RoadTest Review the Keysight E36103A - Review

Table of contents

RoadTest: RoadTest Review the Keysight E36103A

Author: jadew

Creation date:

Evaluation Type: Independent Products

Did you receive all parts the manufacturer stated would be included in the package?: True

What other parts do you consider comparable to this product?: null

What were the biggest problems encountered?: Does not remember its state when you power it off.

Detailed Review:

    Hey guys,

 

    I've only had it for about a month now and already had plenty of fun and I put it through a bunch of tests to figure out what it can do and how it compares with my other power supplies. Needless to say, it has all the features you'd expect from a proper lab power supply, like over voltage and over current protection and it's of course, programmable.

 

    Out of the series, I think this model is the most "general purpose", delivering 0-20 V @ 0-2 A, and it's probably the reason why it was offered for roadtest. The other models cover from 6 V @ 5 A to 100 V @ 0.4 A.

 

 

A little overview first

    When seen from the front, it's cute, compact, well laid out and has the usual Keysight feel of high quality and reliability. It's designed so you can fit two of them on half a rack or 4 on a full rack and it occupies two rack units, like most bench instruments:

image

    Recently Keysight has started making bench instruments that are shorter than usual (300 mm vs 350 mm). It's not much, but it sure dictates where instruments go on my bench. The E36103A is long, like the older instruments and because of that, it had to go on top of a similar stack. This is obviously not a problem if they're mounted on a rack or if you have a deep enough bench.

 

 

    To put the length into perspective:

imageimage

    What's interesting to note here, is that the legs are placed so you can stack it on top of shorter instruments, even if you don't have any extra room left in the back, so kudos to the person who thought this through. Good design choice.

 

    On the front panel we have a hard power button, a rotary encoder that also has a push function (doesn't feel expensive), a couple of rubber buttons and 5, high quality, binding posts.

image

image

    Not much going on on the back, just LAN and USB ports, plus a switch on the bottom of the supply that allows you to select the mains voltage.

 

 

Interface

    The screen is clear and bright, very easy to read and they made good use of the screen estate, easy to interpret at a glance. I'd even go as far as saying that they did quite a good job with the button functions, considering how few they had at their disposal, but I can't help but feel that it could have used two, extra, arrow buttons. Currently, in order to set which digit you're changing you have to cycle through all of them by pressing the knob and it only goes in one direction, towards the least significant digit and when it reaches the end it jumps back to the most significant one. To make matters worse, if you switch between voltage and current, it forgets which digit you were previously changing, and it starts from the 3rd position (the hundreds). It's obviously not a huge problem, because you quickly get used to it, but it's a bit annoying and it can be easily corrected with a firmware update.

 

    If Keysight is reading these reviews, my suggestion would be to at least remember the position the cursor is on and for a better experience, allow two modes of operation (settable via the options menu):

          Option 1: As it is now, where pushing the knob shifts the cursor to the right.

          Option 2: When the knob is pressed, the cursor can change to indicate that you are now editing the cursor's position. You would then place the cursor on the digit you're interested in changing, by rotating the knob and a subsequent push on the knob would throw you back into digit value editing mode.

 

 

    Everything else about the interface seems well designed, that includes the menu which you navigate using the knob, but which suffers from the same issue as the cursor - it forgets where you were after you exit. There are also a couple of labels at the bottom of the screen (ERR, OCP, OVP, RMT and LCK), which gain a little arrow when they become relevant. That's good enough, but it would have been better if they lit up themselves. I suppose there just wasn't enough room under the OLED for the required LEDs. Personally, if that is the case, I would have had the labels cover the bottom part of the screen and would have used the OLED to turn them on and off, by allowing it to shine through them, but anyway, that's just me, I like indicators that light up. The way they did it is also fine and looks pretty good.

 

imageimageimage

    Note: I was not able to reproduce the correct shade of green, but the actual color is very clean (a clean green) and nice to look at.

 

    On the same topic of forgetting things, what may be the biggest usability issue of this supply, is that it doesn't remember its state. So once you turn it off and back on, it resumes to one of the default states that you can configure, but you can't tell it to turn on in the previous state. This is the first supply I encounter that doesn't allow this, most of them boot up with the previous voltage and current settings and the output off. I wish this one did the same.

 

    It may seem that I'm complaining, but I'm actually quite happy with the interface as a whole. It's not difficult to use, it's easy to read and it displays all the information you need, including the mode it's in (CV/CC) and if it's using the external sense wires or not (the 2w/4w in the top left corner).

 

    My hope is that a future firmware update will make it able to boot up in a previous state, with the output off, but I was worried that maybe it doesn't have enough EEPROM memory available, so I decided to take a look inside and figure out how much room it has for extra features.

 

image

 

    On the top board, I found an STM32 ARM MCU, which seems to be in charge of the 4 channel ADC (ADS1120 - low noise, 16-bit ADC) and is probably also responsible for setting the voltage and current limiting. Next to it, there's a an Atmel AT24C16C EEPROM that can hold 2 kb (16 kbits) of data, but I suspect this memory is used for calibration and it's not directly accessible to the main MCU, which is found on the bottom board.

 

image

 

    On the bottom board, we find the main MCU, which is another STM32 part, the STM32F427, more Atmel memory, the ethernet controller and not much else. The EEPROM here however is much smaller, only 128 bytes, being a AT24C01B and I suspect it's being used to store the settings for the 10 memory slots that they put at your disposal via the menu + a couple of other settings. Odds are that this memory is fully mapped, so there's no more room for extra stuff, but I wouldn't mind giving up a slot or two, or even more for that matter, to gain the ability to boot up using the previous settings I used, rather than the default or a set of settings that you manually store in one of the memory slots. If this is not possible, then perhaps there's more memory available on the top board and they can give access to that via the MCU in charge of that memory. Either way, it looks like that behaviour can be fixed and I sincerely hope that it will be.

