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Getting Started with the Raspberry Pi 4 Computer

cstanton — Tue, 27 Feb 2024 13:52:49 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by cstanton on 2/27/2024 1:52:49 PM

Using the New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B as a Computer.

The new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is perfect for a cheap and light PC replacement. As it runs on linux the list of supported Open Source (and mostly free) software is endless.

So... you have a Raspberry Pi 4, now what do you do? Well, Let me show you.

players.brightcove.net/.../index.html

Raspberry Pi 4 Quick Start:

1) Pick up your new Raspberry Pi

Product Name	Manufacturer
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 1GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy NowBuy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 2GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy NowBuy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 4GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy NowBuy Now

2) Pick up any Accessories you will need

A compatible MicroSD Card.
New Compatible USB C Power Supply
New Micro HDMI to HDMI Converter
New Case

Cases for previous Raspberry Pi will not fit the new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. For guidance, please check out our blog:

Which accessories are compatible with the New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

If you order an SD Card with the new version of NOOBs on it, you can skip to step 6

3) Download the newest Version of Raspbian.

Raspbian for the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/

I recommend the "Raspbian Buster with desktop and recommended software". This version will include all of the desktop favorites you need to get started including a web browser and an open source office suite.

4) Download Software which will burn your Raspbian Image to your SD Card

I recommend using Etcher, although you can use WIN32DiskImager or other programs.

This will not only copy the software onto your SD card but help partition and format your SD card correctly for the Raspbian / Linux file system.

Download here https://www.balena.io/etcher/

5) Flash Raspbian onto your SD Card with etcher.

Once you have downloaded your Raspbian Image, it will be saved in your downloads folder as a .zip or a .img file.

Insert your MicroSD card into your computer,
(if you don't have an SD card reader you can buy external USB SD Card readers)
Open Etcher
Select the Raspbian Image (Etcher can handle .zip or .img files)
Select your MicroSD Card from the list of drives.

Be very careful to select the right drive and SD Card!

Review your selections of Image and Micro SD Card and then click FLASH! on Etcher.
Once this has flashed the image, safely remove the MicroSD Card

6) Plug it in

Connect your Screens to the Micro HDMI sockets, Start with the one Marked HDMI-0
Keyboard & Mouse
Plug in your Ethernet Cable if you are using wired internet.
Insert your MicroSD Card with Raspbian
FINALLY Plug in your Power THEN turn on the power at the switch

Do not power off your Raspberry Pi without shutting it down in software first.

7) First Boot

If everything has gone OK, your Raspberry Pi will "boot" to its first screen in a minute or two. The first boot always takes longer than normal, so don't rush it.

Your Raspberry Pi will ask you to do a few things on your first boot:

Change your Admin Username and Password.
- Every Raspberry Pi comes out of the factory with the same username as password. If you connect your Pi to the internet it could be vulnerable to attack. Please change your username and password to something you will remember.
Set up your WiFi options.
- You can skip this if you want to use wired internet.

If you have a NOOBS card, once you have selected an operating system, you will have to let some components download and install at first boot.

8) Update your Pi

This is a VITAL part of any computer. For your safety online do not skip this step.

First, Go to "Terminal"

Then, you want to update the list of packages on your device by typing the following command into Terminal.

sudo apt-get update

After process has signalled it is finished in terminal, you want to update all the software on the device its self with the following command in Terminal

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Once this process is done you can close Terminal, rest assured that your Raspberry Pi is fully up to date!

9) Position your Dual 4K Monitors on the Raspberry Pi

If you are using Dual 4k Screens, the new Raspberry Pi 4 comes with a handy program in accessories called ARandR which allows you to reposition your screens in relation to the real world.

10) Enjoy your Raspberry Pi

You are now all set up!

You can click around the Start menu and have a look at what programs you have access to.

Want to know more?

Meet The New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - element14 Presents

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - Technical Specifications

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Benchmarking the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

Which accessories are compatible with the New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B?

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Default GPIO Pinout with PoE Header

Do You Know Your Pi from Pie? Raspberry Pi Quiz!

Eben Upton talks about the new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

Want to buy the new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B?

Product Name	Manufacturer
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 1GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy NowBuy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 2GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy NowBuy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 4GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy NowBuy Now

Tags: dual screen, rpi 4, raspberry pi 4 4k, raspberry pi 4, raspberry pi 4 b, raspberry pi 4 model b

Benchmarking the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

cstanton — Fri, 20 Oct 2023 18:00:45 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by cstanton on 10/20/2023 6:00:45 PM

If you are new to the element14 Community, we have historically put new models of the Raspberry Pi through their paces before, and you can read how we did so here:
Putting the New Raspberry Pi 2 to the Test

A Comprehensive Raspberry Pi 3 Benchmark

A Comprehensive Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Plus Benchmark

These tests vary from measuring its electrical draw, to assessing its processing capabilities and network connectivity, to 3D rendering. As time progresses, I tend to find more tests compiled for the ARM processor, or different ways to test the hardware. This time, I will be working to my strengths and focusing more on the areas which people prefer: networking and processing power.

I do not have an 'ideal' test setup, far from it. These tests are not completed in a laboratory with Faraday cages - this is done at my home, with my broadband internet connection (that's about 100mbit) in England, and I think that is just fine; because when you buy your Raspberry Pi, home is probably where you will also be using yours, and you will want to know that it works.

Besides, the results scale reasonably well.

We have a new processor!

The Raspberry Pi 4 brings solid changes to the System on a Chip (SoC for short), and with the rest of the board, changes that I have seen requested since the board first appeared many years back. And I will be most interested in what people will expect of the platform from now on, so now let us see what is different!

Component / Board	Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
Processor Chipset	Broadcom 2711, Quad-core Cortex-A72 64-bit ARMv8 SoC
Processor Speed	1.5Ghz per core
Video Chip	VideoCore VI at 500Mhz
Max Power Draw	3A
Wireless LAN	2.4Ghz and 5Ghz Dual-Band On-Board Antenna, supporting IEEE 802.11 b/g/n/ac
Bluetooth	Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.0
Ethernet / Local Area Network	1000mbps Gigabit (802.3ab using dedicated chip)

The SoC is in a familiar package, being topped off with the metal heat-sink-type plate that has been introduced with the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+; this allows for any heat generated to be dissipated a lot more easily than the usual black ceramic enclosure found on earlier models.

The processor has been created with a 28 nano-meter lithographic process - this is new for the Raspberry Pi, and it basically means a processing performance increase, as the smaller components are, the more components can be fit into the space. This means that the VideoCore, the main graphics component of the processor, has been upgraded to the VideoCore VI, and it is 100Mhz faster than its previous version the VideoCore IV. The ARM CPU has been switched out from the Cortex-A53 to the improved Cortex-A72, with a further 100Mhz speed increase to 1.5Ghz from the old 1.4Ghz.

This all means that, ultimately, we need more power. The USB-C connector supplies the much needed 3 amps at 5 volts, though there's no sign of support of negotiating 'QuickCharge' higher voltage or amp pull from new USB ports, so you may be limited to using the dedicated power supply for this board rather than your new smartphone mobile charger or connecting it to the latest USB 3.1 port on your computer.

Comparing the Pi 4 Model B against its Predecessors

Section	Raspberry Pi 4 Model B	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.1	Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
Model Name	ARMv7 Processor rev 3 (v7l)	ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)	ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)	ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)	ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)
Instruction Features	half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32	half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32	half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32	half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm	half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls
CPU Part	0xd08	0xd03	0xd03	0xc07	0xb76
Hardware	BCM2835	BCM2835	BCM2709	BCM2709	BCM2708
Revision	c03111	a020d3	a02082	a01041	0010
CPU Max Mhz	1500.0000	1400.0000	1200.0000	900.0000	700.0000
CPU Min Mhz	600.0000	600.0000	600.0000	600.0000	700.0000
BogoMIPS	108.00	89.60	76.80	57.60	2.00
Model	7	4
Stepping	r0p3

The outputs in the chart are combined from 'cpuinfo' and 'lscpu', both are Linux commands for pulling information from the processor. It also provides a basic benchmark, 'BogoMIPS' which is one of the more unscientific benchmarks available for measuring the CPU speed that Linux can do when it is doing absolutely nothing.

The lscpu command under Raspbian reported a new section for the BCM2711 processor, 'stepping'. I checked this against previous lscpu outputs for the other models of Pi and it hasn't been reported before, this time it was reported with a value of 'r0p3'. I also noticed it now provides its "Vendor ID" as ARM.

I found it interesting that it reports as a revision behind the chip used in the Pi 3 Model B+, though we see a consistent use of the 'Model' parameter, this time set to '7'.

The commands I used can be installed and run on your own installation of Raspbian, the following commands will set this up for you:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install lscpu cpuinfo lshw

What's that? True Gigabit Ethernet? USB 3.0?

Yes, we are finally there. To some it was a wretched component of the Raspberry Pi which held it back over the years, and the shared speed between the 100mbps Ethernet and USB 2.0 hub is no more.

USB is now handled thanks to the Via Labs 805 chip, supporting USB 3.0 revision 1.0, and a few additional features that we can only assume might make their way onto the hardware in the future, such as the PCI Express 2.0 support, or the ability to have 2 more USB 3.0 ports - because at present we only have two. Still, it is a step in the right direction.

Broadcom are providing the 1000BASE-T IEEE 802.3ab Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) chip, but fortunately the BCM54213PE supports 100mbps and 10mbps if you need the fall back to the slower days, and we haven't lost the ability to use the Power over Ethernet (PoE) HATPower over Ethernet (PoE) HAT.

About that VideoCore VI...

Some people are very, very sleuth-y. About a year ago, Michael Larabel wrote on a website called phoronix about the VideoCore V being mentioned, and yet no signs of it anywhere, yet there was a hint at a VideoCore VI on github. I will not be going down the rabbit hole of breadcrumb trails here to find all of the references, though it is worth mentioning that there are hints of support not only for OpenCL but also Vulkan, the OpenGL library.

Vulkan is a library set which allows optimised rendering of 3D with little CPU overhead; basically, faster, nicer, more efficient. One day we may be benchmarking that on the Raspberry Pi.

With the introduction of a speed increase on the main graphics chip, we also have the functionality of supporting two 4k (that's 3840 x 2160 pixels) resolution screens over HDMI. Using two at once reduces the update rate of the screen to 30 times per second, which is pretty slow, but it is suitable for day to day computer work.

Using one screen means you can run at 60 updates per second, 4kp60, and your second screen can actually then run at 1080p60 - which means you won't necessarily lose out on the high update rate, and maybe you are not lucky enough to run with two high resolution screens anyway.

If you are not familiar with updates per second, or hertz, or refresh rate: basically if your computer can render, say, a game at 60 frames per second, and your screen can only update at 30 frames per second, your screen is going to look slow and not silky smooth and natural. It will be your call as to what you prefer.

The VideoCore VI is also running 100Mhz faster, and while this means that it can run a little hotter, it should give us more power to render 3D environments faster and better, overall improving the experience.

It is worth noting that there are some settings which you need to be aware of with 'raspi-config'. Enabling 4k output over HDMI will disable the analog video, the composite out over the 3.5mm jack; however thanks to raspi-config we can also disable the analog video, and we can disable 4k output over HDMI at the same time. At the moment I am not entirely sure what that allows us to do, perhaps it frees up some internal GPIO on the processor?

How Fast can it Render?

There are a series of tests which I have yet to get the opportunity to test on the older Raspberry Pi boards, though rest assured I certainly can, and those are to verify the render speed of the Raspberry Pi's VideoCore under various circumstances and environments.

One such test for how fast the VideoCore can render can be a tool called 'glxgears', though if you do not pass it an environmental parameter, you will quickly find that the amount of frames per second that the utility can render is limited by the refresh rate of the screen (this would be a good test of whether 4kp30 is actually updating the screen 30 times a second, someone buy me a 4k screen? as it should limit it to 30fps) so I typically turn this setting off to get an idea for the amount of frames that can be rendered.

We're getting about 1100fps with glxgears, which is a pretty solid result. This uses the OpenGL library to render a set of three cogs that rotate to the screen. Now, it has been mentioned that the VideoCore is capable of OpenGLES, OpenCL and Vulkan, and this means that we should be able to render a whole lot more than just three cogs. In fact, most of you reading this have probably played Minecraft at some point, and that involves cubes, shapes and textures, and those encapsulate different mechanisms in 3D rendering and memory.

