Optocoupler technology in pinball, Audio modification for classic pinball, Schematic analysis in pinball repair, friday_release</div> https://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632/revision/2Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:14:04 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:7c9209bb-0bf2-47ee-a5c5-41672f21550btariq.ahmadhttps://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632#commentsRevision 2 posted to Documents by tariq.ahmad on 12/7/2023 3:14:04 PM<br /> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Mark had the opportunity to work on a vintage pinball machine from 1972. This machine, belonging to a friend, required some repairs, and Mark willingly took on the challenge. Before delving into the repairs, he provided a glimpse into the unique characteristics of vintage pinball machines. Lacking transistors, these machines rely on coils, relays, and two motors&mdash;one for moving a target left to right and another for driving a pulse wheel.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bd5ps0"><span>Watch the Video:</span></h2> <p><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHQ-oRa3zWk">www.youtube.com/watch</a></span><b><span data-contrast="auto"></span></b></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bdmqc1"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Discovering Defects</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Unveiling the intricate mechanism, Mark encountered a few defects: the score counter for player two wasn&#39;t resetting, the machine produced excessive mechanical noise during initialization, and the right flipper exhibited constant overpowering, causing the coils to heat up. With over 100 relays and numerous contacts, pinpointing the issue initially seemed daunting. Fortunately, the pinball machine came with a schematic, allowing Mark to identify and repair three broken relay contacts.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0151.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2be03d2"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Innovative Sound Upgrade</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">While contemplating these repairs, the idea of upgrading the pinball machine struck Mark. After a swift repair job that felt almost disproportionate to the effort invested, he discussed the possibility of an upgrade with the friend, keeping the specifics a surprise. The concept involved integrating sound, triggered by the ball hitting various targets and switches during gameplay. To tap into these signals without interference from the pinball&#39;s electrical chaos, Mark devised a special trigger board equipped with optocouplers and an optical transceiver.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0025.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bea133"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Challenges and Solutions</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Implementing the trigger board, Mark faced challenges, particularly with the optocouplers&#39; rapid response creating unwanted signal fluctuations. Various attempts, including adding capacitors to stabilize the input signals, proved insufficient. As time pressed on, he opted for a pragmatic solution&mdash;adding more relays to physically separate the pinball signals from the microcontroller. This extra board successfully circumvented interference issues and provided a crucial reminder: real-world implementation often differs from simulations.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0153.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2beka94"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Audio Innovation and Conclusion</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">To enhance the gaming experience, Mark explored different methods of playing audio files using embedded systems. Options like Arduino with an SD card proved inadequate due to poor sound quality, while an Arduino Uno with an MP3 shield had undesirable latency. A one-size-fits-all MP3 trigger board shared similar latency concerns. Opting for an ESP32 with an external DAC and SD card provided acceptable latency and superior sound quality. This choice, influenced by previous successful projects, encapsulates the adaptability required for vintage technology. In the end, the pinball machine received not just repairs but a modern audio twist, showcasing the delicate balance between preserving nostalgia and embracing contemporary innovation.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0157.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cmnq89">Downloads and Links:</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/challenges-projects/element14-presents/m/files/148613" data-e14adj="t">Download Code,&nbsp; CAD Files and Schematics</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2ch2ec7">Bill of Material:</h2> <table class="e14-product-bom-main"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Product Name</th> <th>Quantity</th> <th><a id="e14-product-link-7648b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,94668190,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4&nsku=78Y68140,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K55890,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_BUY_KIT" class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7648b'));" data-farnell="2524323~10,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,9466819~10,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4" data-newark="78Y6814~10,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K5589~10,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Kit</a> </th> </tr> <tr> <td>TOSHIBA Optocoupler, Digital Output, 1 Channel, 5 kV, 15 Mbaud, DIP, 8 