 

 

Now the interesting stuff

    First of all, it has a 200 uF output capacitor, which is really on the low side, compared to what you find on other supplies, so not bad at all. When choosing an output capacitor for a power supply you're basically making a compromise between the transient response you aim for, ripple and how likely the power supply is to blow up your circuit, because it fails to enter in constant current mode fast enough. That happens because the output capacitor has to be drained first (by your DUT) before the supply has to source enough current to kick it into CC mode.

 

    For example, on this supply, with the 200 uF capacitor, if we were to connect a 1 Ohm load, while the supply was on, set to 5 V and 100 mA, it would deliver a peak current of about 4A, for a couple of microseconds (as shown in the picture below). That's really not that bad and it's part of the design choices you have to make when you build a lab power supply.

image

    (peak current when connecting a 1 Ohm load with 5 V on the output and 100 mA current limit)

 

    This is a very important aspect of a power supply and many manufacturers go for a large capacitor, because it buffs their ripple specs, but at the cost of reduced transient response and putting your DUT at greater risk. Be weary of cheap supplies with good ripple specs.

 

 

Ripple

 

    The ripple you get from a power supply, is dependent on the output capacitor, what kind of pre-regulation it has and how fast can the feedback loops respond to changes in the input waveform. High frequency ripple is bad, it's harder to suppress and it generally ends up all over your circuit, so if you can't completely eliminate it, it better be low frequency so you can easily suppress it on the DUT's power input.

 

    With that in mind, I started looking for high frequency content, under various conditions and I'm happy to report that nothing stood out. I only found low frequency ripple, which doesn't radiate as much and is easy to suppress. It seems to be almost entirely composed of the harmonics of the 50 Hz input signal.

 

    To my surprise, the ripple seems to be lower in constant current mode, as shown in the following screenshots:

imageimage
5 V, no load5 V, 500 mA load

 

And this is what it looks like in constant current mode:

imageimage
500 mA CC1 A CC

 

    I have another supply on my bench, with a 200 uF output capacitor and its output exhibits a regular and jittery 50 MHz spike that dominates the spectrum. What we find on the E36103A is more desirable and because of this I will favor it when powering RF circuits.

 

 

Accuracy and resolution

 

    Before we dive into accuracy, I have to say I was pleasantly surprised by the current readback. It has two ranges a 20 mA range with 1 uA resolution and an A range (I suspect 2 A), with 0.1 mA resolution, but only 1 mA on the screen, so very very good.

    The voltage gets displayed with 1 mV resolution across the entire range.

    From the front panel you can set the voltage with 1 mV resolution and the current with 1 mA resolution, however in the case of current, you get 100 uA resolution, if you set it programatically.

 

    Regarding accuracy, I have to say that the readback accuracy is great, even if the set accuracy has a small offset. I did a rather lengthy test, testing its accuracy across its entire voltage range and under various loads, testing set voltage and readback voltage and current accuracy. For this test, the voltage measurement was done using an Agilent 34410A 6 1/2 meter, directly at the binding posts of the power supply, with the supply set on external sensing, while the current was measured with a Brymen BM867. The readback error is calculated against the values read from the meters.

 