There is a test we can run which will put the VideoCore through its functionality a little bit more, and that is glmark2. At the moment, glmark2 only supports OpenGL/ES 2.0 rather than OpenGLES 3.0, though it is a step in the right direction. It can be compiled on your computer of choice, I compiled it with opengl, x11 and opengl es support. Trying to run glmark2 in OpenGL mode on the Pi 4 crashed, which is not surprising as it does not fully support the instruction set, however running it in OpenGLES was fine.

In general, so long as the FPS (frames per second) is higher than your monitors refresh rate (typically 60hz, so 60fps) then we are onto a good framerate rendered to the screen. In the results here we can see that some areas certainly fall lower than that. These tests are particularly rendering particular features of OpenGLES individually, so combined and pushing a larger amount of vertices or polygons, as graphics are made up of, with these features will probably bring the render speed down, the 'terrain' and 'refract' tests struggled to make the grade. In these results we would also prefer 'frametime' to be smaller, while FPS is higher.

This test was also done with default settings, so the rendering area wasn't 1920x1080, it was more like 800x600; this rendering resolution will have an effect on the benchmark as well - so it is certainly an area you could play about with and compare!

You can find some example scores to compare against here and here, and we will have a good idea of how this score shapes up when it is compared against other models from the past and in the future. Give it a go?

If anyone can get Quake 3 Arena compiled to work on it, let me know and we will have a 1v1 instagib tournament match!

Testing the Processor Speed

The tools which I use to put the CPU through its paces are tried and tested methods of speed testing; we run it on one core, then up to 4 cores of the processor, and do simple tests like "how fast can it compute prime numbers?" through to "how fast can it literally count?"

The results from these tests are often returned in measurements of time, and typically lower values are better, unless we are measuring how fast information is transferred at once, in which case higher numbers are better.

SysBench

This software tells the processor to compute prime numbers, and it has been covered before. What we're interested in here is the total time taken for each model of the Raspberry Pi to have taken to compute the numbers, the lower value the better.

We also have values such as the minimum amount of time it took to compute a single number, the max amount of time and the average amount of time overall. These nuances give us insights into how variable performing an action on the computer that is the Pi can take, since Linux can distract the board from what we want it to do.

It is easy to see that the newest model of the Raspberry Pi is taking the lead; compared to the previous model it is still faster if only by a small amount, perhaps we are starting to see a plateau in performance as we hit Moore's Law versus processor temperature.

There is still significant improvement in the time when we are computing numbers in parallel on each processor core instead of on a single core.

I will admit that these results are a little trickier to present and interpret, especially as the Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ just takes that much more time to execute the times, so let us break this down a little.

"1T Min" - this is where, on a single thread, each board took the minimum amount of time to calculate a number. And we can see the clear cascade, as even in "1T Avg" which is the average time overall on all calculations, that the Pi 4 Model B takes the crown, even in "4T Min" and "4T Avg" which is where it is processed on four threads, and it is on average faster.

However, we are seeing some interesting results for the maximum amount of time taken with 1T (one thread) and 4T (four threads). The maximum amount of time taken is less on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B; perhaps there is just something about the processor core which is better at computing these numbers in that model of board? Still, it doesn't win by much.

nBench

This is a method of testing the processor that is almost lost to the sands of time, I retrieved the source code for this one from the archive of the internet purely because I love that it compares it against old computer chips (the original sites are now very dead).

Taken from the original documentation:

"The emulated floating-point benchmark includes routines that are similar to those that would be executed whenever a system performs floating-point operations in the absence of a coprocessor. In general, this amounts to a mixture of integer instructions, including shift operations, integer addition and subtraction, and bit testing (among others)."

This refers to the 'fp emulation' test in the chart; I wonder if something was broken in the Raspbian I ran this test on, as sometimes I am forced to run a pre-release build of Raspbian that is basically a development version.

Still, the 'numeric sort' and 'string sort' tests are those which should be self explanatory: it's the amount of time taken to sort numbers, letters and characters, and less is better. nBench has more tests, I decided that posting the ones that stood out would be better.

MemTester

This is a utility used to check if your system memory is faulty, and it can still be a good check of how long it takes to check out your memory. Lower is typically better, and we can see that the new Pi really takes a chunk off the time.

In these tests we only check the first 256 megabytes of RAM - since not all boards have the same amount (especially with the new board having up to four gigabytes!) we can still see a significant difference.

Being able to check through memory faster is important, because information is copied to/from memory, not only calculations that we do, but also when we run software and copy files it is usually copied into memory first and then sent on its way - so when you are doing network transfers, we still touch on memory in some way.

NEON Speed Test

I have previously mentioned Neon; it is a technology that was introduced to ARM7 processors to improve the multimedia experience by accelerating audio and video encoding/decoding along with rendering. It has some uses in signal processing as well.

Not all of the Raspberry Pi models have this functionality, and it is measured in how many floating point (decimal) operations per second it can perform - so higher is better.

I may have to look up an updated version of Roy's Benchmark Test to continue to use in the future, as the ARMv8 architecture supports 64bit Neon instructions, and I think this test was only meant for 32 bit.

Either way, you can expect better performing multimedia on your hardware once you have this in your hands - which should come as no surprise as the VideoCore VI supports h265 decoding!

Taking Advantage of the Gigabit Ethernet

I will admit that I have been most excited about the networking on the Raspberry Pi; after the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ introduced its gigabit-a-like over USB 2.0, everyone has been hankering for true gigabit ethernet. Although the adapter is called gigabit, you can actually expect speeds of 125 megaBYTEs per second in ideal conditions.

The speed of the ability to transfer over gigabit ethernet is also restricted by the speed of the hardware you are transferring to and from, and the capability of the speed of the cable between the hardware involved in between the Raspberry Pi and the source of the data.

In the transfer tests, I had to save a file from a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server to the Raspberry Pi onto different devices, I used a Solid State Disk connected via USB 3.0, a USB Pen Drive which boasted 'high write speeds' that supports USB 3.1, and also saving to the microSD card in the Raspberry Pi itself, this SDCard being a Sandisk Edge HC U 1.

I did not benchmark transferring files from the Raspberry Pi to the FTP server; however, I did transfer files from the Raspberry Pi and read speeds are definitely faster than write speeds with this hardware and start saturating the gigabit ethernet a lot more.

You can see how I set up this scenario in my past benchmark A Comprehensive Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Plus Benchmark under the sections "Testing Network Throughput" and "Setting up the Tests".

Results

The Raspberry Pi 4 has seen a change in the wireless LAN, and to many it is a subtle one. The antennas on previous models were either ceramic or a trace on the board. Now we are seeing a new design of antenna, and I believe it is having an effect on WiFi throughput and connectivity. At 2.4Ghz the WiFi adapter connected at 54mbps, so we are seeing speeds we would expect in the file transfer, though compared to the Pi 3 Model B+ we are seeing improved write speeds to the SDCard that are similar to the SSD, so the limiting factor there is now the 802.11g wireless LAN standard.

Raspberry Pi Zero W On-board Antenna

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B On-board Antenna

5Ghz data transfers have really suffered, only connecting at 180mbps (out of a maximum 300mbps); the write speeds are generally good when writing to the USB 3.0 SSD device as opposed to the SDCard, and as clever as the on-board antenna is that was introduced with the Raspberry Pi Zero, I think we should return to the one used on the Raspberry Pi 3 B+, as here are the transfer speeds for comparison:

What about Ethernet?

There you go. If you are using the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B as a network attached storage, you will want to get yourself a USB 3.0 device that has a high or fast write speed, as well as a high/fast read speed. Although the SSD I was using was rated up to 400mbps, the interface to it certainly was not up to the task, and it was actually the USB 3.1 pen drive that was maxed out at 400mbps write speed. You will have to take my word for it that the read speeds really were not a problem.

SDCard is still a lynch pin, if that is all you are relying on for your storage you are really not going to take advantage of the fast new connectivity, even if you are using it via wireless LAN. So you may want to consider booting entirely from USB and running your operating system from it with SDCard as a safety fall back.

Now, what is the fastest USB 3.0 device for write speed? Let me know in the comments!

Something odd with USB Ethernet

As part of previous tests I compared the on-board ethernet controller with one attached via USB. This USB attached ethernet adapter is USB 3.0 and rated at gigabit ethernet speeds, and in fact it performed better than the on-board ethernet because the USB 2.0 bus was faster than ethernet over USB 2.0.

This device is a TRENDnet TU3-ETG/EUNL v1.0R.

It is pretty well known, and in previous versions of Raspbian, it has worked well and has been well supported. However, something has changed, so although I have a category 5e rated cable, which works at gigabit speeds, I could not get faster than 100mbps speeds from it. I thought it might have been because I was transferring data through the VIA chip from USB 3.0 ethernet to USB 3.0 storage, however the speed limit was experienced directly to the SDCard as well, so this cannot be the case.

In the chart (which I used to create the graphs from above) we can see the significant difference in speeds: every test for USB to <x> is under the amount we would expect, while on-board to <x> are around the speeds we would expect, and they max out the write speeds of the hardware.

Hopefully, when Raspbian is updated in the future, perhaps this adapter will start working again at its full speeds, but for now on the Pi 4 it is relegated to 100mbps throughput, which is a shame if you choose to use your device as a gigabit throughput proxy server or firewall in your network, as it will quickly become the bottleneck.

Seriously, Keep this Cool and in a Case

In 2016 element14 Community member bwelsby put together a design for a 3D printed case for the Raspberry Pi. This design is intended to put the hardware through its paces when running the application 'stress' which puts the processor under an arbitrary load for the purpose of 'stress testing,' and in this instance it is being used to test the thermal properties and throttling of the Raspberry Pi.

The 3D printed case, in combination with heatsinks situated on the necessary chips on the board, and fans attached to the case, give a great baseline for checking the temperature and processor speed on each second that has passed in the test.

It has been a long held belief with the Raspberry Pi hardware that you can 'just run it without a heatsink or fan' and it will 'just work.' To some extent this is entirely true, but it is not without consequences. Just as you now require a suitable and beefy power supply, rather than running the hardware from a USB port belonging to a laptop, to maintain that sweet, sweet 1.5Ghz processor speed, you need to consider adequate cooling. Furthermore, you also need to consider cooling if you're going to enclose the Raspberry Pi in a case, and this is even the advisement in the documents from Raspberry Pi Trading.

If you are using the Raspberry Pi without a case, here is an example of the temperature you can expect when the hardware is at room temperature after being powered down. The alignment is slightly off because the camera can only align properly at about 1 metre:

The high temperatures here are false reflections on the metal connectors from my body heat and other sources, the actual temperature of the board is more towards the 22-24 deg C range as denoted by the colour variations.

Now with the hardware idle in Raspbian:

A mere 49.9 deg C, though one fact we know is that when the hardware is not under load, it scales back the processing speed to 600Mhz. So what does it look like under load when the processor is busy?

You can see previous thermal images at A Comprehensive Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Plus Benchmark

The board certainly heats up, the white spot is supposed to be in line with the central processor at 75.7 deg C, though this is the external temperature, and it is having to go through a piece of appropriate tape tacked onto the processor chip because the emissivity of the metal will otherwise just reflect any heat source nearby into the thermal camera instead of from the source. Now, this isn't the temperature the chip internally is experiencing, and we can go into detail to see what that is like.

Taking photographs of my screen is not something I make a habit of, but I did not want to interrupt the benchmarking for it to take a print of the screen - if you do not provide adequate cooling, then you are going to start seeing this symbol appear in the top right of your screen:

This symbol means that the hardware has reached its ideal limit, and it will have to start employing 'thermal throttling,' which is where the speed of the computer will be slowed down in an attempt to keep it cool and functional. This starts to happen between 81 deg C and 83 deg C.

Results of the Thermal Testing

After about two and a half minutes of heavy processor load, without even pushing the network or graphics processor, we started to see the Raspberry Pi throttle the processor speed, dropping from 1.5Ghz to 1.0Ghz, a loss of 500Mhz speed. We can see what kind of effect this does have on the VideoCore in the following screenshot, where we are also transferring files and doing a brief test with glxgears:

This speed loss set itself in place after about four and a half minutes, where we begin to see the next 'fight' in speed decrease, the speed now starts dropping from 1Ghz to 700Mhz - and it is not long until after seven minutes we see the drop down to 600Mhz.

So what we're seeing is that, after a solid 7 minutes where the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is situated in a case, without a fan or heatsink, to protect itself the device slows itself down to the speed of a Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. While there will still be some performance benefit, we are talking about a four core processor after all, we are losing out on over 900Mhz of performance per processor core.

Time to Cool Off

After 3D printing the case, I wanted to use some pretty good thermal paste and heatsinks, I have used these before for my tests, and they claim to be industrial diamond thermal compound and heatsinks - apparently diamond has better thermal properties due to its structure than aluminium (so no silver paste here).

