https://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/VPG Foil Resistors stands for unparalleled precision, stability and reliability. Our resistor portfolio encompasses a wide variety of configurations and packages designed to surpass the requirements of even the most demanding applications. Represented ben-USTelligent Community 12https://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documentsThu, 30 Oct 2025 13:57:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:cde0dc3d-ad94-4b11-8f10-800e806a78aahttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/9528/case-study-developing-a-multi-channel-dac-for-high-end-audio-applicationsThu, 11 Sep 2025 06:17:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:e5476665-cf40-4b3c-8e11-6e3618d01384Tomhazan1CASE STUDY: Developing a Multi-Developing Multi-Channel DAC for High-End Audio | VPG Foil Resistors Author : Vincent Brient, Inventor Chief Engineer, TOTALDAC Industry/ Application Area High-End Audio Product Used VSR series Bulk Metal ® Foil resistors Description of Case Study To build the best-sounding audio multi-channel digital-to-analog converter (DAC), we tested DAC ICs from various suppliers before settling on a solution using an FPGA and 96 VSR series resistors per channel in a 3-channel configuration. The Challenge Our goal was to create a no-compromises DAC and digital crossover with 69-bit processing. The DAC is configured as an R-2R ladder. It is a 24-bit network using 0.01% resistors although these resistors can not easily provide a resolution higher than 14 bits. The User Explains At TOTALDAC, we build a DAC and digital crossover for high-end audio systems based on an FPGA and discrete resistors. The TOTALDAC board is assembled in an ISO 9001-certified factory in France and each board is inspected and its sound quality tested before shipping. As I wanted to build the best sounding audio DAC, I tested the sound quality delivered by a number of mass-produced DAC chips from several well-known companies, including Analog Devices, TI, Philips, Cirrus Logic, Wolfson, and AKM. Some of them were new old stock (NOS) chips known for their nice sound such as the TDA1541, TDA1545 (used in CD723), TDA1543, PCM56, AD1852 (used in Teac VRDS 25x), CS4328 (used in Helios Stargate), PCM1702 (used in many high-end CD players in the past), and PCM1704U-K . Some were really nice, but never very accurate. I listened to them with and without oversampling whenever possible. I used a Pacific Microsonic PDM100 HDCD digital filter, one of the best digital filters available. I also listened to many new DAC chips from TI and Analog Device in particular. These usually required microcontroller programming. The sound was often a bit metallic. Lastly, I listened to the sound quality from a discrete R2R DAC made of simple 1% resistors. The musicality was there but some accuracy was missing. This was the starting point of my ultimate DAC solution. After two years, five PCB revisions, and other improvements to the FPGA, I finally settled on the VSRJ 0.01% resistor. Although 96 discrete resistors per channel are used, the signal path is actually very short, going through the 0.01% resistors, into a C-L-C filter, through a capacitor, and then into the potentiometer. Fig. 1: Each channel uses 96 pieces of VPG Foil Resistors' VSRJ 0.01% Bulk Metal Foil resistors Once the prototype worked as expected, I contacted VPG Foil Resistors Europe to choose the most appropriate Bulk Metal foil resistors. While the VAR series resistors – components specifically designed for audio applications – may have been the absolute ideal resistors to be used, the VSR series through-hole resistors offered sufficiently impressive performance combined with a preferred price tag. That is of particular interest due to the high number of resistors used per channel. To my knowledge, no other DAC for the high-end audio market uses a 24-bit foil ladder configuration. The Bulk Metal Foil resistive technology is the absolute key factor for the success of this design. Fig. 2: The 3-way TOTALDAC board uses 288 of these resistors. Measurements Figure 3 shows the quality of the DAC for an extremely low amplitude signal such as concert hall long reverberation. The noise floor on graphic FFT is as low as -156 dB, although 0 dB is really the maximum DAC level (1.6 Vrms). The measurements were done by a Rohde & Schwarz UPL audio analyzer. Only the second order harmonic distortion is visible, and is only at -126dB. The distortion would be lower with an operational amplifier, but I preferred the sound created by discrete transistors without global feedback. Some noise is visible at low frequencies, it is due to the mains power supply. A power supply regulator would remove this noise but I prefer the sound without global feedback in the power supply for the analog section. Fig. 3: Spectrum of a 1 kHz sinewave at -80dBFs with the power supply and buffer board Contact Information Vincent Brient Inventor Chief Engineer TOTALDAC Rennes,France URL: http://www.totaldac.com/ Email: vincent_brient@yahoo.frvishay_foil_resistorsprecisiondigital_to_analogapplicationsaudioengineervar_resistorspacific_microsonicdesign_engineersdactotaldacresistorsbulk_metalnoisefoil_technologyvsr_seriescase_study_programhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71973/11-reasons-engineers-trust-bulk-metal-foil-resistorsWed, 