Set VLoadMeasured VMeasured IReadback VReadback IOffsetSet ErrorV Readback ErrorI Readback Error
0.0000.000000.00500.0000000.0050.0000.005100.00%-7.01%0.00%
0.0100.000000.01540.0000000.0160.0000.00553.71%-4.34%0.00%
0.0100.001000.01400.0016990.0150.0020.00440.25%-4.79%-7.41%
0.0100.010000.01300.0067960.0130.0070.00329.83%-3.07%0.52%
0.0200.000000.02460.0000000.0250.0000.00523.13%-3.14%0.00%
0.0200.001000.02310.0017360.0240.0020.00315.72%-3.92%-5.89%
0.0200.010000.02220.0101010.0230.0100.00210.90%-2.51%0.43%
0.0200.020000.02220.0116040.0230.0120.00210.83%-2.57%0.43%
0.0200.030000.02220.0115980.0230.0120.00210.77%-2.63%0.44%
0.0300.000000.03500.0000000.0350.0000.00516.55%-1.37%0.00%
0.0300.001000.03350.0017390.0340.0020.00411.69%-1.78%-6.07%
0.0300.010000.03260.0102650.0330.0100.0038.61%-0.60%0.41%
0.0400.000000.04530.0000000.0460.0000.00513.31%-1.78%0.00%
0.0400.001000.04390.0017500.0450.0020.0049.63%-2.13%-5.29%
0.0400.010000.04300.0102820.0430.0100.0037.38%-1.19%0.41%
0.0400.020000.04290.0203100.0430.0200.0037.29%-1.28%0.02%
0.0500.000000.05460.0000000.0550.0000.0059.10%-0.52%0.00%
0.0500.001000.05310.0017530.0530.0020.0036.15%-0.79%-4.50%
0.0500.010000.05220.0102910.0530.0100.0024.40%-1.19%0.46%
0.0500.020000.05220.0204410.0530.0200.0024.32%-1.26%0.67%
0.0600.000000.06490.0000000.0660.0000.0058.21%-0.92%0.00%
0.0600.001000.06340.0017490.0640.0020.0035.68%-0.18%-4.20%
0.0600.010000.06250.0102890.0630.0100.0034.25%-0.49%0.43%
0.0600.020000.06250.0204520.0630.0200.0034.19%-0.54%0.40%
0.0600.030000.06250.0300620.0630.0300.0034.18%-0.55%0.65%
0.0700.000000.07530.0000000.0760.0000.0057.54%-0.37%0.00%
0.0700.001000.07380.0017520.0750.0020.0045.37%-1.51%-3.56%
0.0700.010000.07290.0102870.0740.0100.0034.19%-0.83%0.43%
0.0700.020000.07290.0204510.0740.0200.0034.17%-0.85%0.08%
0.0700.030000.07290.0301540.0740.0300.0034.17%-0.86%0.09%
0.0800.000000.08450.0000000.0850.0000.0055.64%-0.47%0.00%
0.0800.001000.08300.0017540.0840.0020.0033.74%-0.70%-3.92%
0.0800.010000.08220.0102930.0830.0100.0022.74%-0.86%0.38%
0.0800.020000.08220.0204560.0830.0200.0022.73%-0.87%1.39%
0.0800.030000.08220.0301710.0830.0300.0022.70%-0.91%0.58%
0.0800.040000.08210.0402360.0830.0400.0022.67%-0.93%0.56%
0.0900.000000.09490.0000000.0960.0000.0055.43%-0.75%0.00%
0.0900.001000.09330.0017490.0940.0020.0033.71%-0.28%-2.85%
0.0900.010000.09260.0102930.0930.0100.0032.87%-0.38%0.44%
0.0900.020000.09250.0204580.0930.0200.0032.83%-0.42%0.75%
0.0900.030000.09250.0301720.0930.0300.0032.82%-0.42%0.15%
0.0900.040000.09250.0403210.0930.0400.0032.82%-0.43%0.29%
0.1000.000000.10530.0000000.1060.0000.0055.26%-0.35%0.00%
0.1000.001000.10370.0017520.1040.0020.0043.68%-0.59%-2.29%
0.1000.010000.10300.0102950.1040.0100.0032.97%-0.63%0.46%
0.1000.020000.10300.0204580.1040.0200.0032.97%-0.63%1.07%
0.1000.030000.10290.0301740.1040.0300.0032.95%-0.66%0.59%
0.1000.040000.10290.0403310.1040.0400.0032.93%-0.67%0.47%
0.1000.050000.10290.0504400.1040.0500.0032.93%-0.68%0.18%
0.2000.000000.20260.0000000.2030.0000.0031.32%-0.29%0.00%
0.2000.001000.20260.0017570.2030.0020.0031.32%-0.29%1.32%
0.2000.010000.20250.0103000.2030.0100.0031.25%-0.35%0.42%
0.2000.020000.20250.0204650.2030.0200.0021.24%-0.36%1.11%
0.2000.030000.20250.0301790.2030.0300.0021.23%-0.37%0.17%
0.2000.040000.20250.0403430.2030.0400.0021.24%-0.36%0.50%
0.2000.050000.20250.0505100.2030.0500.0021.24%-0.36%0.06%
0.2000.060000.20250.0601300.2030.0600.0021.23%-0.38%0.36%
0.2000.070000.20250.0703200.2030.0700.0021.23%-0.37%0.47%
0.2000.080000.20240.0805000.2030.0800.0021.22%-0.05%0.05%
0.2000.090000.20240.0901400.2030.0900.0021.22%-0.38%0.20%
0.2000.100000.20240.1003300.2030.1000.0021.21%-0.39%0.03%
0.2000.200000.20240.19980.2030.2010.0021.18%-0.10%-0.38%
0.2000.300000.20230.29940.2030.3000.0021.15%-0.12%-0.27%
0.3000.000000.30210.0000000.3030.0000.0020.70%-0.23%0.00%
0.3000.001000.30210.0017540.3030.0020.0020.70%-0.23%0.84%
0.3000.010000.30200.0102910.3030.0100.0020.68%-0.25%0.39%
0.3000.020000.30200.0204600.3030.0200.0020.67%-0.26%0.12%
0.3000.030000.30200.0301770.3030.0300.0020.66%-0.27%0.17%
0.3000.040000.30200.0403360.3030.0400.0020.65%-0.28%0.16%
0.3000.050000.30200.0505000.3020.0500.0020.66%-0.06%0.43%
0.3000.060000.30200.0601500.3020.0600.0020.66%-0.05%0.07%
0.3000.070000.30200.0703100.3030.0700.0020.65%-0.28%0.27%
0.3000.080000.30200.0805200.3030.0810.0020.66%-0.28%-0.00%
0.3000.090000.30200.0901800.3030.0900.0020.66%-0.28%0.25%
0.3000.100000.30200.1003800.3020.1000.0020.66%-0.06%0.02%
0.3000.200000.30190.19990.3020.2010.0020.62%-0.09%-0.37%