After installing a rather neat and small processor fan that runs from the 5v line, and the heatsink and thermal compound, I am ready to run the stress tests again.

Some slight modification to the 3D print was necessary due to the form factor change of the Raspberry Pi, and also moving the fan into place did not go without minor incident, still, this should be fine.

It is like a night and day difference, the temperature of the processor maintains a steady 50-55 deg C and the processor speed is a solid 1.5Ghz.

You might be wondering what the drop off is at the end of the graph; this is because the Raspberry Pi idles at 600Mhz and only increases its processor speed when it is instructed to perform an intensive task, so this means that the board only uses as much power as it needs to, when it needs to, so we see a drop off at 600Mhz when the test is done.

Now I wondered: how much help the heatsink was actually providing to these tests, so I cleaned up the processor and ran the test with only a fan:

We still see a solid performance from the processor, so we are not hitting the thermal limit before throttling occurs, however we are now running 10 degrees hotter at about 60-65 deg C, and frankly there was a smell from the warm electronics in the case.

If you are going to enclose your Raspberry Pi, or frankly even if you are not, I would highly recommend having active cooling on your board at the bare minimum. Having a heatsink on the board is going to make the hardware happier and live longer, especially with the 28nm manufacturing process that is now used.

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - The Network Attached Storage you asked for

I would say that the Raspberry Pi is finally 'there;' it is the powerful little computer that was first released to the world in 2011, and now 8 years later has picked up the pace to be a suitable replacement for your desktop computer. At 4k resolution desktop, a graphics processor that can decode 4k 60fps h265 video and resolutions below, with gigabit ethernet and wireless LAN connectivity that will get you on the internet at reasonable speeds everywhere, we are now actually waiting for the write speeds of storage to catch up.

That is funny, waiting on something to catch up to the Raspberry Pi!

Whether it is for multimedia in the home running Kodi / OpenELEC or you are using it as a Steam Link - I think you will be hard pushed to be disappointed with Raspberry Pi Trading's new offering.

Just make sure you are keeping it cool to get the most out of it.

Any questions? Let us know in the comments below. Want to see more benchmarks from the Raspberry Pi? Is there something I should have done differently? Or would you rather see them all in the same place? Let me know!

If you want to find out more about the Raspberry Pi 4, be sure to check the links at the top of the document!

Thanks for reading.

NEW! Raspberry Pi 4

Tags: raspberry pi 4 benchmark, raspberry pi thermal throttling, raspberry pi 4 thermal throttling, raspberry pi 4 thermal

A Comprehensive Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Plus Benchmark

cstanton — Fri, 20 Oct 2023 17:49:00 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by cstanton on 10/20/2023 5:49:00 PM

In 2016, I managed to get my hands on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, and now I have been fortuitous to get my hands on the new Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+, and of course it makes sense to push it through the same, gruelling benchmarks as its predecessors. You can read the previous benchmark blog here: A Comprehensive Raspberry Pi 3 Benchmark.

I have managed to use the same benchmark software as before, Roy Longbottom's benchmark collection still exists, fortunately. Though nBench - a really old benchmarking tool which was used back on the AMD K6-400 and such range of processors, is not so easy to acquire anymore. Produced by BYTE magazine, it can be compiled for the Raspberry Pi and other boards. Thanks to the web archive you can find the previous benchmarks along with a download of the source code.

While the main processor of the Raspberry Pi changes from each iteration, the VideoCore IV doesn't really change, and I've yet to see any real benchmarking software to try it out. So if anyone's aware of a suitable benchmarking tool or software, then I'll run it on each version of the Pi and try it out. Though I will admit, running glxgears with vertical sync' turned off did show some interesting results. A true benchmark of the VideoCore wouldn't only test the processing power of it though, it would also test settings such as texture capability, texture throughput and vertices rendering.

What's New in the Pi 3 Model B+?

You're likely already familiar with the specifications of the Raspberry Pi. So let's go over what's new in the Pi 3 Model B+ :

Component / Board	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
Processor Chipset	BCM 2837B0 64bit ARMv8 Cortex A53 Quad Core
Processor Speed	1.4Ghz per core
Max Power Draw	2.5A
Wireless LAN	2.4Ghz and 5Ghz Dual-Band Antenna, supporting IEEE 802.11 b/g/n/ac
Bluetooth	Supports Bluetooth 4.2, Bluetooth
Ethernet / Local Area Network	Up to 300mbps (802.3ab over USB 2.0)

The new Raspberry Pi processor is still following the trend of supporting 64bit, though we're still waiting for Raspbian to catch up and run as a 64bit distribution. Being fair to Raspbian, Debian arm64 is still picking up the pace to be fully supported and its full time release was only recently with Debian 8, Jessie.

Identifying the Processor

There are a few commands we can run to get information from the processor, this tells us the features and instruction sets it supports, the command in this case is cpuinfo:

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B	cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) Features: half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 Hardware : BCM2835 Revision : a020d3	model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 Hardware : BCM2709 Revision : a02082	model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 Hardware : BCM2709 Revision : a01041	model name : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l) Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xb76 CPU revision : 7 Hardware : BCM2708 Revision : 0010

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

Features:

half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xd03

CPU revision : 4

Hardware : BCM2835

Revision : a020d3

model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

Features :

half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xd03

CPU revision : 4

Hardware : BCM2709

Revision : a02082

model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)

Features :

half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xc07

CPU revision : 5

Hardware : BCM2709

Revision : a01041

model name : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)

Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xb76

CPU revision : 7

Hardware : BCM2708

Revision : 0010

The processor is running in ARMv7 due to the 32bit version of Raspbian that's running on the processor. The Model B+ carries across the new features of the processor as the Model B.

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	lscpu - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B	lscpu - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
Architecture: armv7l Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 Model: 4 Model name: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) CPU max MHz: 1400.0000 CPU min MHz: 600.0000	Architecture: armv7l Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 Model name: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) CPU max MHz: 1200.0000 CPU min MHz: 600.0000	Architecture: armv7l Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 Model name: ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) CPU max MHz: 900.0000 CPU min MHz: 600.0000	Architecture: armv6l Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 1 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 1 Model name: ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l) CPU max MHz: 700.0000 CPU min MHz: 700.0000

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

Architecture: armv7l

Byte Order: Little Endian

CPU(s): 4

On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3

Thread(s) per core: 1

Core(s) per socket: 4

Socket(s): 1

Model: 4

Model name: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

CPU max MHz: 1400.0000

CPU min MHz: 600.0000

Architecture: armv7l

Byte Order: Little Endian

CPU(s): 4

On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3

Thread(s) per core: 1

Core(s) per socket: 4

Socket(s): 1

Model name: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

CPU max MHz: 1200.0000

CPU min MHz: 600.0000

Architecture: armv7l

Byte Order: Little Endian

CPU(s): 4

On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3

Thread(s) per core: 1

Core(s) per socket: 4

Socket(s): 1

Model name: ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)

CPU max MHz: 900.0000

CPU min MHz: 600.0000

Architecture: armv6l

Byte Order: Little Endian

CPU(s): 1

On-line CPU(s) list: 0

Thread(s) per core: 1

Core(s) per socket: 1

Socket(s): 1

Model name: ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)

CPU max MHz: 700.0000

CPU min MHz: 700.0000

lscpu is returning an additional parameter of 'Model' with the latest version of Raspbian, either lscpu has been updated or we're getting more information from the processor this time around.

If you want to run these commands yourself on your Raspberry Pi with Raspbian then you can make sure you have them installed thusly:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install lscpu cpuinfo lshw

From a terminal window either within your desktop environment or from pressing CTRL-ALT-F1 (to F7, typically).

Revisiting the Benchmarks of Old

Power Usage

You can find some strange little devices that will plug in line with your USB hardware and it will tell you the most useful of things, such as how much power is being drawn! So I thought "sweet! Let's see how much power these draw while idle!" - using an in-line USB device I had to hand, I've literally copied the output from the device. Not all of the results are relevant for the wired connection we're using.

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

	4.94	V		2.865	W
	0.58	A		00656	mAh

	5.19	V		1.141	W
	0.22	A		00006	mAh

	5.19	V		1.038	W
	0.20	A		00102	mAh

	5.19	V		0.986	W
	0.19	A		00003	mAh

These values are how much power the Raspberry Pi is pulling from the power supply, each Raspberry Pi was set to boot to the terminal, so that the X windows environment was not running. The only devices connected were a HDMI to DVI adapter to a 19" Widescreen monitor, a Dell USB keyboard, a 16gByte Class 10 microSD card and the power supply, which was providing 5 Volts, 2 Amps. There was no ethernet cable plugged in (though I can note that when it was, the power usage went up in all cases).

The boards were all tested using the Official Raspberry Pi 2.5A, 5V power supplyRaspberry Pi 2.5A, 5V power supply , though the readings acquired above were not (since I didn't in the last benchmark tests). Although the Raspberry Pi can sort of run on 500mA, 5V and a lot of people do so from either a laptop USB port or a 'phone charger'. If you're trying to get any serious kind of use from the Raspberry Pi, and you're trying to narrow down problems you're experiencing with it, you want to ensure it's using a 'known good' and reliable power supply like the Official power supply unit, and really I am not just saying that, the thunderbolt icon for low power (or the rainbow icon in the corner) is pretty frustrating and it's likely your Raspberry Pi will slow itself down because it cannot be provided with enough power.

That being said, we're seeing the Model B+ reported a drop in voltage at idle than its previous counterparts, with a significant increase in current, it's almost double. The Pi3 B+ sees a new circuit to handle power management, and we see later in this blog that the Pi 3 Model B+ runs as hot when idle as the original Pi 1 Model B at full load as well.

SysBench

Now this software has been around since 2004, it was originally intended for input/output (io) file operations and database benchmarking. Thanks to being open source it gradually developed into an almost all-round system benchmark which also includes aspects of processor testing as well as IO and databases.

SysBench's processor tests verify prime numbers by going through all possible divisions and only being satisfied when the result is zero. This does mean that it does not test all features of the processor, except for raw number crunching. SysBench was ran with the following parameters:

sysbench --num-threads=1 --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --validate run

sysbench --num-threads=4 --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --validate run

Here is a breakdown of the command line parameters:

sysbench - The name of the software to run

--num-threads - This is the number of processes to run, in the tests we run 1 thread and then 4 threads, this means that it will create 1 or 4 processes and run one process per core. Since the Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ has one core it made sense to run a one core test on each model of Raspberry Pi for fairness alongside running 4 threads.

--test=cpu - This parameter ensures we are only testing the processor, as mentioned previously SysBench can perform other tests, too

--cpu-max-prime - This is the maximum prime number value we want to calculate up to.

--validate - This ensures that the results we have returned are valid

run - The software can emulate or test rather than actually perform the requested benchmark, so we want to tell it to actually run it.

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

Total time 318.9072 s

per request	statistics
min	31.87	ms
avg	31.89	ms
max	74.92	ms

diff between min and max

43.05 ms

Total time 477.0617 s

per request	statistics
min	47.69	ms
avg	47.7	ms
max	49.91	ms

diff between min and max

2.22 ms

Total time 768.6476 s

per request	statistics
min	76.42	ms
avg	76.86	ms
max	82.15	ms

diff between min and max

5.73 ms

Total time 1318.933 s

per request	statistics
min	131.59	ms
avg	131.89	ms
max	300.23	ms

diff between min and max

168.64 ms

sysbench with 4 threads - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

sysbench with 4 threads - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

sysbench with 4 threads - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

sysbench with 3 threads - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

Total time 79.5341 s

per request	statistics
min	31.62	ms
avg	31.80	ms
max	32.06	ms

diff between min and max

0.44 s

Total time 92.8556 s

per request	statistics
min	36.89	ms
avg	46.42	ms
max	106.52	ms

diff between min and max

69.63 ms

Total time 145.1134 s

per request	statistics
min	57.52	ms
avg	72.53	ms
max	149.25	ms

diff between min and max

91.73 ms

Total time 1321.493 s

per request	statistics
min	412.94	ms
avg	528.54	ms
max	573	ms

diff between min and max

160.06 ms

It should be noted that I have a pre-release version of Raspbian to support the Pi 3 B+ in this instance and there's definitely something amiss with the max amount of time it took to calculate a prime number on sysbench for a single core process, we can clearly see that the minimum amount of time per request is lower than the Pi 3 B, and that's what we would expect to happen. After running sysbench a few times the total time decreased overall, this test should be run again after the official release of Raspbian for the Pi 3 B+ and any kinks are sorted out. Alternatively, we could point the finger at the introduction of SystemD in the linux system (many would).

nBench

I thought it would be good to include this for retro' computing sake, especially considering that the Raspberry Pi is intended to be going back to the roots of learning how to code and programme with a capable hands-on computer platform. nBench has been around for so long that you can compare these benchmark results against older processors such as the 386 and even 486 based processors right up to the Intel Core i7. It can even run on Android.