Pins, TLP296</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-dcea8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230&nsku=78Y68140&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('dcea8'));" data-farnell="2524323~10" data-newark="78Y6814~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MONACOR Audio Exciter / Resonator, 20W RMS 4Ohm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-2551c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3401517&nsku=78AK5534 ( replacement)&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2551c'));" data-farnell="3401517" data-newark="78AK5534 ( replacement)" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISATON Speaker, Full Range, 5 &quot;, White, 60 W, 4 ohm, 70 Hz to 16000 Hz</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-bd42a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1683889&nsku=67T1636&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bd42a'));" data-farnell="1683889" data-newark="67T1636" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>ONSEMI Small Signal Diode, Single, 100 V, 200 mA, 1 V, 4 ns, 1 A</td> <td>50</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-f8636" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9843680~50&nsku=1N4148TR~50&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f8636'));" data-farnell="9843680~50" data-newark="1N4148TR~50" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Through Hole Resistor, 2.67 kohm, MRS25, 600 mW, &Acirc;&plusmn; 1%, Axial Leaded, 350 V</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-7bbb3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=94668190&nsku=97K55890&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7bbb3'));" data-farnell="9466819~10" data-newark="97K5589~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor, 0.1 &Acirc;&micro;F, 50 V, &Acirc;&plusmn; 10%, Radial Leaded, X7R, 2.5 mm</td> <td>20</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-39c63" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1141775~20&nsku=93K3274~20&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('39c63'));" data-farnell="1141775~20" data-newark="93K3274~20" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP PRO Oktapad Protoboard, Eurocard, Epoxy Glass Composite, 1.6mm, 100mm x 160mm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-d8dbc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=8498695&nsku=38K7388&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d8dbc'));" data-farnell="8498695" data-newark="38K7388" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP Toggle Switch, On-Off-On, SPDT, Non Illuminated, Panel Mount, 10 A</td> <td>2</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-ed635" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2128127~2&nsku=94T9288~2&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ed635'));" data-farnell="2128127~2" data-newark="94T9288~2" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>PRO ELEC AC/DC Power Supply, 1 Output, 60 W, 12 V, 5 A</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-2db8d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4161206&nsku=81AK4325&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2db8d'));" data-farnell="4161206" data-newark="81AK4325" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>pin headers</td> <td>4</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-167c2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3049546~4&nsku=01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('167c2'));" data-farnell="3049546~4" data-newark="01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="xs-hide"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cho1b8">Additional Parts:</h2> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>ESP32 DOIT DEVKIT 1,0&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>I2S Audio Board based on MAX98357</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Amplifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Audio transformer EE14-222A&nbsp; 1300:8&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USB power supply with usb cable</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p></p> <div style="background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #dadada;margin:0;padding:14px 16px 16px 18px;vertical-align:top;"> <div style="display:inline-block;float:left;padding:0px 25px 8px 0px;"><a href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t"><img loading="lazy" alt="element14 presents" src="/e14/assets/legacy/2018/e14PresentsJune818.png" width="180px" /></a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:70%;"><br /> <p style="margin:0;"><span><a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t">element14 presents</a></span>&nbsp; <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a href="/challenges-projects/element14-presents/vcp-program/w/documents/27780/vcp-biography-mark" data-e14adj="t">About Mark Donners</a> <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/project-videos/" data-e14adj="t">Project Videos</a></p> <p style="margin:0;"></p> </div> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: esp32, Creative sound solutions for pinball, Classic gaming machine restoration, Pinball machine defect troubleshooting, mp3-trigger board, Retro pinball restoration, DIY pinball machine upgrades, Pinball machine sound enhancement, Pinball machine relay board innovation, ESP32 DAC audio integration, ESP32 and DAC for audio projects, e14p_MD, Vintage technology repair insights, Pinball machine circuitry insights, pinball, Vintage pinball machine repair, mp3, Optocoupler technology in pinball, Audio modification for classic pinball, Schematic analysis in pinball repair, friday_release</div> https://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632/revision/1Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:11:08 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:7c9209bb-0bf2-47ee-a5c5-41672f21550btariq.ahmadhttps://community.element14.com/challenges-projects/element14-presents/project-videos/w/documents/28374/revamping-old-school-pinball-with-an-esp32----episode-632#commentsRevision 1 posted to Documents by tariq.ahmad on 12/7/2023 3:11:08 PM<br /> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Mark had the opportunity to work on a vintage pinball machine from 1972. This machine, belonging to a friend, required some repairs, and Mark willingly took on the challenge. Before delving into the repairs, he provided a glimpse into the unique characteristics of vintage pinball machines. Lacking transistors, these machines rely on coils, relays, and two motors&mdash;one for moving a target left to right and another for driving a pulse wheel.