0.3000.300000.30190.29920.3020.3000.0020.62%-0.10%-0.40%
0.3000.400000.30180.39940.3020.4010.0020.60%-0.11%-0.32%
0.3000.500000.30180.49900.3020.5000.0020.59%-0.12%-0.25%
0.4000.000000.40280.0000000.4030.0000.0030.70%-0.07%0.00%
0.4000.001000.40280.0017580.4030.0020.0030.70%-0.07%1.12%
0.4000.010000.40270.0102960.4030.0100.0030.68%-0.09%0.42%
0.4000.020000.40270.0204580.4030.0200.0030.67%-0.09%0.43%
0.4000.030000.40270.0301730.4030.0300.0030.67%-0.10%0.59%
0.4000.040000.40270.0403400.4030.0400.0030.67%-0.10%0.66%
0.4000.050000.40270.0505100.4030.0500.0030.67%-0.10%0.58%
0.4000.060000.40270.0601500.4030.0600.0030.66%-0.10%0.07%
0.4000.070000.40260.0703100.4030.0700.0030.66%-0.11%0.08%
0.4000.080000.40270.0805000.4030.0800.0030.66%-0.10%0.29%
0.4000.090000.40260.0901500.4030.0900.0030.66%-0.11%-0.00%
0.4000.100000.40260.1003800.4030.1000.0030.66%-0.11%0.15%
0.4000.200000.40260.2006900.4030.2000.0030.65%-0.12%0.12%
0.4000.300000.40250.29890.4030.3000.0030.63%-0.14%-0.43%
0.4000.400000.40250.39960.4030.4010.0030.63%-0.14%-0.27%
0.4000.500000.40250.49950.4030.5000.0020.62%-0.15%-0.19%
0.4000.600000.40240.59960.4030.6010.0020.61%-0.16%-0.17%
0.4000.700000.40240.69990.4030.7010.0020.60%-0.16%-0.16%
0.5000.000000.50230.0000000.5030.0000.0020.46%-0.07%0.00%
0.5000.001000.50230.0017500.5030.0020.0020.46%-0.08%0.76%
0.5000.010000.50220.0102950.5030.0100.0020.45%-0.08%0.36%
0.5000.020000.50220.0204620.5030.0200.0020.44%-0.09%1.09%
0.5000.030000.50220.0301730.5030.0300.0020.44%-0.09%0.15%
0.5000.040000.50220.0403380.5030.0400.0020.44%-0.09%0.65%
0.5000.050000.50220.0505000.5030.0500.0020.44%-0.09%0.30%
0.5000.060000.50220.0601400.5030.0600.0020.44%-0.09%0.38%
0.5000.070000.50220.0703100.5030.0700.0020.44%-0.10%0.08%
0.5000.080000.50220.0804800.5030.0800.0020.44%-0.10%0.27%
0.5000.090000.50220.0902000.5030.0900.0020.43%-0.10%0.05%
0.5000.100000.50220.1003800.5030.1000.0020.43%-0.10%0.08%
0.5000.200000.50210.2007000.5030.2010.0020.42%-0.11%0.06%
0.5000.300000.50200.29890.5030.3000.0020.41%-0.13%-0.50%
0.5000.400000.50200.39920.5030.4010.0020.40%-0.13%-0.35%
0.5000.500000.50200.49910.5030.5000.0020.39%-0.14%-0.24%
0.5000.600000.50190.59970.5020.6010.0020.38%-0.02%-0.15%
0.5000.700000.50190.69990.5020.7010.0020.38%-0.02%-0.14%
0.5000.800000.50190.80000.5020.8010.0020.37%-0.03%-0.09%
0.5000.900000.50180.90000.5020.9010.0020.37%-0.03%-0.12%
0.6000.000000.60180.0000000.6020.0000.0020.30%-0.07%0.00%
0.6000.001000.60180.0017510.6020.0020.0020.30%-0.08%0.50%
0.6000.010000.60170.0102920.6020.0100.0020.29%-0.09%0.38%
0.6000.020000.60170.0204600.6020.0200.0020.29%-0.09%0.12%
0.6000.030000.60170.0301770.6020.0300.0020.29%-0.09%0.60%
0.6000.040000.60170.0403360.6020.0400.0020.28%-0.09%0.00%
0.6000.050000.60170.0505000.6020.0500.0020.29%-0.09%0.56%
0.6000.060000.60170.0601100.6020.0600.0020.29%-0.09%-0.10%
0.6000.070000.60170.0703100.6020.0700.0020.28%-0.09%0.08%
0.6000.080000.60170.0805100.6020.0800.0020.28%-0.09%0.31%
0.6000.090000.60170.0902000.6020.0900.0020.28%-0.10%0.05%
0.6000.100000.60170.1003500.6020.1000.0020.28%-0.09%0.12%
0.6000.200000.60160.2007100.6020.2010.0020.27%-0.10%0.07%
0.6000.300000.60160.3004500.6020.3000.0020.27%-0.11%0.06%
0.6000.400000.60150.39990.6020.4010.0020.25%-0.12%-0.16%
0.6000.500000.60150.49960.6020.5000.0010.25%-0.13%-0.13%
0.6000.600000.60140.59980.6020.6010.0010.24%-0.14%-0.12%
0.6000.700000.60140.70000.6020.7010.0010.23%-0.03%-0.12%
0.6000.800000.60140.79950.6020.8010.0010.23%-0.03%-0.15%
0.6000.900000.60140.89990.6020.9010.0010.23%-0.04%-0.11%
0.6001.000000.60140.99970.6021.0010.0010.23%-0.04%-0.11%
0.7000.000000.70250.0000000.7030.0000.0020.35%-0.10%0.00%
0.7000.001000.70250.0017530.7030.0020.0020.35%-0.10%0.49%
0.7000.010000.70240.0102970.7030.0100.0020.35%-0.11%0.37%
0.7000.020000.70240.0204660.7030.0200.0020.34%-0.11%1.11%
0.7000.030000.70240.0301790.7030.0300.0020.34%-0.11%0.82%
0.7000.040000.70240.0403430.7030.0400.0020.34%-0.11%0.18%
0.7000.050000.70240.0504800.7030.0500.0020.34%-0.11%0.39%
0.7000.060000.70240.0601500.7030.0600.0020.34%-0.12%0.07%
0.7000.070000.70240.0703200.7030.0700.0020.34%-0.11%0.28%
0.7000.080000.70230.0805200.7030.0800.0020.34%-0.12%0.16%
0.7000.090000.70240.0902100.7030.0900.0020.34%-0.02%0.28%
0.7000.100000.70230.1003900.7030.1000.0020.33%-0.03%0.16%
0.7000.200000.70230.2007100.7030.2010.0020.33%-0.03%0.04%
0.7000.300000.70230.3004600.7030.3000.0020.33%-0.03%0.04%
0.7000.400000.70220.39980.7030.4010.0020.31%-0.05%-0.20%
0.7000.500000.70220.49960.7030.5000.0020.31%-0.05%-0.18%
0.7000.600000.70220.59970.7030.6010.0020.31%-0.05%-0.16%