The software is intended to test three main components of the processor, the capabilities of the CPU (Central Processing Unit), FPU (Floating Point Unit) and memory system. You can find more information on this site. Once you have compiled nBench then it is simply ran with a single command of what the program is called. In the results, the higher the number, the better, as it is the number of iterations it can perform per second, summarised.

nbench - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

nbench - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

nbench - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

nbench - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

memory index	8.100
integer index	11.101
floating-point index	10.067

memory index	7.105
integer index	8.976
floating-point index	7.601

memory index	4.186
integer index	5.812
floating-point index	4.526

memory index	2.501
integer index	3.208
floating-point index	1.884

Since I threw this benchmark in for fun, here are some other processors that have taken the same benchmark, to put these in perspective:

nbench - AMD K7 Thunderbird

nbench - Pentium 3 900Mhz

nbench - LG Optimus GT540

memory index	9.473
integer index	6.744
floating-point index	12.501

memory index	3.930
integer index	3.649
floating-point index	9.631

memory index	1.171
integer index	1.691
floating-point index	0.489

MemTester

This software is mainly intended to diagnose or test your system RAM (Random Access Memory). You can read more about it in its man page on linux. In this test I have put a limit on it, it is to only test 256mByte of RAM. This helps to make it a fair test across the different models of Raspberry Pi. If you are not aware, the Raspberry Pi shares its system RAM with the VideoCore processor, and it is not really recommended to deny the VideoCore processor from using any of the RAM available. So that means we cannot test the entire 512mByte or 1gByte of RAM available on the Pi 1 or Pi 2 and 3.

Memtester by itself does not time how long it takes to check the amount of memory we specify. However, we can set how many times it does it. There is also a command in Linux called 'time' which, when used in conjunction with a command, tells us how long it has taken for the command to run. Using this simple command we can check how long it has taken to test 256mByte of RAM on each Raspberry Pi:

sudo (time memtester 256M 1) 1> memtester.txt

Raspberry Pi Board	Time Taken
1 Model B+	76 minutes 23.296 seconds
2 Model B	23 minutes 39.07 seconds
3 Model B	8 minutes 37.078 seconds
3 Model B+	7 minutes 47.683 seconds

It amazes me how even with an iteration revision the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ manages to be faster yet again.

Roy's Benchmark Collection

Memory Reading Speed Test 32bit Version 4 (memSpeedPiA6)

Memory KBytes Used	Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B	Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192	930 1939 1828 1778 1778 1779 1779 1148 1194 1102 1197	1523 1641 1523 1524 1524 1525 1409 1094 1075 1023 1071	1015 1015 1016 930 853 853 682 393 310 301 307	602 538 292 262 176 142 132 134 134 136 134

Memory KBytes Used

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

128

256

512

1024

2048

4096

8192

930

1939

1828

1778

1779

1148

1194

1102

1197

1523

1641

1523

1524

1525

1409

1094

1075

1023

1071

1015

1016

930

853

682

393

310

301

307

602

538

292

262

176

142

132

134

136

134

When benchmarking on an operating system it's often difficult to seclude other processes from interfering, in the numbers here it's interesting to see that the speed has a little difficulty moving data around at 8kB, and we see again between the Pi 3B and the Pi 3B+ that the 512kB chunk point starts to hit performance.

NEON Speed Test v1.0

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

NEON technology was added with the Raspberry Pi 2. This increase in speed result should mean that the Pi 3 is faster at handling calculations relating to video, vector graphics rendering (so gaming and 3D) and potentially audio processing. Again it is interesting to see the point at which the performance starts to fall off.

There was also another NEON related test, which was the Linpack Single Precision Benchmark. This related the speed to MFLOPS, The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ shows a 17% speed increase over the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, and a 80% speed increase over the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B.

Pi 2 : 299.93 MFLOPS

Pi 3 B : 462.07 MFLOPS

Pi 3 B+ : 539.68 MFLOPS

Networking the Raspberry Pi

Two years ago the Pi Foundation introduced us to networking the Raspberry Pi using wireless technologies thanks to on board wireless local area network (WLAN) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) with the Pi 3 model B, with the Pi 3 Model B+ we're seeing a significant standards upgrade for all of the networking components. Not only has the wired local area network (LAN) been upgraded thanks to a new USB 2.0 chip, so has the WLAN chip.

Ethernet on the Raspberry Pi 3 will now run up to 300 megabits per second, technically speaking this is gigabit Ethernet (802.3ab) and it is limited by the throughput speed of USB 2.0 (approx. 480mbit/sec), this is still a significant increase from the 100 megabits per second (802.3u) seen on every previous Raspberry Pi.

The introduction of 5 GHz WLAN brings us up to date with 802.11n and 802.11ac IEEE specifications, allowing the Raspberry Pi to connect on frequencies that are less congested than the over-used 2.4 GHz band which is shared with Bluetooth, most radio frequency controlled keyboards, mice, joy pads, game pads, DECT phones, and radio controlled toys, oh and microwave ovens!

The 802.11n and 802.11ac standards are also faster than the previous implementations (802.11b/g, although you can run 802.11n over 2.4Ghz it is still limited to 54 megabits per second like the previous standards), where as 802.11n/ac can go much, much higher. Typically it is limited by the implementation and how many antennas are used (utilising Multiple In, Multiple Out (MIMO) speeds in excess of 100 megabits per second through to gigabits per second are not unheard of, though unlikely on the Raspberry Pi at present).

Testing Network Throughput

With the new network adapters on the Pi 3 B+ it makes sense to put them through their paces, it has been many years since I have had access to a proper academic network testing laboratory from my University days, so instead I set up the hardware at home. To understand how I setup the core structure of this network, I felt it would help to have a rather broken-out view of the network layout (or topology):

Using a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server to test transfer speeds is, to me, the most visceral and raw test of data transfer you can do. Without encryption sat on top of the method of communication, or protocol, it is very bare bones and just takes your network connection and throws data across it. Which is what we are interested in!

It is unlikely you would strictly find a setup exactly like depicted in the diagram above like this, in your own home. Devices are not usually split into their individual components unless you are at a networking data centre, medium to large size business, or a University campus. At home you're more likely to see a device like this:

These are typically called 'gateways' though everyone calls these a 'home router' or a 'home modem', it actually integrates the wireless access points, ethernet switch, network router and cable modem in one device and is usually based around an ARM micro-controller or equivalent. Thanks Virgin Media. For the purpose of these tests we are only interested in the network to the left of the 'router' in the detailed diagram above, we do not actually 'talk' or transfer data out to the global internet with any of these tests that I have performed.

Setting up the Tests

The FTP server in the diagram is actually a desktop computer system that is used as my main computer in the house, it runs a 'Solid State Drive' (SSD) which is a storage device based on a type of memory rather than spinning metal disks, a 2.8Ghz intel Core i7 processor, gigabit ethernet and 16 gigabytes of RAM. I decided it was best to use some hardware that would not be the main restrictive component in the testing of the Raspberry Pi models.

Each Raspberry Pi model tested was then plugged into the official 2.5A, 5V power supply, keyboard, mouse and monitor screen.

A copy of the latest Raspbian image was downloaded from the RaspberryPi.org site and stored on the FTP server, this was some 1.6gByte in size as a zip file.

The file was then transferred either over the the following:

On board 2.4 GHz WLAN
On board 5 GHz WLAN
On board Ethernet (100mbps or up to 300mbps)
USB 2.4 GHz WLAN (WiPi)
USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet adapter

Thinking about it, finding a compatible 5 GHz USB WLAN adapter would have also been a good comparison test, oh well, maybe next time.

To compare the speeds, the file was then saved in the following ways:

Over FTP and saved to the SD Card
Over FTP and saved to an SSD connected to the Pi Desktop HAT via USB

If you're not familiar with the Pi Desktop, it is an enclosure and Raspberry Pi HAT which is designed to help you run your Raspberry Pi as a desktop computer (Desktop Computer Kit for Raspberry Pi ) by allowing you to connect your Raspberry Pi to an SSD and boot from it over USB. It made sense to use this as a basis of testing the file transfer as the SDCard could impose a limit on the transfer speed.

These tests were performed on the following boards:

Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ (required WiPi)
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.1 (required WiPi)
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.2 (required WiPi)
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B (2.4 GHz WLAN, no 5 GHz)
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

The test script was pretty simple. Using the linux command wget to pull the file from the FTP server, it automatically timed the download, and for a granular comparison, I set the transfer speed to megabits as opposed to megabytes. This test was performed in triplicate so I could then take an average for time and also speed. This test was then dumped to a text file.

Saving to SDCard script (script run in /home/pi):

#!/bin/bash

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget1.txt

rm image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget2.txt

rm image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget3.txt

rm image.zip

Saving to the SSD via USB:

#!/bin/bash

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget1.txt -O /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

rm /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget2.txt -O /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

rm /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget3:.txt -O /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

rm /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

The SSD had been mounted on /media/sda2. Upon connecting the HAT via USB, the command 'pmount' was used to mount it, the command had to be installed via the package manager.

The Speed Results are in!

From the early versions of the Raspberry Pi we're seeing a steady increase in data transfer speed capability. It appears that the limitation now is the transfer speed to/from the SDCard used for the Raspberry Pi, though with the introduction of the Pi 3 Model B+ we still see a speed increase between the Raspberry Pi models, it is evident that the best transfer method when using one Raspberry Pi with the Model B+ is going to be the on board ethernet, followed up closely by the 5 GHz WLAN.

The reason why I had chosen to test a USB 3.0 Ethernet adapter is that I read a blog post that advised using one because it was faster than the on board controller chip. I am pleased to say that it is now on par and there's no reason to spend money on additional hardware, unless say, you're using it as a 'firewall' or 'proxy' gateway and need the throughput.

The speeds across the boards were reasonably consistent with a few percentage of change on each run, and while there's not a lot between the Pi 3 Model B and the Pi 3 Model B+ for 2.4 GHz WLAN (and obviously using a USB Ethernet adapter), the strength of the Pi 3 Model B+ definitely shows in the new USB and Ethernet controller chip and wireless LAN chip as the speeds match and exceed the default alternative.

For your perusal, you can see the individual network speed results, along with a bonus set from an accidentally overclocked Raspberry Pi 3 Model B to 1.4GHz, the benefit of seeing this benchmark is to show that the speed of the data transfer isn't entirely locked to the processor speed alone and there have been other improvements as well.

{gallery} Network Speed Results
Raspberry Pi: 1 Model B+
Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.1
Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.2
Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B
Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B - Overclocked - Oops!
Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B+

{gallery} Network Speed Results

Raspberry Pi: 1 Model B+

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.1

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.2

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B - Overclocked - Oops!

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B+

Cool Runnings

If you were around for the Raspberry Pi 3 launch you may remember that there were photographs circulating that showed it ran a bit warm (Raspberry Pi Operating Temperature Comparison (A+, B+, Zero, Pi 2, Pi 3) ). You'll be pleased to know that with the Pi 3 Model B+ the thermal management is performing really well. With the new SoC package the processor can dissipate heat a lot better, even when it is under load.

Thanks to FLIR's C2 thermal cameraFLIR's C2 thermal camera, we're able to take photographs, and thanks to a touch of thermal tape, even the emissivity of the metal cover on the SoC managed to not get in the way (you can adjust for it with the camera, but I was taking no chances!)

{gallery} Raspberry Pi Thermal Imagery
Raspberry Pi: The original Pi 1 Model B
Raspberry Pi: 1 Model A+
Raspberry Pi: 1 Model B+
Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.2
Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.1
Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B
Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B+

{gallery} Raspberry Pi Thermal Imagery

Raspberry Pi: The original Pi 1 Model B

Raspberry Pi: 1 Model A+

Raspberry Pi: 1 Model B+

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.2

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.1

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B+

In Summary - It's Cooler and Faster

There appears to be no doubt that with each version of the Raspberry Pi there are improvements. If I was upgrading from even an original Raspberry Pi this is a significant improvement, and from the last version of Raspberry Pi, it's a very good step up.

We will soon be in a position with the Raspberry Pi, thanks to the Power over Ethernet HAT, where we can purely power and boot it from the end of an Ethernet cable. Making the device a cool, energy efficient Internet of Things capable device, or thin client. Especially with the other connectivity on board.

This appears to be an improvement that addresses those concerns a lot of people had, and I'm very interested to see where we can go from here.