10 Sep 2025 11:00:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:674994ea-d38a-4bcf-9c3d-537b9a9f2c3fTomhazan1Why Engineers Choose Bulk Metal® Foil – Proven. Precise. Enduring. At the heart of today’s most demanding analog and digital designs lies the unmatched performance of Bulk Metal® Foil Resistor Technology—a legacy born from innovation and trusted by engineers worldwide. This brochure outlines 11 compelling reasons why this technology, developed by VPG Foil Resistors, remains the benchmark in high-precision resistor solutions. From ultra-low TCR and long-term load life stability to low thermal EMF and superior ESD resistance, each reason underscores the engineering value of foil resistors in critical applications. Whether used in aerospace, semiconductor testing, instrumentation, or medical devices, these resistors consistently outperform other technologies in terms of precision, stability, and environmental resilience. With proven reliability across decades, including flight-qualified and hermetically sealed designs, VPG Foil Resistors enable tight tolerance, predictable drift, and thermal behavior control—making them essential in any environment where accuracy is non-negotiable. Read the brochure here: 11 Reasons to Choose Bulk Metal ® Foil Technology for your Circuittemperature_coefficient_resistanceresistanceprecisionload_life_stabilityresistorsVPG Foil Resistorsbulk_metalhigh-precisionfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71969/vfr-resistors-unrivaled-stability-with-bulk-metal-foil-technologyTue, 09 Sep 2025 07:57:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:e39c090f-fd9c-400b-8d0c-e23325d750e6Tomhazan1Precision You Can Rely On — Proven. Stable. Trusted. VPG Foil Resistors leads the industry in ultra-precision resistor technologies, built on the legacy of Bulk Metal ® Foil innovation introduced by Dr. Felix Zandman in 1962. Designed to meet the most stringent demands in aerospace, defense, medical, metrology, industrial, and telecom markets, our solutions deliver unmatched accuracy, long-term stability, and thermal reliability. Our resistor portfolio includes: Z1-Foil ® resistors with TCR as low as ±0.2 ppm/°C Low-ohmic current sense resistors with Kelvin 4-terminal designs Hermetically sealed resistors for mission-critical applications Military-grade and space-qualified components (DLA, EEE-INST-002, ESA, CECC) Matched resistor networks and custom chip arrays Trimming potentiometers and hybrid circuit chips With offerings across surface-mount, through-hole, and custom packaging configurations, VPG Foil Resistors supports engineers in achieving extreme accuracy in measurement and control — even under severe temperature, load, and environmental conditions. Every product is backed by decades of research, application knowledge, and field-proven performance in the world’s most demanding systems. VPG Foil Resistors — For when precision isn’t optional. Read the brochure here: VFR Bulk Metal ® Foil Ultra-Precision Resistors BrochureHermetically Sealed ResistorsSurface Mount Foil ResistorsVoltage Dividers and Resistor NetworksresistorsVPG Foil ResistorsPower Current Sense Resistorsbulk_metalMilitary and Space (AMS)avionicshigh-precisioncurrent_sensingfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71970/apr-series-standardized-precision-delivered-fastTue, 09 Sep 2025 07:55:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:60fe8137-35be-43be-8a1f-db0ab64b2b09Tomhazan1Reliable. Standardized. Ready-to-Use. APR – Standardized Precision Resistors by VPG Foil Resistors deliver dependable performance for high-volume, cost-effective applications across industrial, automotive, power, and communications sectors. Designed for when “better is good enough,” the APR portfolio includes metal strip, foil, thin film, and thick film technologies—offered in made-to-stock formats that balance price and performance. From AEC-Q200 compliant SMD current-sense resistors to high-voltage leaded wirewound models, APR resistors are available in tape-and-reel, axial, radial, and PCB module configurations. These resistors support resistance ranges from micro-ohms to tera-ohms and feature stability under load life, with TCRs as low as ±3 ppm/°C and tolerances down to ±0.005%. APR resistors are engineered for EV charging, 5G infrastructure, power modules, and instrumentation, providing reliable measurement, thermal stability, and delivery agility. Read the brochure here: APR Standardized Precision Resistors BrochureSurface Mount Foil ResistorsresistorsVPG Foil ResistorsPower Current Sense Resistorsbulk_metalhigh-precisionfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71972/precision-for-the-digital-world-resistor-solutions-for-telecom-semiconductorsTue, 09 Sep 2025 07:53:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:d0158100-34f5-4887-bdc3-76f096f00562Tomhazan1VPG Foil Resistors brings unmatched precision to the world of telecommunications and semiconductor manufacturing. By leveraging proprietary Bulk Metal® Foil technology, these resistors ensure low inductance, ultra-low TCR, and minimal signal noise—enabling the delivery of pure, high-speed data transmission