0.7000.700000.70210.70000.7030.7010.0020.30%-0.06%-0.14%
0.7000.800000.70210.79990.7030.8010.0020.30%-0.06%-0.10%
0.7000.900000.70210.89980.7030.9010.0020.30%-0.06%-0.13%
0.7001.000000.70200.99970.7031.0010.0020.29%-0.07%-0.10%
0.8000.000000.80200.0000000.8030.0000.0020.25%-0.10%0.00%
0.8000.001000.80200.0017570.8030.0020.0020.25%-0.10%0.36%
0.8000.010000.80200.0103010.8020.0100.0020.24%-0.02%0.38%
0.8000.020000.80190.0204680.8020.0200.0020.24%-0.02%0.16%
0.8000.030000.80190.0301750.8020.0300.0020.24%-0.02%0.16%
0.8000.040000.80190.0403400.8020.0400.0020.24%-0.02%0.01%
0.8000.050000.80190.0505100.8030.0500.0020.24%-0.11%0.45%
0.8000.060000.80190.0601500.8020.0600.0020.24%-0.03%0.40%
0.8000.070000.80190.0703200.8020.0700.0020.24%-0.03%0.10%
0.8000.080000.80190.0805200.8020.0800.0020.23%-0.03%0.16%
0.8000.090000.80190.0901500.8020.0900.0020.23%-0.03%0.21%
0.8000.100000.80190.1003800.8020.1000.0020.23%-0.03%0.21%
0.8000.200000.80180.2007100.8020.2010.0020.23%-0.03%0.04%
0.8000.300000.80180.3004600.8020.3000.0020.23%-0.04%0.06%
0.8000.400000.80180.4007700.8020.4000.0020.22%-0.04%0.07%
0.8000.500000.80170.49980.8020.5000.0020.21%-0.05%-0.09%
0.8000.600000.80170.59940.8020.6010.0020.21%-0.06%-0.22%
0.8000.700000.80160.70000.8020.7010.0020.21%-0.06%-0.13%
0.8000.800000.80160.79990.8020.8010.0020.20%-0.06%-0.08%
0.8000.900000.80160.90000.8020.9010.0020.20%-0.06%-0.11%
0.8001.000000.80160.99950.8021.0010.0020.20%-0.06%-0.13%
0.9000.000000.90270.0000000.9030.0000.0030.30%-0.04%0.00%
0.9000.001000.90270.0017540.9030.0020.0030.30%-0.04%0.18%
0.9000.010000.90260.0102950.9030.0100.0030.29%-0.04%0.37%
0.9000.020000.90260.0204580.9030.0200.0030.29%-0.05%0.11%
0.9000.030000.90260.0301740.9030.0300.0030.29%-0.05%0.16%
0.9000.040000.90260.0403350.9030.0400.0030.29%-0.05%0.48%
0.9000.050000.90260.0505000.9030.0500.0030.29%-0.05%0.56%
0.9000.060000.90260.0601400.9030.0600.0030.29%-0.05%0.27%
0.9000.070000.90260.0703100.9030.0700.0030.29%-0.05%-0.01%
0.9000.080000.90260.0805000.9030.0800.0030.29%-0.05%0.29%
0.9000.090000.90260.0902000.9030.0900.0030.28%-0.05%0.05%
0.9000.100000.90260.1003900.9030.1000.0030.29%-0.05%0.16%
0.9000.200000.90250.2007100.9030.2000.0030.28%-0.06%0.13%
0.9000.300000.90250.3004700.9030.3000.0020.28%-0.06%0.07%
0.9000.400000.90240.4007900.9030.4010.0020.27%-0.07%0.06%
0.9000.500000.90240.49950.9030.5000.0020.27%-0.07%-0.20%
0.9000.600000.90240.59970.9020.6010.0020.26%0.00%-0.18%
0.9000.700000.90230.70020.9020.7010.0020.26%-0.00%-0.09%
0.9000.800000.90230.79910.9030.8010.0020.26%-0.08%-0.21%
0.9000.900000.90230.89990.9020.9010.0020.25%-0.01%-0.12%
0.9001.000000.90230.99980.9021.0010.0020.25%-0.01%-0.11%
0.9001.500000.90211.50000.9021.5010.0020.24%-0.02%-0.06%
1.0000.000001.00220.0000001.0030.0000.0020.22%-0.04%0.00%
1.0000.001001.00220.0017601.0030.0020.0020.22%-0.04%0.61%
1.0000.010001.00220.0103021.0030.0100.0020.22%-0.05%0.38%
1.0000.020001.00210.0204641.0030.0200.0020.21%-0.05%0.46%
1.0000.030001.00210.0301751.0030.0300.0020.21%-0.05%0.16%
1.0000.040001.00210.0403421.0030.0400.0020.21%-0.05%0.50%
1.0000.050001.00210.0505101.0030.0500.0020.21%-0.05%0.45%
1.0000.060001.00210.0601501.0030.0600.0020.21%-0.05%0.07%
1.0000.070001.00210.0703101.0030.0700.0020.21%-0.05%0.18%
1.0000.080001.00210.0805101.0030.0800.0020.21%-0.05%0.31%
1.0000.090001.00210.0901601.0030.0900.0020.21%-0.06%0.08%
1.0000.100001.00210.1003901.0030.1000.0020.21%-0.05%0.29%
1.0000.200001.00200.2007101.0030.2010.0020.20%-0.06%0.07%
1.0000.300001.00200.3004701.0030.3000.0020.20%-0.06%0.09%
1.0000.400001.00200.4008001.0030.4010.0020.19%-0.07%0.03%
1.0000.500001.00190.49941.0030.5000.0020.19%-0.07%-0.22%
1.0000.600001.00190.59941.0030.6010.0020.19%-0.07%-0.24%
1.0000.700001.00190.69981.0020.7010.0020.19%-0.01%-0.18%
1.0000.800001.00190.79991.0020.8010.0020.18%-0.01%-0.11%
1.0000.900001.00180.89941.0020.9010.0020.18%-0.01%-0.17%
1.0001.000001.00180.99971.0021.0010.0020.18%-0.02%-0.11%
1.0001.500001.00171.49981.0021.5010.0020.17%-0.03%-0.07%
2.0000.000002.00210.0000002.0030.0000.0020.10%-0.03%0.00%
2.0000.001002.00210.0017662.0030.0020.0020.10%-0.02%0.30%
2.0000.010002.00210.0103072.0030.0100.0020.10%-0.02%0.37%
2.0000.020002.00210.0204742.0030.0200.0020.10%-0.02%0.51%
2.0000.030002.00200.0301912.0030.0300.0020.10%-0.03%0.65%
2.0000.040002.00210.0403552.0030.0400.0020.10%-0.02%0.21%
2.0000.050002.00200.0505202.0030.0500.0020.10%-0.03%0.08%
2.0000.060002.00200.0601602.0030.0600.0020.10%-0.03%0.09%
2.0000.070002.00200.0702702.0030.0700.0020.10%-0.03%0.12%