What do you think? Is this fast enough for you? What improvements would you like to see and why? Or do you have any suggestions or recommendations for benchmarks that I can run? Let me know by clicking 'add comment' after registering.

NEW! Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

Tags: raspberry pi 3 model b+, raspberry pi 3 model b plus benchmark, raspberry pi 3 model b plus (b+), raspberry pi 3 model b plus (b+) benchmark

A Comprehensive Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Plus Benchmark

cstanton — Fri, 20 Oct 2023 17:47:01 GMT

Revision 2 posted to Documents by cstanton on 10/20/2023 5:47:01 PM

What's New in the Pi 3 Model B+?

You're likely already familiar with the specifications of the Raspberry Pi. So let's go over what's new in the Pi 3 Model B+ :

Component / Board	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
Processor Chipset	BCM 2837B0 64bit ARMv8 Cortex A53 Quad Core
Processor Speed	1.4Ghz per core
Max Power Draw	2.5A
Wireless LAN	2.4Ghz and 5Ghz Dual-Band Antenna, supporting IEEE 802.11 b/g/n/ac
Bluetooth	Supports Bluetooth 4.2, Bluetooth
Ethernet / Local Area Network	Up to 300mbps (802.3ab over USB 2.0)

Identifying the Processor

There are a few commands we can run to get information from the processor, this tells us the features and instruction sets it supports, the command in this case is cpuinfo:

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B	cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) Features: half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 Hardware : BCM2835 Revision : a020d3	model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7     CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 Hardware : BCM2709 Revision : a02082	model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 Hardware : BCM2709 Revision : a01041	model name : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l) Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xb76 CPU revision : 7 Hardware : BCM2708 Revision : 0010

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

cpuinfo - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

Features:

half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xd03

CPU revision : 4

Hardware : BCM2835

Revision : a020d3

model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

Features :

half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xd03

CPU revision : 4

Hardware : BCM2709

Revision : a02082

model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)

Features :

half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xc07

CPU revision : 5

Hardware : BCM2709

Revision : a01041

model name : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)

Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls

CPU implementer : 0x41

CPU architecture: 7

CPU variant : 0x0

CPU part : 0xb76

CPU revision : 7

Hardware : BCM2708

Revision : 0010

The processor is running in ARMv7 due to the 32bit version of Raspbian that's running on the processor. The Model B+ carries across the new features of the processor as the Model B.

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	lscpu - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B	lscpu - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
Architecture:          armv7l Byte Order:            Little Endian CPU(s):                4 On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3 Thread(s) per core:    1 Core(s) per socket:    4 Socket(s):             1 Model:                 4 Model name:            ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) CPU max MHz:           1400.0000 CPU min MHz:           600.0000	Architecture:          armv7l Byte Order:            Little Endian CPU(s):                4 On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3 Thread(s) per core:    1 Core(s) per socket:    4 Socket(s):             1 Model name:            ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) CPU max MHz:           1200.0000 CPU min MHz:           600.0000	Architecture:          armv7l Byte Order:            Little Endian CPU(s):                4 On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3 Thread(s) per core:    1 Core(s) per socket:    4 Socket(s):             1 Model name:            ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) CPU max MHz:           900.0000 CPU min MHz:           600.0000	Architecture:          armv6l Byte Order:            Little Endian CPU(s):                1 On-line CPU(s) list:   0 Thread(s) per core:    1 Core(s) per socket:    1 Socket(s):             1 Model name:            ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l) CPU max MHz:           700.0000 CPU min MHz:           700.0000

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

lscpu - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

Architecture:          armv7l

Byte Order:            Little Endian

CPU(s):                4

On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3

Thread(s) per core:    1

Core(s) per socket:    4

Socket(s):             1

Model:                 4

Model name:            ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

CPU max MHz:           1400.0000

CPU min MHz:           600.0000

Architecture:          armv7l

Byte Order:            Little Endian

CPU(s):                4

On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3

Thread(s) per core:    1

Core(s) per socket:    4

Socket(s):             1

Model name:            ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)

CPU max MHz:           1200.0000

CPU min MHz:           600.0000

Architecture:          armv7l

Byte Order:            Little Endian

CPU(s):                4

On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3

Thread(s) per core:    1

Core(s) per socket:    4

Socket(s):             1

Model name:            ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)

CPU max MHz:           900.0000

CPU min MHz:           600.0000

Architecture:          armv6l

Byte Order:            Little Endian

CPU(s):                1

On-line CPU(s) list:   0

Thread(s) per core:    1

Core(s) per socket:    1

Socket(s):             1

Model name:            ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)

CPU max MHz:           700.0000

CPU min MHz:           700.0000

lscpu is returning an additional parameter of 'Model' with the latest version of Raspbian, either lscpu has been updated or we're getting more information from the processor this time around.

If you want to run these commands yourself on your Raspberry Pi with Raspbian then you can make sure you have them installed thusly:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install lscpu cpuinfo lshw

From a terminal window either within your desktop environment or from pressing CTRL-ALT-F1 (to F7, typically).

Revisiting the Benchmarks of Old

Power Usage

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

	4.94	V		2.865	W
	0.58	A		00656	mAh

	5.19	V		1.141	W
	0.22	A		00006	mAh

	5.19	V		1.038	W
	0.20	A		00102	mAh

	5.19	V		0.986	W
	0.19	A		00003	mAh

SysBench

sysbench --num-threads=1 --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --validate run

sysbench --num-threads=4 --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --validate run

Here is a breakdown of the command line parameters:

sysbench - The name of the software to run

--test=cpu - This parameter ensures we are only testing the processor, as mentioned previously SysBench can perform other tests, too

--cpu-max-prime - This is the maximum prime number value we want to calculate up to.

--validate - This ensures that the results we have returned are valid

run - The software can emulate or test rather than actually perform the requested benchmark, so we want to tell it to actually run it.

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

sysbench with 1 thread - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

Total time 318.9072 s

per request	statistics
min	31.87	ms
avg	31.89	ms
max	74.92	ms

diff between min and max

43.05 ms

Total time 477.0617 s

per request	statistics
min	47.69	ms
avg	47.7	ms
max	49.91	ms

diff between min and max

2.22 ms

Total time 768.6476 s

per request	statistics
min	76.42	ms
avg	76.86	ms
max	82.15	ms

diff between min and max

5.73 ms

Total time 1318.933 s

per request	statistics
min	131.59	ms
avg	131.89	ms
max	300.23	ms

diff between min and max

168.64 ms

sysbench with 4 threads - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

sysbench with 4 threads - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

sysbench with 4 threads - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

sysbench with 3 threads - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

Total time 79.5341 s

per request	statistics
min	31.62	ms
avg	31.80	ms
max	32.06	ms

diff between min and max

0.44 s

Total time 92.8556 s

per request	statistics
min	36.89	ms
avg	46.42	ms
max	106.52	ms

diff between min and max

69.63 ms

Total time 145.1134 s

per request	statistics
min	57.52	ms
avg	72.53	ms
max	149.25	ms

diff between min and max

91.73 ms

Total time 1321.493 s

per request	statistics
min	412.94	ms
avg	528.54	ms
max	573	ms

diff between min and max

160.06 ms

nBench

nbench - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

nbench - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

nbench - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

nbench - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

memory index	8.100
integer index	11.101
floating-point index	10.067

memory index	7.105
integer index	8.976
floating-point index	7.601

memory index	4.186
integer index	5.812
floating-point index	4.526

memory index	2.501
integer index	3.208
floating-point index	1.884

Since I threw this benchmark in for fun, here are some other processors that have taken the same benchmark, to put these in perspective:

nbench - AMD K7 Thunderbird

nbench - Pentium 3 900Mhz

nbench - LG Optimus GT540

memory index	9.473
integer index	6.744
floating-point index	12.501

memory index	3.930
integer index	3.649
floating-point index	9.631

memory index	1.171
integer index	1.691
floating-point index	0.489

MemTester

sudo (time memtester 256M 1) 1> memtester.txt

Raspberry Pi Board	Time Taken
1 Model B+	76 minutes 23.296 seconds
2 Model B	23 minutes 39.07 seconds
3 Model B	8 minutes 37.078 seconds
3 Model B+	7 minutes 47.683 seconds

It amazes me how even with an iteration revision the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ manages to be faster yet again.

Roy's Benchmark Collection

Memory Reading Speed Test 32bit Version 4 (memSpeedPiA6)

Memory KBytes Used

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

Double MB/S - Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+

128

256

512

1024

2048

4096

8192

930

1939

1828

1778

1779

1148

1194

1102

1197

1523

1641

1523

1524

1525

1409

1094

1075

1023

1071

1015

1016

930

853

682

393

310

301

307

602

538

292

262

176

142

132

134

136

134

NEON Speed Test v1.0

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B	Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

Pi 2 : 299.93 MFLOPS

Pi 3 B : 462.07 MFLOPS

Pi 3 B+ : 539.68 MFLOPS

Networking the Raspberry Pi

Testing Network Throughput

Setting up the Tests

Each Raspberry Pi model tested was then plugged into the official 2.5A, 5V power supply, keyboard, mouse and monitor screen.

A copy of the latest Raspbian image was downloaded from the RaspberryPi.org site and stored on the FTP server, this was some 1.6gByte in size as a zip file.

The file was then transferred either over the the following:

On board 2.4 GHz WLAN
On board 5 GHz WLAN
On board Ethernet (100mbps or up to 300mbps)
USB 2.4 GHz WLAN (WiPi)
USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet adapter

Thinking about it, finding a compatible 5 GHz USB WLAN adapter would have also been a good comparison test, oh well, maybe next time.

To compare the speeds, the file was then saved in the following ways:

Over FTP and saved to the SD Card
Over FTP and saved to an SSD connected to the Pi Desktop HAT via USB

These tests were performed on the following boards:

Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ (required WiPi)
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.1 (required WiPi)
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.2 (required WiPi)
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B (2.4 GHz WLAN, no 5 GHz)
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

Saving to SDCard script (script run in /home/pi):

#!/bin/bash

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget1.txt

rm image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget2.txt

rm image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget3.txt

rm image.zip

Saving to the SSD via USB:

#!/bin/bash

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget1.txt -O /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

rm /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget2.txt -O /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

rm /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

wget --report-speed=bits ftp://192.168.0.15/image.zip 2> wget3:.txt -O /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

rm /media/sda2/home/pi/Downloads/image.zip

The SSD had been mounted on /media/sda2. Upon connecting the HAT via USB, the command 'pmount' was used to mount it, the command had to be installed via the package manager.

The Speed Results are in!

{gallery} Network Speed Results

Raspberry Pi: 1 Model B+

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.1

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.2

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B - Overclocked - Oops!

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B+

Cool Runnings

{gallery} Raspberry Pi Thermal Imagery

Raspberry Pi: The original Pi 1 Model B

Raspberry Pi: 1 Model A+

Raspberry Pi: 1 Model B+

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.2

Raspberry Pi: 2 Model B v1.1

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B

Raspberry Pi: 3 Model B+

In Summary - It's Cooler and Faster

This appears to be an improvement that addresses those concerns a lot of people had, and I'm very interested to see where we can go from here.

NEW! Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

Tags: raspberry pi 3 model b+, raspberry pi 3 model b plus benchmark, raspberry pi 3 model b plus (b+), raspberry pi 3 model b plus (b+) benchmark

Raspberry Pi Legacy Products

pchan — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 06:45:10 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by pchan on 9/28/2023 6:45:10 AM

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

A credit-card sized single board computer with a 1.5GHz processor and comprehensive connectivity. Available with 2GB, 4GB or 8GB DDR4 RAM.

2GB 4GB 8GB Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

A faster and cooler processor running at 1.4GHz, dual-band 5GHz Wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, and PoE capability.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Next Generation QUAD Core Broadcom BCM2837 64bit processor with BLE on board.

FAQs

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.2 board uses BCM2837, which contains a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi Model B+

Byte into a juicy fruit! Get more Raspberry Pi for your money with Model B+.

Physical Dimensions

Buy Now

Raspberry Pi Model A+

An energy efficient upgraded Raspberry Pi A with improved features.

Unboxing Video

Pi 3 A+ Pi A+

Raspberry Pi Zero Family

The Raspberry Pi Zero Family is a fan favorite with ARM Cortex-A53, 512MB RAM, and more.