across critical infrastructure. Designed to meet the challenges of high-frequency communications, ATE systems, and precision test environments, VPG’s resistor solutions support consistent signal integrity and robust thermal stability across a wide range of formats. These include surface-mount and leaded resistors, power current-sense devices, voltage dividers, and hermetically sealed networks. The VPG portfolio enables applications such as 5G base stations, fiber-optic networks, industrial IoT, GPS, data centers, medical electronics, and semiconductor ATE platforms. With Kelvin 4-terminal designs, wraparound and flip-chip configurations, and power handling up to 500 W, each solution is built for reliability and engineered for the future. From unmatched stability to precise customization and long-term load life, VPG Foil Resistors continue to serve as the backbone for next-generation electronic technologies. Read the brochure here: Telecommunications & Semiconductors BrochureHermetically Sealed ResistorsSurface Mount Foil ResistorsVoltage Dividers and Resistor NetworksresistorsVPG Foil ResistorsPower Current Sense Resistorsbulk_metalhigh-precisionfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71971/alpha-electronics-standard-resistors-decade-boxesTue, 09 Sep 2025 07:40:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:4ea2c615-335b-48d5-b82b-4cf645ab722aTomhazan1Alpha Electronics – part of the VPG Foil Resistors product group – is renowned for delivering ultra-precision resistor solutions engineered for the most demanding analog and digital applications. Manufactured exclusively in a fully automated facility in Akita, Japan, Alpha’s Bulk Metal® Foil resistors represent the pinnacle of consistency, reliability, and thermal stability. This broad portfolio includes discrete resistors and resistor networks in surface-mount and leaded configurations, power current sense devices with Kelvin connections, hermetically sealed options for extreme environments, and temperature-sensitive elements with tightly defined TCR characteristics. With a typical TCR as low as ±0.2 ppm/°C and resistance tolerances down to ±0.005%, these resistors are ideal for applications where drift, noise, or instability cannot be tolerated. The offering also features high-performance thin film resistors and thermosensitive models, all designed to maintain exceptional load life stability and ultra-low thermal EMF, even under harsh environmental conditions. Alpha Electronics continues to advance its product range for emerging needs in automatic test equipment, semiconductor measurement, precision weighing, aerospace, communications, and medical technologies Read the brochure here: Alpha Electronics Standard Resistors & Decade BoxesSurface Mount Foil ResistorsresistorsVPG Foil ResistorsPower Current Sense Resistorsbulk_metalhigh-precisionfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71968/powertron-resistors-precision-meets-power-in-every-applicationTue, 09 Sep 2025 06:36:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:d8e5ad4b-78e8-4a85-b0ca-c7493c3824f7Tomhazan1Powertron, a product brand under VPG Foil Resistors, delivers a diverse range of high-power, high-precision resistor solutions built for industrial, automotive, energy, and power electronics applications. Engineered with advanced metal foil and metal strip technologies, Powertron resistors are optimized for demanding thermal, mechanical, and electrical conditions — ensuring long-term accuracy and stability under load. Key offerings include: Low-ohmic current sense resistors with values as low as 0.0005 Ω High-power SMD and through-hole resistors, capable of dissipating up to 1000 W Hermetically sealed and housed modules for rugged environments Kelvin 4-terminal designs to ensure precision and low thermal EMF Custom resistor networks for space-saving and efficiency-driven designs Powertron’s unique product families such as PRND, PCF, PFS, UMR, and WDBR deliver performance-critical features such as low TCR (as low as ±5 ppm/°C), tight tolerance (down to ±0.01%), and high surge resistance. These resistors are ideally suited for applications in power converters, battery charging, current feedback loops, energy storage, and automotive ECUs. With flexible form factors, AEC-Q200 qualified parts, and customizable layouts, Powertron combines compact design with high thermal and electrical resilience to meet the next generation of power and precision challenges. Read the brochure here: Powertron CuNiMn, CuMnSn and NiCr Resistors BrochureresistorsVPG Foil Resistorshigh-precisioncurrent_sensinghttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71966/mission-critical-precision-aerospace-defense-qualified-resistors-brochureMon, 08 Sep 2025 13:22:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:6a253929-0c82-435e-ac26-0a05133bfdb0Tomhazan1VPG Foil Resistors delivers a proven portfolio of military-qualified and space-grade precision resistors, engineered to perform reliably under the most demanding aerospace and defense conditions. Powered by our proprietary Bulk Metal® Foil technology, our solutions offer unmatched long-term stability, ultra-low TCR, and tight tolerance—even in extreme environments spanning −65°C to +175°C. Our range includes: QPL-approved