2.0000.080002.00200.0805202.0030.0810.0020.10%-0.03%-0.00%
2.0000.090002.00200.0902102.0030.0900.0020.10%-0.03%0.21%
2.0000.100002.00200.1003902.0030.1000.0020.10%-0.03%0.03%
2.0000.200002.00200.2007202.0030.2000.0020.10%-0.03%0.14%
2.0000.300002.00190.3004702.0030.3000.0020.09%-0.03%0.07%
2.0000.400002.00190.4008002.0030.4010.0020.09%-0.03%0.02%
2.0000.500002.00190.49932.0020.5000.0020.09%0.00%-0.23%
2.0000.600002.00190.59982.0020.6010.0020.09%-0.00%-0.17%
2.0000.700002.00190.69972.0020.7010.0020.09%-0.00%-0.17%
2.0000.800002.00180.80002.0020.8010.0020.09%-0.00%-0.10%
2.0000.900002.00180.90002.0020.9010.0020.09%-0.01%-0.11%
2.0001.000002.00170.99982.0021.0010.0020.09%-0.01%-0.11%
2.0001.500002.00161.50002.0021.5010.0020.08%-0.01%-0.05%
2.0001.900002.00151.90002.0011.9010.0020.08%0.02%-0.04%
3.0000.000003.00090.0000003.0010.0000.0010.03%-0.01%0.00%
3.0000.001003.00090.0017673.0010.0020.0010.03%-0.01%0.12%
3.0000.010003.00080.0103093.0010.0100.0010.03%-0.01%0.36%
3.0000.020003.00080.0204663.0010.0200.0010.03%-0.01%1.11%
3.0000.030003.00080.0301863.0010.0300.0010.03%-0.01%0.63%
3.0000.040003.00080.0403543.0010.0400.0010.03%-0.01%0.21%
3.0000.050003.00080.0505103.0010.0500.0010.03%-0.01%0.45%
3.0000.060003.00080.0601603.0010.0600.0010.03%-0.01%-0.02%
3.0000.070003.00080.0703303.0010.0700.0010.03%-0.01%0.11%
3.0000.080003.00080.0804703.0010.0800.0010.03%-0.01%0.17%
3.0000.090003.00080.0901903.0010.0900.0010.03%-0.01%-0.03%
3.0000.100003.00080.1004003.0010.1000.0010.03%-0.01%0.10%
3.0000.200003.00070.2007303.0010.2000.0010.02%-0.01%0.14%
3.0000.300003.00070.3004903.0010.3000.0010.02%-0.02%0.10%
3.0000.400003.00070.4008003.0010.4010.0010.02%-0.02%0.03%
3.0000.500003.00070.49963.0010.5000.0010.02%-0.01%-0.15%
3.0000.600003.00070.59933.0010.6010.0010.02%-0.02%-0.26%
3.0000.700003.00070.69953.0010.7010.0010.02%-0.02%-0.23%
3.0000.800003.00070.79973.0000.8010.0010.02%0.01%-0.12%
3.0000.900003.00060.90003.0010.9010.0010.02%-0.02%-0.11%
3.0001.000003.00061.00003.0001.0010.0010.02%0.00%-0.10%
3.0001.500003.00041.49993.0001.5010.0000.01%-0.00%-0.06%
3.0001.900003.00031.90043.0001.9010.0000.01%-0.00%-0.02%
4.0000.000004.00080.0000004.0010.0000.0010.02%-0.01%0.00%
4.0000.001004.00080.0017684.0010.0020.0010.02%-0.01%-0.03%
4.0000.010004.00080.0103104.0010.0100.0010.02%-0.01%0.33%
4.0000.020004.00080.0204754.0010.0200.0010.02%-0.01%0.51%
4.0000.030004.00080.0301944.0010.0300.0010.02%-0.01%0.66%
4.0000.040004.00080.0403544.0010.0400.0010.02%-0.01%-0.11%
4.0000.050004.00080.0505204.0010.0500.0010.02%-0.01%0.08%
4.0000.060004.00080.0601204.0010.0600.0010.02%-0.01%0.35%
4.0000.070004.00080.0703304.0010.0700.0010.02%-0.01%-0.07%
4.0000.080004.00080.0805304.0010.0800.0010.02%-0.01%0.25%
4.0000.090004.00080.0902204.0010.0900.0010.02%-0.01%0.22%
4.0000.100004.00070.1004004.0010.1000.0010.02%-0.01%-0.02%
4.0000.200004.00070.2007304.0010.2010.0010.02%-0.01%0.08%
4.0000.300004.00070.3004804.0010.3000.0010.02%-0.01%0.03%
4.0000.400004.00070.4008104.0010.4010.0010.02%-0.01%0.03%
4.0000.500004.00080.49924.0010.5000.0010.02%-0.01%-0.23%
4.0000.600004.00070.59944.0010.6010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.25%
4.0000.700004.00070.69994.0010.7010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.16%
4.0000.800004.00070.79984.0000.8010.0010.02%0.01%-0.11%
4.0000.900004.00070.89984.0010.9010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.14%
4.0001.000004.00060.99934.0001.0010.0010.02%0.01%-0.14%
4.0001.500004.00051.49944.0001.5010.0000.01%0.00%-0.10%
4.0001.900004.00041.90014.0001.9010.0000.01%0.00%-0.04%
5.0000.000005.00090.0000005.0010.0000.0010.02%-0.00%0.00%
5.0000.001005.00090.0017825.0020.0020.0010.02%-0.02%0.53%
5.0000.010005.00090.0103215.0010.0100.0010.02%-0.00%0.31%
5.0000.020005.00080.0204925.0020.0200.0010.02%-0.02%0.28%
5.0000.030005.00090.0302055.0010.0300.0010.02%-0.00%0.05%
5.0000.040005.00090.0403685.0010.0400.0010.02%-0.00%-0.08%
5.0000.050005.00090.0505205.0010.0500.0010.02%-0.00%0.08%
5.0000.060005.00080.0601805.0010.0600.0010.02%-0.00%0.01%
5.0000.070005.00090.0703405.0010.0700.0010.02%-0.00%-0.06%
5.0000.080005.00080.0805405.0010.0800.0010.02%-0.00%0.26%
5.0000.090005.00090.0902505.0010.0900.0010.02%-0.00%0.11%
5.0000.100005.00080.1003905.0010.1000.0010.02%-0.00%-0.03%
5.0000.200005.00080.2007405.0010.2010.0010.02%-0.00%-0.01%
5.0000.300005.00080.3005005.0010.3000.0010.02%-0.00%0.10%
5.0000.400005.00080.4008205.0010.4010.0010.02%-0.01%0.02%
5.0000.500005.00090.49945.0010.5000.0010.02%-0.00%-0.19%
5.0000.600005.00080.59985.0010.6010.0010.02%-0.00%-0.15%