Pi Zero 2W Pi Zero W Learn More

Tags: raspberry_pi_b, raspberry_pi_a, raspberry_pi, raspberry_pi_2, legacy_products, raspberry_pi_3, raspberry_pi_b_plus

Raspberry Pi Comparison Chart

pchan — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 06:42:36 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by pchan on 9/28/2023 6:42:36 AM

	NEW! Raspberry Pi 5 Buy 4GB Buy 8GB	Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Buy 2GB Buy 4GB Buy 8GB	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ Buy Now	Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Buy Now
Processor Chipset	Broadcom BCM2712, Cortex-A76 64Bit SoC at 2.4GHz	Broadcom BCM2711, Cortex-A72 64Bit SoC at 1.5GHz	Broadcom BCM2837B0, Cortex-A53 64Bit SoC at 1.4GHz	Broadcom BCM2837 64Bit Quad Core Processor powered Single Board Computer running at 1.2GHz
GPU	VideoCore VII	Videocore VI @ 500Mhz	Videocore IV @ 400Mhz	Videocore IV @ 400Mhz
Processor Speed	QUAD Core @2.4 GHz	QUAD Core @1.5 GHz	QUAD Core @1.2 GHz	QUAD Core @1.2 GHz
RAM	4GB and 8GB LPDDR4X-4267 SDRAM	1GB, 2GB or 4GB LPDDR4 SD RAM	1GB LPDDR2 SD RAM	1GB SDRAM @ 400 MHz
USB	2x 2.0 USB Ports 2x 3.0 USB Ports (5Gbps)	2x 2.0 USB Ports 2x 3.0 USB Ports	4x 2.0 USB Ports	4x 2.0 USB Ports
Max Power Draw/voltage	5A @ 5V (PD enabled)	3A @ 5V	2.5A @ 5V	2.5A @ 5V
GPIO	40 pin	40 pin	40 pin	40 pin
PCIe	1xPCIe 2.0 Interface	N/A	N/A	N/A
Ethernet Port	Gigabit Ethernet, with PoE+ support (requires PoE+ HAT)	True Gigabit Ethernet	Gigabit Ethernet over USB 2.0 (max. throughput 300Mbps)	Yes
WiFi	Dual-band 2.4GHz and 5GHz IEEE 802.11.b/g/n/ac wireless LAN	Dual-band 2.4GHz and 5GHz IEEE 802.11.b/g/n/ac wireless LAN	Dual-band 2.4GHz and 5GHz IEEE 802.11.b/g/n/ac wireless LAN	Built-in
Bluetooth LE	Bluetooth 5/BLE	Bluetooth 5/BLE	Bluetooth 4.2/BLE	Built-in
Video	2 x micro HDMI Ports (Up to 4kp60 supported)	2 x micro HDMI Ports (Up to 4kp60 supported)	1 HDMI	1 HDMI
Real Time Clock (RTC)	RTC and RTC Battery Connector	N/A	N/A	N/A
On-board power button	Yes	No	No	No

Tech Specs | FAQ | Pi Accessories | Pi Projects | Return to Raspberry Pi

Tags: raspberry_pi_b+, pi_2, rasp_berry, raspberry, raspi_bplus, raspberry-pi-b+, b+, raspi-b+, r-pi-b+, raspberrypibplus, raspi, pi, raspberry-pi-bplus, raspibplus, raspberrypi4, rpib+, rasp, raspi_b+, r_pi_b+, rasp-berry, compute, bplus, b, berry, raspberry pi 4, raspberry_pi, pi3, raspberry-pi, raspberrypib+, chart, pi_zero, raspberrypi, dev, r_pi_bplus, raspi-bplus, rpibplus, comparison, model, raspberry pi 3, kit, a, raspberry_pi_bplus, raspib+, module, r-pi-bplus, pi2

Feature Raspberry Pi Accessories

pchan — Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:41:06 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by pchan on 9/25/2023 2:41:06 PM

Audio/Visual

Cases

Essentials Accessories (& Power Supplies)

Tech Spec

Microcontrollers

RP2040

Buy Now |
Tech Spec

Pi Compute Modules Back to Top

Pi Compute Module 4

Select One |
Learn More

Pi Compute Module 3+

Select One |
Learn More

Pi Compute Module 3

Select One |
Tech Spec

Pi Compute Module 1

Select One |
Learn More

Search in the Design Center for More Products

Raspberry Pi | Legacy Products

Tags: raspberry_pi, raspberry_pi_accessories

Feature Raspberry Pi Accessories

pchan — Mon, 18 Sep 2023 15:58:17 GMT

Revision 2 posted to Documents by pchan on 9/18/2023 3:58:17 PM

Tech Spec

Microcontrollers

RP2040

Buy Now |
Tech Spec

Pi Compute Modules Back to Top

Pi Compute Module 4

Select One |
Learn More

Pi Compute Module 3+

Select One |
Learn More

Pi Compute Module 3

Select One |
Tech Spec

Pi Compute Module 1

Select One |
Learn More

Search in the Design Center for More Products

Raspberry Pi | Legacy Products

Tags: raspberry_pi, raspberry_pi_accessories

Raspberry Pi Legacy Products

pchan — Fri, 15 Sep 2023 20:04:23 GMT

Revision 5 posted to Documents by pchan on 9/15/2023 8:04:23 PM

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

A faster and cooler processor running at 1.4GHz, dual-band 5GHz Wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, and PoE capability.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Next Generation QUAD Core Broadcom BCM2837 64bit processor with BLE on board.

FAQs

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.2 board uses BCM2837, which contains a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi Model B+

Byte into a juicy fruit! Get more Raspberry Pi for your money with Model B+.

Physical Dimensions

Buy Now

Raspberry Pi Model A+

An energy efficient upgraded Raspberry Pi A with improved features.

Unboxing Video

Pi 3 A+ Pi A+

Tags: raspberry_pi_b, raspberry_pi_a, raspberry_pi, raspberry_pi_2, legacy_products, raspberry_pi_3, raspberry_pi_b_plus

Raspberry Pi Legacy Products

pchan — Fri, 15 Sep 2023 19:48:23 GMT

Revision 4 posted to Documents by pchan on 9/15/2023 7:48:23 PM

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

A credit-card sized single board computer with a 1.5GHz processor and comprehensive connectivity. Available with 2GB, 4GB or 8GB DDR4 RAM.

2GB 4GB 8GB Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

A faster and cooler processor running at 1.4GHz, dual-band 5GHz Wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, and PoE capability.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Next Generation QUAD Core Broadcom BCM2837 64bit processor with BLE on board.

FAQs

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.2 board uses BCM2837, which contains a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi Model B+

Byte into a juicy fruit! Get more Raspberry Pi for your money with Model B+.

Physical Dimensions

Buy Now

Raspberry Pi Model A+

An energy efficient upgraded Raspberry Pi A with improved features.

Unboxing Video

Pi 3 A+ Pi A+

Tags: raspberry_pi_b, raspberry_pi_a, raspberry_pi, raspberry_pi_2, legacy_products, raspberry_pi_3, raspberry_pi_b_plus

Raspberry Pi Legacy Products

pchan — Fri, 15 Sep 2023 19:45:14 GMT

Revision 3 posted to Documents by pchan on 9/15/2023 7:45:14 PM

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

A credit-card sized single board computer with a 1.5GHz processor and comprehensive connectivity. Available with 2GB, 4GB or 8GB DDR4 RAM.

2GB 4GB 8GB Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

A faster and cooler processor running at 1.4GHz, dual-band 5GHz Wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, and PoE capability.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Next Generation QUAD Core Broadcom BCM2837 64bit processor with BLE on board.

FAQs

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.2 board uses BCM2837, which contains a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi Model B+

Byte into a juicy fruit! Get more Raspberry Pi for your money with Model B+.

Physical Dimensions

Buy Now

Raspberry Pi Model A+

An energy efficient upgraded Raspberry Pi A with improved features.

Unboxing Video

Pi 3 A+ Pi A+

Tags: raspberry_pi_b, raspberry_pi_a, raspberry_pi, raspberry_pi_2, legacy_products, raspberry_pi_3, raspberry_pi_b_plus

Raspberry Pi Legacy Products

pchan — Fri, 15 Sep 2023 19:37:31 GMT

Revision 2 posted to Documents by pchan on 9/15/2023 7:37:31 PM

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

A credit-card sized single board computer with a 1.5GHz processor and comprehensive connectivity. Available with 2GB, 4GB or 8GB DDR4 RAM.

2GB 4GB 8GB Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

A faster and cooler processor running at 1.4GHz, dual-band 5GHz Wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, and PoE capability.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Next Generation QUAD Core Broadcom BCM2837 64bit processor with BLE on board.

FAQs

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.2 board uses BCM2837, which contains a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.

Buy Now Learn More

Raspberry Pi Model B+

Byte into a juicy fruit! Get more Raspberry Pi for your money with Model B+.

Physical Dimensions

Buy Now

Raspberry Pi Model A+

An energy efficient upgraded Raspberry Pi A with improved features. Unboxing Video

Pi 3 A+ Pi A+

Tags: raspberry_pi_b, raspberry_pi_a, raspberry_pi, raspberry_pi_2, legacy_products, raspberry_pi_3, raspberry_pi_b_plus

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Default GPIO Pinout with PoE Header

cstanton — Fri, 14 Jul 2023 13:56:47 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by cstanton on 7/14/2023 1:56:47 PM

To help you with your projects and setting up your electronic circuits, here's a detailed diagram of the pin block(s) on the Raspberry Pi 4, Model B.

Click the image for an enlarged version:

Here is the Raspberry Pi 4 default GPIO pinout for the 40 pin J8 header. This is the configuration of the pins as you'll receive it when you first boot up Raspbian, or NOOBS with Raspbian. However, did you know that they are configurable? Yes, you can change the allocation of the Serial Peripheral Interface BUS on the pins, or decide that you don't want two Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Serial BUS after all.

In the diagram you'll see that the layout is colour coded with a legend; these are pins which are associated with one another purely by function (or not, in case of the green), and so they are a 'family' of pins that are useful together. But what if your project actually requires that you don't need SPI, or that you require two sets of SPI pins?

There are alternative functions for almost all of the pins. Here's a chart that helps to demonstrate what the alternative functions of the pins can be, and in bold and highlighted are what the defaults are for these pins:

Using these pins, they are referred to as 'ARM Peripherals', because after all, we're using an ARM processor by Broadcom. If you want to read into these in detail, you can look at the attached document. You'll find it pretty heavy going if you are not used to the technical information.

There are also useful libraries and websites which can help you to understand more about this information, such as The GPIO Utility by Wiring Pi and Gadgetoid and RogueHAL13's pinout.xyz - be careful not to be caught out though, as the GPIO pins are also referenced as 'BCM' pins (meaning Broadcom) to help reduce confusion from the physical pins.

Changing the default configuration is considered advanced, and isn't for the faint of heart, so enjoy going down the rabbit hole for your project!

Want to know more?

Meet The New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - element14 Presents

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - Technical Specifications

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Benchmarking the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

Which accessories are compatible with the New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B?

Do You Know Your Pi from Pie? Raspberry Pi Quiz!

Eben Upton talks about the new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

Want to buy the new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B?

Product Name	Manufacturer
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 1GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 2GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 4GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 8GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now

Supplemental Content:

Raspberry Pi 4 - BCM2835 ARM Peripherals

NEW! Raspberry Pi 4

Tags: gpio, raspberry pi 4 general purpose input output, rpi4, raspberry pi 4 gpio pinout, raspberry pi 4, raspberry pi, pinout, rpi4 pinout

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Default GPIO Pinout with PoE Header

cstanton — Fri, 14 Jul 2023 13:53:57 GMT

Revision 3 posted to Documents by cstanton on 7/14/2023 1:53:57 PM

To help you with your projects and setting up your electronic circuits, here's a detailed diagram of the pin block(s) on the Raspberry Pi 4, Model B.

Click the image for an enlarged version:

Changing the default configuration is considered advanced, and isn't for the faint of heart, so enjoy going down the rabbit hole for your project!

Want to know more?

Meet The New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - element14 Presents

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - Technical Specifications

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Benchmarking the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

Which accessories are compatible with the New Raspberry Pi 4 Model B?

Do You Know Your Pi from Pie? Raspberry Pi Quiz!

Eben Upton talks about the new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

Want to buy the new Raspberry Pi 4 Model B?

Product Name	Manufacturer
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 1GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 2GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 4GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B, 8GB	Raspberry Pi	Buy Now

Attachments:

community.element14.com/.../BCM2835_2D00_ARM_2D00_Peripherals.pdf

BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals.pdf

NEW! Raspberry Pi 4

Tags: gpio, raspberry pi 4 general purpose input output, rpi4, raspberry pi 4 gpio pinout, raspberry pi 4, raspberry pi, pinout, rpi4 pinout

Looking Sharp! New Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 with Auto Focus

pchan — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 17:28:51 GMT

Current Revision posted to Documents by pchan on 1/9/2023 5:28:51 PM

Introducing a new 3rd generation of the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3.