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bd5ps0"><span>Watch the Video:</span></h2> <p><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHQ-oRa3zWk">www.youtube.com/watch</a></span><b><span data-contrast="auto"></span></b></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bdmqc1"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Discovering Defects</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Unveiling the intricate mechanism, Mark encountered a few defects: the score counter for player two wasn&#39;t resetting, the machine produced excessive mechanical noise during initialization, and the right flipper exhibited constant overpowering, causing the coils to heat up. With over 100 relays and numerous contacts, pinpointing the issue initially seemed daunting. Fortunately, the pinball machine came with a schematic, allowing Mark to identify and repair three broken relay contacts.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0151.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2be03d2"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Innovative Sound Upgrade</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">While contemplating these repairs, the idea of upgrading the pinball machine struck Mark. After a swift repair job that felt almost disproportionate to the effort invested, he discussed the possibility of an upgrade with the friend, keeping the specifics a surprise. The concept involved integrating sound, triggered by the ball hitting various targets and switches during gameplay. To tap into these signals without interference from the pinball&#39;s electrical chaos, Mark devised a special trigger board equipped with optocouplers and an optical transceiver.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0025.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2bea133"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Challenges and Solutions</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Implementing the trigger board, Mark faced challenges, particularly with the optocouplers&#39; rapid response creating unwanted signal fluctuations. Various attempts, including adding capacitors to stabilize the input signals, proved insufficient. As time pressed on, he opted for a pragmatic solution&mdash;adding more relays to physically separate the pinball signals from the microcontroller. This extra board successfully circumvented interference issues and provided a crucial reminder: real-world implementation often differs from simulations.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0153.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2beka94"><b><span data-contrast="auto">Audio Innovation and Conclusion</span></b><span>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">To enhance the gaming experience, Mark explored different methods of playing audio files using embedded systems. Options like Arduino with an SD card proved inadequate due to poor sound quality, while an Arduino Uno with an MP3 shield had undesirable latency. A one-size-fits-all MP3 trigger board shared similar latency concerns. Opting for an ESP32 with an external DAC and SD card provided acceptable latency and superior sound quality. This choice, influenced by previous successful projects, encapsulates the adaptability required for vintage technology. In the end, the pinball machine received not just repairs but a modern audio twist, showcasing the delicate balance between preserving nostalgia and embracing contemporary innovation.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span><img loading="lazy" alt="image" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" src="/resized-image/__size/1280x720/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-04-35/IMG_5F00_0157.jpg" /></span></p> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cmnq89">Downloads and Links:</h2> <ul> <li>Download Code,&nbsp; CAD Files and Schematics</li> </ul> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2ch2ec7">Bill of Material:</h2> <table class="e14-product-bom-main"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Product Name</th> <th>Quantity</th> <th><a id="e14-product-link-f0984" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,94668190,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4&nsku=78Y68140,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K55890,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_BUY_KIT" class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f0984'));" data-farnell="2524323~10,3401517,1683889,9843680~50,9466819~10,1141775~20,8498695,2128127~2,4161206,3049546~4" data-newark="78Y6814~10,78AK5534 ( replacement),67T1636,1N4148TR~50,97K5589~10,93K3274~20,38K7388,94T9288~2,81AK4325,01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Kit</a> </th> </tr> <tr> <td>TOSHIBA Optocoupler, Digital Output, 1 Channel, 5 kV, 15 Mbaud, DIP, 8 Pins, TLP296</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-4c511" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=25243230&nsku=78Y68140&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4c511'));" data-farnell="2524323~10" data-newark="78Y6814~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MONACOR