5.0000.700005.00080.69975.0010.7010.0010.02%-0.00%-0.19%
5.0000.800005.00080.79925.0010.8010.0010.02%-0.00%-0.21%
5.0000.900005.00080.89995.0010.9010.0010.02%-0.00%-0.15%
5.0001.000005.00080.99985.0011.0010.0010.02%-0.00%-0.12%
5.0001.500005.00061.49975.0011.5010.0010.01%-0.01%-0.07%
5.0001.900005.00051.90015.0001.9010.0000.01%0.00%-0.05%
6.0000.000006.00110.0000006.0020.0000.0010.02%-0.01%0.00%
6.0000.001006.00110.0017876.0020.0020.0010.02%-0.01%0.26%
6.0000.010006.00110.0103296.0020.0100.0010.02%-0.01%0.34%
6.0000.020006.00110.0204956.0020.0200.0010.02%-0.01%0.29%
6.0000.030006.00100.0302136.0020.0300.0010.02%-0.01%0.72%
6.0000.040006.00100.0403746.0020.0400.0010.02%-0.01%0.10%
6.0000.050006.00100.0505406.0020.0500.0010.02%-0.01%0.38%
6.0000.060006.00100.0601706.0020.0600.0010.02%-0.01%0.11%
6.0000.070006.00100.0703506.0020.0700.0010.02%-0.01%0.14%
6.0000.080006.00100.0805406.0020.0810.0010.02%-0.01%0.02%
6.0000.090006.00100.0902406.0020.0900.0010.02%-0.01%0.10%
6.0000.100006.00100.1003706.0020.1000.0010.02%-0.01%0.07%
6.0000.200006.00100.2007406.0020.2010.0010.02%-0.01%0.02%
6.0000.300006.00100.3005006.0020.3000.0010.02%-0.01%0.10%
6.0000.400006.00090.4008206.0010.4010.0010.01%-0.00%0.04%
6.0000.500006.00110.49896.0020.5010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.35%
6.0000.600006.00100.59966.0020.6010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.22%
6.0000.700006.00100.70006.0020.7010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.18%
6.0000.800006.00100.79976.0020.8010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.13%
6.0000.900006.00090.89996.0020.9010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.12%
6.0001.000006.00090.99946.0021.0010.0010.02%-0.01%-0.14%
6.0001.500006.00081.49986.0011.5010.0010.01%-0.00%-0.07%
6.0001.900006.00061.90026.0011.9010.0010.01%-0.01%-0.03%
7.0000.000007.00010.0000007.0010.0000.0000.00%-0.01%0.00%
7.0000.001007.00010.0017877.0010.0020.0000.00%-0.01%0.39%
7.0000.010007.00010.0103337.0010.0100.0000.00%-0.01%0.40%
7.0000.020007.00010.0204987.0010.0200.0000.00%-0.01%0.31%
7.0000.030007.00010.0302107.0010.0300.0000.00%-0.01%-0.15%
7.0000.040007.00010.0403757.0010.0400.0000.00%-0.01%0.10%
7.0000.050007.00000.0505407.0010.0500.0000.00%-0.01%0.38%
7.0000.060007.00010.0601907.0010.0600.0000.00%-0.01%0.03%
7.0000.070007.00010.0703507.0010.0700.0000.00%-0.01%0.33%
7.0000.080007.00010.0805407.0010.0810.0000.00%-0.01%-0.06%
7.0000.090007.00010.0902407.0010.0900.0000.00%-0.01%0.17%
7.0000.100007.00010.1004307.0010.1000.0000.00%-0.01%0.01%
7.0000.200007.00000.2007507.0010.2000.0000.00%-0.01%0.15%
7.0000.300007.00000.3005007.0010.300-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.08%
7.0000.400006.99990.4008207.0010.401-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.04%
7.0000.500007.00010.49937.0010.5010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.27%
7.0000.600007.00010.59957.0010.6010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.23%
7.0000.700007.00010.69997.0000.7010.0000.00%-0.00%-0.16%
7.0000.800007.00000.79967.0000.801-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.14%
7.0000.900007.00000.89977.0010.901-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.16%
7.0001.000007.00000.99957.0011.001-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.15%
7.0001.500006.99991.49977.0001.501-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.08%
7.0001.900006.99981.90037.0001.901-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.02%
8.0000.000008.00020.0000008.0010.0000.0000.00%-0.01%0.00%
8.0000.001008.00040.0017918.0010.0020.0000.00%-0.01%0.38%
8.0000.010008.00030.0103338.0010.0100.0000.00%-0.01%0.26%
8.0000.020008.00030.0205018.0010.0200.0000.00%-0.01%0.96%
8.0000.030008.00030.0302138.0010.0300.0000.00%-0.01%0.07%
8.0000.040008.00030.0403748.0010.0400.0000.00%-0.01%0.58%
8.0000.050008.00020.0505508.0010.0500.0000.00%-0.01%0.40%
8.0000.060008.00020.0601908.0010.0600.0000.00%-0.01%0.03%
8.0000.070008.00030.0703608.0010.0700.0000.00%-0.01%0.25%
8.0000.080008.00030.0805508.0010.0810.0000.00%-0.01%0.03%
8.0000.090008.00030.0902008.0010.0900.0000.00%-0.01%0.05%
8.0000.100008.00030.1004208.0010.1000.0000.00%-0.01%-0.00%
8.0000.200008.00020.2007508.0010.2010.0000.00%-0.01%0.02%
8.0000.300008.00020.3005008.0010.3000.0000.00%-0.01%0.06%
8.0000.400008.00010.4008308.0010.4010.0000.00%-0.01%0.02%
8.0000.500008.00030.49908.0010.5010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.31%