through-hole and surface-mount resistors (MIL-PRF-55182, MIL-PRF-55342, MIL-PRF-32663) EEE-INST-002 tested parts, compliant with NASA Goddard and DLA requirements Voltage dividers, precision trimming potentiometers, and resistor networks Kelvin-connected current sense resistors and hermetically sealed modules Custom high-stability devices listed on EPPL and CECC standards Products such as the RNC90 series, Z201, and FRSM/SMR series are extensively qualified with full destructive and 100% screening per space and military standards. Our trimmers (e.g., RJ26), voltage dividers, and PRND sealed networks deliver consistent results where every ohm matters. From satellites and avionics to defense systems and guided platforms, our high-reliability resistors are tested and trusted to meet mission-critical expectations over time and temperature. Read the brochure here: Aerospace & Defense Qualified Resistors Brochureprecisionthrough hole resistorsSurface Mount Foil ResistorsVPG Foil Resistorsbulk_metalMilitary and Space (AMS)avionicshigh-precisioncurrent_sensingfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71967/accuracy-you-can-measure-high-precision-current-sense-resistors-brochureMon, 08 Sep 2025 12:55:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:344514ff-8aa7-434c-8c9a-f6e75cca6722Tomhazan1VPG Foil Resistors offers a specialized range of current sense resistors designed for precise, high-efficiency power measurement and control across a wide range of applications. Built with Z1-Foil®, Bulk Metal ® Foil, and metal strip technologies, these resistors provide excellent thermal performance, long-term stability, and minimal resistance drift — even in dynamic load conditions and high-temperature environments. Our portfolio spans: 4-terminal Kelvin-connected foil resistors with resistance values as low as 0.3 mΩ High-power surface-mount current sensors up to 12 W in compact packages Hermetically sealed modules for critical applications such as aerospace and defense Custom current shunt assemblies tested up to ±8000 A and ±20000 A Precision matched resistor networks to improve circuit efficiency and accuracy These resistors are optimized for battery management systems (BMS), power conversion, motor drives, industrial control, EV platforms, data centers, and instrumentation. Their excellent load-life stability, low TCR, and thermal EMF performance help designers meet tight error budgets and achieve accurate power and current measurement without sacrificing reliability. Whether your application demands long-term stability, low inductance, or high-power handling — VPG’s current sense resistors deliver the performance needed to monitor and control power with confidence. Read the brochure here: High Precision Current Sense Resistors Brochurethrough hole resistorsSurface Mount Foil ResistorsVPG Foil ResistorsPower Current Sense Resistorshigh-precisioncurrent_sensingfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71965/automotive-market-solutions-brochureMon, 08 Sep 2025 12:31:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:8bbdecbe-1f01-48fd-a1ad-c4fdda5764bcTomhazan1VPG Foil Resistors provides advanced current sense and precision resistor solutions tailored to the evolving needs of the automotive electronics industry. Built on decades of expertise in Bulk Metal ® Foil and metal strip technologies, our automotive-grade products offer exceptional stability, accuracy, and power handling, even in harsh environments. This brochure highlights a comprehensive portfolio of AEC-Q200-qualified components, including: High-power SMD current sense resistors (up to 12 W) Power shunt modules rated for ±8000A and ±20000A Metal Strip designs with 2- and 4-terminal options for flexible layout integration Z1 Foil-based SMD resistors with industry-leading TCR performance (±0.2 ppm/°C) Wraparound foil resistors for enhanced thermal cycling reliability From battery management systems and power conversion to onboard chargers and ECUs, VPG’s resistor technologies deliver consistent electrical performance over time, temperature, and vibration. Engineered and qualified for demanding automotive environments, these components are a trusted choice for Tier 1 suppliers and EV system designers alike. Read the brochure here: Automotive Market Solutions BrochureprecisionSurface Mount Foil ResistorsresistorsVPG Foil ResistorsPower Current Sense Resistorshigh-precisionfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/documents/71964/alpha-electronics-ultra-precision-overview-brochureMon, 08 Sep 2025 12:27:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:f0f091eb-99b6-4053-90a0-fe0e87916dabTomhazan1Alpha Electronics, a leading brand within the VPG Foil Resistors product group, delivers world-class resistor solutions built on decades of innovation in Bulk Metal ® Foil technology. Manufactured in a state-of-the-art fully automated facility in Akita, Japan, Alpha Electronics ultra-precision resistors are known for their exceptionally low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), tight tolerance, and outstanding long-term stability — even in the most demanding analog and high-performance environments. This comprehensive portfolio includes a wide variety of surface-mount (SMD) and leaded resistors, current sense