A new set of Raspberry PI Camera Modules with a 12MP sensor and much requested autofocus. This new generation of Raspberry Pi Camera comes with standard or wide angle lense and with or without IR Filter for darker light conditions.

The Raspberry Pi have also snuck in a new Lens mount with wider lens compatibility!
www.youtube.com/watch

Key Features of the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

Quality of (still) life

Camera Module 3 comes with an improved 12MP IMX708 Quad Bayer sensor and features a High Dynamic Range mode, making it the highest quality Camera Module we’ve made so far.

Focus on the good

Camera Module 3 features ultra-fast auto focus as standard. A rich library of software commands means you can have total control over what you focus on and how you do it.

Look from a different perspective

Need a wider field of view than the standard 75 degrees? Camera Module 3 Wide features an ultra-wide 120 degree angle of view, meaning your Raspberry Pi can see more of the world.

See things differently

Both the standard and wide cameras come with the option of having no IR filter, turning the Camera Module 3 into a night-vision camera when used with infrared lighting.

Camera Module 3 takes advantage of the Raspberry Pi Open Source Camera System powered by libcamera. This rich set of libraries gives developers precise control over image processing and better access to the internals of Camera Module 3.

Camera Module 3 (left) and Camera Wide Angle (right)

Camera Module 3 NoIR (left) and Camera Module 3 Wide NoIR (right)

Aditionally a 12-megapixel High Quality Camera with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was released in 2020 and 2023 respectively.

There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the IR Filter can be removed if required.

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Specifications

	Camera Module 3	Camera Module 3 Wide
Net price	$25	$35
Size	Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm	Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm
Weight	4g	4g
Still resolution	11.9 Megapixels	11.9 Megapixels
Video modes	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120
Sensor	Sony IMX708	Sony IMX708
Sensor resolution	4608 x 2592 pixels	4608 x 2592 pixels
Sensor image area	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
Pixel size	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
Optical size	1/2.43"	1/2.43"
Focus	Motorized	Motorized
Depth of field	Approx 10 cm to ∞	Approx 5 cm to ∞
Focal length	4.74 mm	2.75 mmm
Horizontal Field of View (FoV)	66 degrees	102 degrees
Vertical Field of View (FoV)	41 degrees	67 degrees
Focal ratio (F-Stop)	F1.8	F2.2
Maximum exposure times (seconds)	112	112
Lens Mount	N/A	N/A

Photos Shot on the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

...

Camera Module 3 Hardware Specification Comparison

Camera Module v1

Camera Module v2

Camera Module 3

Camera Module 3 Wide

HQ Camera

Net price

$25

$35

$50

Size

Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm

38 x 38 x 18.4mm (excluding lens)

Weight

Still resolution

5 Megapixels

8 Megapixels

11.9 Megapixels

12.3 Megapixels

Video modes

1080p30, 720p60 and 640 × 480p60/90

1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206

1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120

2028 × 1080p50, 2028 × 1520p40 and 1332 × 990p120

Sensor

OmniVision OV5647

Sony IMX219

Sony IMX708

Sony IMX477

Sensor resolution

2592 × 1944 pixels

3280 × 2464 pixels

4608 x 2592 pixels

4056 x 3040 pixels

Sensor image area

3.76 × 2.74 mm

3.68 x 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)

6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)

6.287mm x 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)

Pixel size

1.4 µm × 1.4 µm

1.12 µm x 1.12 µm

1.4 µm x 1.4 µm

1.55 µm x 1.55 µm

Optical size

1/4"

1/2.43"

1/2.3"

Focus

Fixed

Adjustable

Motorized

Adjustable

Depth of field

Approx 1 m to ∞

Approx 10 cm to ∞

Approx 5 cm to ∞

N/A

Focal length

3.60 mm +/- 0.01

3.04 mm

4.74 mm

2.75 mmm

Depends on lens

Horizontal Field of View (FoV)

53.50 +/- 0.13 degrees

62.2 degrees

66 degrees

102 degrees

Depends on lens

Vertical Field of View (FoV)

41.41 +/- 0.11 degrees

48.8 degrees

41 degrees

67 degrees

Depends on lens

Focal ratio (F-Stop)

F2.9

F2.0

F1.8

F2.2

Depends on lens

Maximum exposure times (seconds)

11.76

112

670.74

Lens Mount

N/A

CS- or M12-mount

Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Wide Lens Variant

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 CS Camera Mount

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 M12 Camera Mount

Documentation:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html

What will you use yours for?

Tags: computer vision came, Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3, Raspberry Pi Camera, rpi camera, raspberry pi, Auto Focus, computer vision, features

Looking Sharp! New Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 with Auto Focus

pchan — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 17:24:59 GMT

Revision 6 posted to Documents by pchan on 1/9/2023 5:24:59 PM

The Raspberry Pi have also snuck in a new Lens mount with wider lens compatibility!
www.youtube.com/watch

Key Features of the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

Quality of (still) life

Camera Module 3 comes with an improved 12MP IMX708 Quad Bayer sensor and features a High Dynamic Range mode, making it the highest quality Camera Module we’ve made so far.

Focus on the good

Camera Module 3 features ultra-fast auto focus as standard. A rich library of software commands means you can have total control over what you focus on and how you do it.

Look from a different perspective

Need a wider field of view than the standard 75 degrees? Camera Module 3 Wide features an ultra-wide 120 degree angle of view, meaning your Raspberry Pi can see more of the world.

See things differently

Camera Module 3 (left) and Camera Wide Angle (right)

Camera Module 3 NoIR (left) and Camera Module 3 Wide NoIR (right)

Aditionally a 12-megapixel High Quality Camera with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was released in 2020 and 2023 respectively.

There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the IR Filter can be removed if required.

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Specifications

	Camera Module 3	Camera Module 3 Wide
Net price	$25	$35
Size	Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm	Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm
Weight	4g	4g
Still resolution	11.9 Megapixels	11.9 Megapixels
Video modes	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120
Sensor	Sony IMX708	Sony IMX708
Sensor resolution	4608 x 2592 pixels	4608 x 2592 pixels
Sensor image area	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
Pixel size	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
Optical size	1/2.43"	1/2.43"
Focus	Motorized	Motorized
Depth of field	Approx 10 cm to ∞	Approx 5 cm to ∞
Focal length	4.74 mm	2.75 mmm
Horizontal Field of View (FoV)	66 degrees	102 degrees
Vertical Field of View (FoV)	41 degrees	67 degrees
Focal ratio (F-Stop)	F1.8	F2.2
Maximum exposure times (seconds)	112	112
Lens Mount	N/A	N/A

Photos Shot on the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

...

Camera Module 3 Hardware Specification Comparison

Camera Module v1

Camera Module v2

Camera Module 3

Camera Module 3 Wide

HQ Camera

Net price

$25

$35

$50

Size

Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm

38 x 38 x 18.4mm (excluding lens)

Weight

Still resolution

5 Megapixels

8 Megapixels

11.9 Megapixels

12.3 Megapixels

Video modes

1080p30, 720p60 and 640 × 480p60/90

1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206

1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120

2028 × 1080p50, 2028 × 1520p40 and 1332 × 990p120

Sensor

OmniVision OV5647

Sony IMX219

Sony IMX708

Sony IMX477

Sensor resolution

2592 × 1944 pixels

3280 × 2464 pixels

4608 x 2592 pixels

4056 x 3040 pixels

Sensor image area

3.76 × 2.74 mm

3.68 x 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)

6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)

6.287mm x 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)

Pixel size

1.4 µm × 1.4 µm

1.12 µm x 1.12 µm

1.4 µm x 1.4 µm

1.55 µm x 1.55 µm

Optical size

1/4"

1/2.43"

1/2.3"

Focus

Fixed

Adjustable

Motorized

Adjustable

Depth of field

Approx 1 m to ∞

Approx 10 cm to ∞

Approx 5 cm to ∞

N/A

Focal length

3.60 mm +/- 0.01

3.04 mm

4.74 mm

2.75 mmm

Depends on lens

Horizontal Field of View (FoV)

53.50 +/- 0.13 degrees

62.2 degrees

66 degrees

102 degrees

Depends on lens

Vertical Field of View (FoV)

41.41 +/- 0.11 degrees

48.8 degrees

41 degrees

67 degrees

Depends on lens

Focal ratio (F-Stop)

F2.9

F2.0

F1.8

F2.2

Depends on lens

Maximum exposure times (seconds)

11.76

112

670.74

Lens Mount

N/A

CS- or M12-mount

Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Wide Lens Variant

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 CS Camera Mount

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 M12 Camera Mount

Documentation:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html

What will you use yours for?

Tags: computer vision came, Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3, Raspberry Pi Camera, rpi camera, raspberry pi, Auto Focus, computer vision, features

Looking Sharp! New Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 with Auto Focus

cstanton — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 13:26:05 GMT

Revision 5 posted to Documents by cstanton on 1/9/2023 1:26:05 PM

The Raspberry Pi have also snuck in a new Lens mount with wider lens compatibility!
www.youtube.com/watch

Key Features of the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

Quality of (still) life

Camera Module 3 comes with an improved 12MP IMX708 Quad Bayer sensor and features a High Dynamic Range mode, making it the highest quality Camera Module we’ve made so far.

Focus on the good

Camera Module 3 features ultra-fast auto focus as standard. A rich library of software commands means you can have total control over what you focus on and how you do it.

Look from a different perspective

Need a wider field of view than the standard 75 degrees? Camera Module 3 Wide features an ultra-wide 120 degree angle of view, meaning your Raspberry Pi can see more of the world.

See things differently

Camera Module 3 (left) and Camera Module 3 Wide (right)

Camera Module 3 NoIR (left) and Camera Module 3 NoIR Wide (right)

Aditionally a 12-megapixel High Quality Camera with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was released in 2020 and 2023 respectively.

There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the IR Filter can be removed if required.

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Specifications

	Camera Module 3	Camera Module 3 Wide
Net price	$25	$35
Size	Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm	Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm
Weight	4g	4g
Still resolution	11.9 Megapixels	11.9 Megapixels
Video modes	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120
Sensor	Sony IMX708	Sony IMX708
Sensor resolution	4608 x 2592 pixels	4608 x 2592 pixels
Sensor image area	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
Pixel size	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
Optical size	1/2.43"	1/2.43"
Focus	Motorized	Motorized
Depth of field	Approx 10 cm to ∞	Approx 5 cm to ∞
Focal length	4.74 mm	2.75 mmm
Horizontal Field of View (FoV)	66 degrees	102 degrees
Vertical Field of View (FoV)	41 degrees	67 degrees
Focal ratio (F-Stop)	F1.8	F2.2
Maximum exposure times (seconds)	112	112
Lens Mount	N/A	N/A

Photos Shot on the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

...

Camera Module 3 Hardware Specification Comparison

Camera Module v1

Camera Module v2

Camera Module 3

Camera Module 3 Wide

HQ Camera

Net price

$25

$35

$50

Size

Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm

38 x 38 x 18.4mm (excluding lens)

Weight

Still resolution

5 Megapixels

8 Megapixels

11.9 Megapixels

12.3 Megapixels

Video modes

1080p30, 720p60 and 640 × 480p60/90

1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206

1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120

2028 × 1080p50, 2028 × 1520p40 and 1332 × 990p120

Sensor

OmniVision OV5647

Sony IMX219

Sony IMX708

Sony IMX477

Sensor resolution

2592 × 1944 pixels

3280 × 2464 pixels

4608 x 2592 pixels

4056 x 3040 pixels

Sensor image area

3.76 × 2.74 mm

3.68 x 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)

6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)

6.287mm x 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)

Pixel size

1.4 µm × 1.4 µm

1.12 µm x 1.12 µm

1.4 µm x 1.4 µm

1.55 µm x 1.55 µm

Optical size

1/4"

1/2.43"

1/2.3"

Focus

Fixed

Adjustable

Motorized

Adjustable

Depth of field

Approx 1 m to ∞

Approx 10 cm to ∞

Approx 5 cm to ∞

N/A

Focal length

3.60 mm +/- 0.01

3.04 mm

4.74 mm

2.75 mmm

Depends on lens

Horizontal Field of View (FoV)

53.50 +/- 0.13 degrees

62.2 degrees

66 degrees

102 degrees

Depends on lens

Vertical Field of View (FoV)

41.41 +/- 0.11 degrees

48.8 degrees

41 degrees

67 degrees

Depends on lens

Focal ratio (F-Stop)

F2.9

F2.0

F1.8

F2.2

Depends on lens

Maximum exposure times (seconds)

11.76

112

670.74

Lens Mount

N/A

CS- or M12-mount

Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Wide Lens Variant

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 CS Camera Mount

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 M12 Camera Mount

Documentation:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html

What will you use yours for?