Audio Exciter / Resonator, 20W RMS 4Ohm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-3c1f7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3401517&nsku=78AK5534 ( replacement)&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3c1f7'));" data-farnell="3401517" data-newark="78AK5534 ( replacement)" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISATON Speaker, Full Range, 5 &quot;, White, 60 W, 4 ohm, 70 Hz to 16000 Hz</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-ebe8b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1683889&nsku=67T1636&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ebe8b'));" data-farnell="1683889" data-newark="67T1636" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>ONSEMI Small Signal Diode, Single, 100 V, 200 mA, 1 V, 4 ns, 1 A</td> <td>50</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-0cb2c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9843680~50&nsku=1N4148TR~50&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0cb2c'));" data-farnell="9843680~50" data-newark="1N4148TR~50" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Through Hole Resistor, 2.67 kohm, MRS25, 600 mW, &Acirc;&plusmn; 1%, Axial Leaded, 350 V</td> <td>10</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-e7063" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=94668190&nsku=97K55890&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e7063'));" data-farnell="9466819~10" data-newark="97K5589~10" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>VISHAY Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor, 0.1 &Acirc;&micro;F, 50 V, &Acirc;&plusmn; 10%, Radial Leaded, X7R, 2.5 mm</td> <td>20</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-66a4d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1141775~20&nsku=93K3274~20&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('66a4d'));" data-farnell="1141775~20" data-newark="93K3274~20" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP PRO Oktapad Protoboard, Eurocard, Epoxy Glass Composite, 1.6mm, 100mm x 160mm</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-128cf" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=8498695&nsku=38K7388&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('128cf'));" data-farnell="8498695" data-newark="38K7388" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MULTICOMP Toggle Switch, On-Off-On, SPDT, Non Illuminated, Panel Mount, 10 A</td> <td>2</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-bde10" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2128127~2&nsku=94T9288~2&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bde10'));" data-farnell="2128127~2" data-newark="94T9288~2" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>PRO ELEC AC/DC Power Supply, 1 Output, 60 W, 12 V, 5 A</td> <td>1</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-03c7d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4161206&nsku=81AK4325&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('03c7d'));" data-farnell="4161206" data-newark="81AK4325" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>pin headers</td> <td>4</td> <td><a id="e14-product-link-29997" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3049546~4&nsku=01AH0801~4&COM=e14c-noscript&CMP=e14c-noscript&osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('29997'));" data-farnell="3049546~4" data-newark="01AH0801~4" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" >Buy Now</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="xs-hide"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="mcetoc_1hh2cho1b8">Additional Parts:</h2> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>ESP32 DOIT DEVKIT 1,0&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>I2S Audio Board based on MAX98357</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Amplifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PCB-&gt; use the included pcb production files to order a pcb at your prefered manufacturer&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Audio transformer EE14-222A&nbsp; 1300:8&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USB power supply with usb cable</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p></p> <div style="background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #dadada;margin:0;padding:14px 16px 16px 18px;vertical-align:top;"> <div style="display:inline-block;float:left;padding:0px 25px 8px 0px;"><a href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t"><img loading="lazy" alt="element14 presents" src="/e14/assets/legacy/2018/e14PresentsJune818.png" width="180px" /></a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:70%;"><br /> <p style="margin:0;"><span><a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/" data-e14adj="t">element14 presents</a></span>&nbsp; <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a href="/challenges-projects/element14-presents/vcp-program/w/documents/27780/vcp-biography-mark" data-e14adj="t">About Mark Donners</a> <strong>|</strong>&nbsp; <a class="jivecontainerTT-hover-container jive-link-community-small" href="/challengesprojects/element14-presents/project-videos/" data-e14adj="t">Project Videos</a></p> <p style="margin:0;"></p> </div> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: esp32, Creative sound solutions for pinball, Classic gaming machine restoration, Pinball machine defect troubleshooting, mp3-trigger board, Retro pinball restoration, DIY pinball machine upgrades, Pinball machine sound enhancement, Pinball machine relay board innovation, ESP32 DAC audio integration, ESP32 and DAC for audio projects, e14p_MD, Vintage technology repair insights, Pinball machine circuitry insights, pinball, Vintage pinball machine repair, mp3, Optocoupler technology in pinball, Audio modification for classic pinball, Schematic analysis in pinball repair, friday_release</div>