resistors, hermetically sealed resistors, voltage dividers, matched resistor networks, thermosensitive elements, and thin film resistors. Engineered for excellence in industries such as semiconductor testing, medical instrumentation, aerospace, communications, and precision measurement, Alpha Electronics resistors consistently meet or exceed the stringent demands of mission-critical applications. Each component benefits from a proprietary trimming method that ensures minimal drift and noise, along with standard Kelvin (4-terminal) designs for enhanced accuracy. This makes Alpha’s ultra-precision resistors an essential choice where reliability, performance, and predictability matter most — today and for years to come. Read the brochure here: Alpha Electronics Ultra-Precision Overview BrochureHermetically Sealed ResistorsSurface Mount Foil ResistorsVoltage Dividers and Resistor NetworksresistorsVPG Foil ResistorsPower Current Sense Resistorsbulk_metalprecision resistorsfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/setupMon, 08 Sep 2025 07:08:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:0322b94f-6ea0-41d0-a6f6-b971f0c8a0e4https://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/setup/21016/main-group-widgetMon, 08 Sep 2025 07:08:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:dfdbd36b-9c16-454b-9f1a-534c91f4a233Tomhazan1VPG Foil Resistors stands for unparalleled precision, stability and reliability. Our resistor portfolio encompasses a wide variety of configurations and packages designed to surpass the requirements of even the most demanding applications. Represented by the premier brands VFR, Alpha Electronics, Powertron and APR, our unique Bulk Metal Foil technology outperforms all other resistor technologies. Continuously refined since its introduction in 1962, this ultra precision technology is the solution of choice due to a distinct technical advantage over other options — the ability to deliver a completely customizable solution for any application. To complement our extensive portfolio of high-performance foil resistors, we also offer decade boxes, standard resistors, exceptional precision thin film and power resistors including special construction configurations to meet the requirements of high temperature applications.group_mainhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/setup/21015/group-intro-widget-contentMon, 24 Mar 2025 16:18:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:a3a197a8-20dd-4e4d-a5ab-daddcfd86ee0e14cstantonWelcome to the VPG Foil Resistors page on element14. Here you can find things such as our latest news, training videos, and product details. Additionally, you can engage with us in our forums.group_introhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/setup/21014/featured-videoWed, 13 Oct 2021 10:17:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:623a8574-c79b-46f7-8a59-73eae51bb30cMattgroup_featuredVideohttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/setupWed, 13 Oct 2021 10:16:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:bd9424ff-f776-4e73-bd8b-ce575ceec451MattThis document area is where you can create or edit the items that are used to populate your group's home page. The "Main Group Widget" document stores the content that displays in the main top/middle of the page The "Group Intro Widget Content" is where you can upload your logo, and insert a statement about your company, who you are, what you do, etc. The "Featured Video Widget" is where you can insert a video file (YouTube, or other) that will appear on your home page - it can play in situ or - depending on the video type you insert, like YouTube for example - visitors can also click to view the video in full screen, or go to the main video display page. Any additional content you create here, if you click to "feature" it will appear in the featured content carousel directly below your main content section. There is an example Featured Content item here you can edit, copy, etc.https://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/pollsMon, 11 Oct 2021 15:01:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:1c42d474-f1a9-4433-a49a-15ba3cae88d9https://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/polls/20573/what-is-the-first-word-or-phrase-that-comes-to-mind-when-you-hear-the-word-resistorMon, 11 Oct 2021 15:01:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:795bc644-2e9a-4076-8aaf-d3d755f6ea9eDavidGazitShare with us your thoughts on the topic! What is the first word or phrase that comes to mind when you hear the word "resistor"?vishay_foil_resistorstemperature_coefficient_resistanceresistanceprecisionapplicationshermetically_sealedelectrostatic_dischargethermal_emfdesign_engineersload_life_stabilityresistorsstabilityhigh-precisionfoil_technologyhttps://community.element14.com/products/manufacturers/vpg-foil-resistors/w/polls/20574/engineers-what-type-of-application-are-you-currently-working-onMon, 11 Oct 2021 15:01:00 GMT93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:b0d1b149-b71f-4902-9475-7718e92ea4aeDavidGazitvishay_foil_resistorsprecisionmetrologyapplicationsamsaudiomilitaryautomaticdesign_engineersresistorsspaceprecision_instrumentsscaleavionicssemiconductormedicalfoil_technologyprocess_controlate