Tags: computer vision came, Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3, Raspberry Pi Camera, rpi camera, raspberry pi, Auto Focus, computer vision, features

Looking Sharp! New Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 with Auto Focus

e14phil — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 11:58:56 GMT

Revision 4 posted to Documents by e14phil on 1/9/2023 11:58:56 AM

The Raspberry Pi have also snuck in a new Lens mount with wider lens compatibility!
www.youtube.com/watch

Key Features of the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

Quality of (still) life

Camera Module 3 comes with an improved 12MP IMX708 Quad Bayer sensor and features a High Dynamic Range mode, making it the highest quality Camera Module we’ve made so far.

Focus on the good

Camera Module 3 features ultra-fast auto focus as standard. A rich library of software commands means you can have total control over what you focus on and how you do it.

Look from a different perspective

Need a wider field of view than the standard 75 degrees? Camera Module 3 Wide features an ultra-wide 120 degree angle of view, meaning your Raspberry Pi can see more of the world.

See things differently

Camera Module 3 (left) and Camera Module 3 Wide (right)

Camera Module 3 NoIR (left) and Camera Module 3 NoIR Wide (right)

Aditionally a 12-megapixel High Quality Camera with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was released in 2020 and 2023 respectively.

There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the IR Filter can be removed if required.

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Specifications

	Camera Module 3	Camera Module 3 Wide
Net price	$25	$35
Size	Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm	Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm
Weight	4g	4g
Still resolution	11.9 Megapixels	11.9 Megapixels
Video modes	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120
Sensor	Sony IMX708	Sony IMX708
Sensor resolution	4608 x 2592 pixels	4608 x 2592 pixels
Sensor image area	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
Pixel size	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
Optical size	1/2.43"	1/2.43"
Focus	Motorized	Motorized
Depth of field	Approx 10 cm to ∞	Approx 5 cm to ∞
Focal length	4.74 mm	2.75 mmm
Horizontal Field of View (FoV)	66 degrees	102 degrees
Vertical Field of View (FoV)	41 degrees	67 degrees
Focal ratio (F-Stop)	F1.8	F2.2
Maximum exposure times (seconds)	112	112
Lens Mount	N/A	N/A

Photos Shot on the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

...

Camera Module 3 Hardware Specification Comparison

Camera Module v1

Camera Module v2

Camera Module 3

Camera Module 3 Wide

HQ Camera

Net price

$25

$35

$50

Size

Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm

38 x 38 x 18.4mm (excluding lens)

Weight

Still resolution

5 Megapixels

8 Megapixels

11.9 Megapixels

12.3 Megapixels

Video modes

1080p30, 720p60 and 640 × 480p60/90

1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206

1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120

2028 × 1080p50, 2028 × 1520p40 and 1332 × 990p120

Sensor

OmniVision OV5647

Sony IMX219

Sony IMX708

Sony IMX477

Sensor resolution

2592 × 1944 pixels

3280 × 2464 pixels

4608 x 2592 pixels

4056 x 3040 pixels

Sensor image area

3.76 × 2.74 mm

3.68 x 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)

6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)

6.287mm x 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)

Pixel size

1.4 µm × 1.4 µm

1.12 µm x 1.12 µm

1.4 µm x 1.4 µm

1.55 µm x 1.55 µm

Optical size

1/4"

1/2.43"

1/2.3"

Focus

Fixed

Adjustable

Motorized

Adjustable

Depth of field

Approx 1 m to ∞

Approx 10 cm to ∞

Approx 5 cm to ∞

N/A

Focal length

3.60 mm +/- 0.01

3.04 mm

4.74 mm

2.75 mmm

Depends on lens

Horizontal Field of View (FoV)

53.50 +/- 0.13 degrees

62.2 degrees

66 degrees

102 degrees

Depends on lens

Vertical Field of View (FoV)

41.41 +/- 0.11 degrees

48.8 degrees

41 degrees

67 degrees

Depends on lens

Focal ratio (F-Stop)

F2.9

F2.0

F1.8

F2.2

Depends on lens

Maximum exposure times (seconds)

11.76

112

670.74

Lens Mount

N/A

CS- or M12-mount

Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Wide Lens Variant

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 CS Camera Mount

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 M12 Camera Mount

Documentation:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html

What will you use yours for?

Tags: computer vision came, Raspberry Pi Camera, rpi camera, raspberry pi, computer vision

Looking Sharp! New Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 with Auto Focus

e14phil — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 10:32:43 GMT

Revision 3 posted to Documents by e14phil on 1/9/2023 10:32:43 AM

The Raspberry Pi have also snuck in a new Lens mount with wider lens compatibility!

www.youtube.com/watch

Key Features of the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

Quality of (still) life

Camera Module 3 comes with an improved 12MP IMX708 Quad Bayer sensor and features a High Dynamic Range mode, making it the highest quality Camera Module we’ve made so far.

Focus on the good

Camera Module 3 features ultra-fast auto focus as standard. A rich library of software commands means you can have total control over what you focus on and how you do it.

Look from a different perspective

Need a wider field of view than the standard 75 degrees? Camera Module 3 Wide features an ultra-wide 120 degree angle of view, meaning your Raspberry Pi can see more of the world.

See things differently

Camera Module 3 (left) and Camera Module 3 Wide (right)

Camera Module 3 NoIR (left) and Camera Module 3 NoIR Wide (right)

Aditionally a 12-megapixel High Quality Camera with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was released in 2020 and 2023 respectively.

There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the IR Filter can be removed if required.

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Specifications

	Camera Module 3	Camera Module 3 Wide
Net price	$25	$35
Size	Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm	Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm
Weight	4g	4g
Still resolution	11.9 Megapixels	11.9 Megapixels
Video modes	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120
Sensor	Sony IMX708	Sony IMX708
Sensor resolution	4608 x 2592 pixels	4608 x 2592 pixels
Sensor image area	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
Pixel size	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
Optical size	1/2.43"	1/2.43"
Focus	Motorized	Motorized
Depth of field	Approx 10 cm to ∞	Approx 5 cm to ∞
Focal length	4.74 mm	2.75 mmm
Horizontal Field of View (FoV)	66 degrees	102 degrees
Vertical Field of View (FoV)	41 degrees	67 degrees
Focal ratio (F-Stop)	F1.8	F2.2
Maximum exposure times (seconds)	112	112
Lens Mount	N/A	N/A

Photos Shot on the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

...

Camera Module 3 Hardware Specification Comparison

Camera Module v1

Camera Module v2

Camera Module 3

Camera Module 3 Wide

HQ Camera

Net price

$25

$35

$50

Size

Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm

38 x 38 x 18.4mm (excluding lens)

Weight

Still resolution

5 Megapixels

8 Megapixels

11.9 Megapixels

12.3 Megapixels

Video modes

1080p30, 720p60 and 640 × 480p60/90

1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206

1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120

2028 × 1080p50, 2028 × 1520p40 and 1332 × 990p120

Sensor

OmniVision OV5647

Sony IMX219

Sony IMX708

Sony IMX477

Sensor resolution

2592 × 1944 pixels

3280 × 2464 pixels

4608 x 2592 pixels

4056 x 3040 pixels

Sensor image area

3.76 × 2.74 mm

3.68 x 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)

6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)

6.287mm x 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)

Pixel size

1.4 µm × 1.4 µm

1.12 µm x 1.12 µm

1.4 µm x 1.4 µm

1.55 µm x 1.55 µm

Optical size

1/4"

1/2.43"

1/2.3"

Focus

Fixed

Adjustable

Motorized

Adjustable

Depth of field

Approx 1 m to ∞

Approx 10 cm to ∞

Approx 5 cm to ∞

N/A

Focal length

3.60 mm +/- 0.01

3.04 mm

4.74 mm

2.75 mmm

Depends on lens

Horizontal Field of View (FoV)

53.50 +/- 0.13 degrees

62.2 degrees

66 degrees

102 degrees

Depends on lens

Vertical Field of View (FoV)

41.41 +/- 0.11 degrees

48.8 degrees

41 degrees

67 degrees

Depends on lens

Focal ratio (F-Stop)

F2.9

F2.0

F1.8

F2.2

Depends on lens

Maximum exposure times (seconds)

11.76

112

670.74

Lens Mount

N/A

CS- or M12-mount

Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Wide Lens Variant

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 CS Camera Mount

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 M12 Camera Mount

Documentation:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html

Tags: computer vision came, Raspberry Pi Camera, rpi camera, raspberry pi, computer vision

Looking Sharp! New Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 with Auto Focus

e14phil — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 10:12:06 GMT

Revision 2 posted to Documents by e14phil on 1/9/2023 10:12:06 AM

The Raspberry Pi have also snuck in a new Lens mount with wider lens compatibility!

www.youtube.com/watch

Key Features of the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

Quality of (still) life

Camera Module 3 comes with an improved 12MP IMX708 Quad Bayer sensor and features a High Dynamic Range mode, making it the highest quality Camera Module we’ve made so far.

Focus on the good

Camera Module 3 features ultra-fast auto focus as standard. A rich library of software commands means you can have total control over what you focus on and how you do it.

Look from a different perspective

Need a wider field of view than the standard 75 degrees? Camera Module 3 Wide features an ultra-wide 120 degree angle of view, meaning your Raspberry Pi can see more of the world.

See things differently

Camera Module 3 (left) and Camera Module 3 Wide (right)

Camera Module 3 NoIR (left) and Camera Module 3 NoIR Wide (right)

Aditionally a 12-megapixel High Quality Camera with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was released in 2020 and 2023 respectively.

There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the IR Filter can be removed if required.

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Specifications

	Camera Module 3	Camera Module 3 Wide
Net price	$25	$35
Size	Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm	Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm
Weight	4g	4g
Still resolution	11.9 Megapixels	11.9 Megapixels
Video modes	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120	1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120
Sensor	Sony IMX708	Sony IMX708
Sensor resolution	4608 x 2592 pixels	4608 x 2592 pixels
Sensor image area	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)	6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
Pixel size	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm	1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
Optical size	1/2.43"	1/2.43"
Focus	Motorized	Motorized
Depth of field	Approx 10 cm to ∞	Approx 5 cm to ∞
Focal length	4.74 mm	2.75 mmm
Horizontal Field of View (FoV)	66 degrees	102 degrees
Vertical Field of View (FoV)	41 degrees	67 degrees
Focal ratio (F-Stop)	F1.8	F2.2
Maximum exposure times (seconds)	112	112
Lens Mount	N/A	N/A

Photos Shot on the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3

...

Camera Module 3 Hardware Specification Comparison

Camera Module v1

Camera Module v2

Camera Module 3

Camera Module 3 Wide

HQ Camera

Net price

$25

$35

$50

Size

Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm

Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm

38 x 38 x 18.4mm (excluding lens)

Weight

Still resolution

5 Megapixels

8 Megapixels

11.9 Megapixels

12.3 Megapixels

Video modes

1080p30, 720p60 and 640 × 480p60/90

1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206

1080p50 / 720p100 / 640 x 480p120

2028 × 1080p50, 2028 × 1520p40 and 1332 × 990p120

Sensor

OmniVision OV5647

Sony IMX219

Sony IMX708

Sony IMX477

Sensor resolution

2592 × 1944 pixels

3280 × 2464 pixels

4608 x 2592 pixels

4056 x 3040 pixels

Sensor image area

3.76 × 2.74 mm

3.68 x 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)

6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)

6.287mm x 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)

Pixel size

1.4 µm × 1.4 µm

1.12 µm x 1.12 µm

1.4 µm x 1.4 µm

1.55 µm x 1.55 µm

Optical size

1/4"

1/2.43"

1/2.3"

Focus

Fixed

Adjustable

Motorized

Adjustable

Depth of field

Approx 1 m to ∞

Approx 10 cm to ∞

Approx 5 cm to ∞

N/A

Focal length

3.60 mm +/- 0.01

3.04 mm

4.74 mm

2.75 mmm

Depends on lens

Horizontal Field of View (FoV)

53.50 +/- 0.13 degrees

62.2 degrees

66 degrees

102 degrees

Depends on lens

Vertical Field of View (FoV)

41.41 +/- 0.11 degrees

48.8 degrees

41 degrees

67 degrees

Depends on lens

Focal ratio (F-Stop)

F2.9

F2.0

F1.8

F2.2

Depends on lens

Maximum exposure times (seconds)

11.76

112

670.74

Lens Mount

N/A

CS- or M12-mount

Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Mechanical Drawings

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Wide Lens Variant

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 CS Camera Mount

Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 M12 Camera Mount

Documentation:

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html