8.0000.600008.00030.59968.0010.6010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.21%
8.0000.700008.00030.69968.0010.7010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.23%
8.0000.800008.00020.79958.0010.8010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.17%
8.0000.900008.00020.90018.0010.9010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.12%
8.0001.000008.00010.99918.0011.0010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.16%
8.0001.500008.00001.49998.0011.5010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.06%
8.0001.900008.00001.90018.0001.901-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.03%
9.0000.000009.00050.0000009.0010.0000.0010.01%-0.01%0.00%
9.0000.001009.00060.0017939.0010.0020.0010.01%-0.01%0.30%
9.0000.010009.00050.0103389.0010.0100.0010.01%-0.01%0.29%
9.0000.020009.00060.0205059.0010.0200.0010.01%-0.01%0.03%
9.0000.030009.00050.0302209.0010.0300.0010.01%-0.01%0.53%
9.0000.040009.00050.0403829.0010.0400.0000.01%-0.01%0.28%
9.0000.050009.00050.0505509.0010.0500.0000.01%-0.01%0.14%
9.0000.060009.00050.0601809.0010.0600.0000.01%-0.01%0.12%
9.0000.070009.00050.0703609.0010.0700.0010.01%-0.01%0.25%
9.0000.080009.00050.0805509.0010.0800.0010.01%-0.00%0.11%
9.0000.090009.00050.0901909.0010.0900.0000.01%-0.01%-0.10%
9.0000.100009.00040.1004309.0010.1000.0000.00%-0.01%-0.06%
9.0000.200009.00040.2007609.0010.2000.0000.00%-0.01%0.16%
9.0000.300009.00040.3005109.0010.3000.0000.00%-0.00%0.06%
9.0000.400009.00030.4008309.0010.4010.0000.00%-0.00%0.06%
9.0000.500009.00050.49899.0010.5010.0010.01%-0.01%-0.36%
9.0000.600009.00040.59939.0010.6010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.25%
9.0000.700009.00050.69999.0010.7010.0010.01%-0.01%-0.19%
9.0000.800009.00040.79969.0010.8010.0000.00%-0.00%-0.16%
9.0000.900009.00040.89969.0010.9010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.19%
9.0001.000009.00040.99949.0011.0010.0000.00%-0.00%-0.16%
9.0001.500009.00031.49999.0011.5010.0000.00%-0.00%-0.06%
9.0001.900009.00011.89999.0011.9010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.05%
10.0000.000009.99950.00000010.0010.000-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.00%
10.0000.001009.99960.00180310.0010.002-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.11%
10.0000.010009.99960.01035010.0010.010-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.31%
10.0000.020009.99960.02051810.0010.021-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.22%
10.0000.030009.99950.03022910.0000.030-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.56%
10.0000.040009.99960.04039610.0010.040-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.01%
10.0000.050009.99960.05055010.0010.051-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.12%
10.0000.060009.99960.06021010.0010.060-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.28%
10.0000.070009.99950.07037010.0010.070-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.17%
10.0000.080009.99960.08056010.0010.080-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.13%
10.0000.090009.99960.09026010.0000.090-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.02%
10.0000.100009.99950.10039010.0000.100-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.03%
10.0000.200009.99950.20077010.0010.201-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.07%
10.0000.300009.99950.30052010.0000.300-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.11%
10.0000.400009.99940.40085010.0000.401-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.03%
10.0000.500009.99960.499110.0010.501-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.31%
10.0000.600009.99960.599610.0010.601-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.18%
10.0000.700009.99950.700010.0000.701-0.001-0.01%-0.00%-0.15%
10.0000.800009.99950.799610.0010.801-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.15%
10.0000.900009.99940.899810.0000.901-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.16%
10.0001.000009.99940.999910.0001.001-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.09%
10.0001.500009.99931.499810.0001.501-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.08%
10.0001.900009.99921.900210.0001.901-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.04%
11.0000.0000010.99980.00000011.0010.000-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.00%
11.0000.0010010.99980.00181311.0010.002-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.06%
11.0000.0100010.99990.01036111.0010.010-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.27%
11.0000.0200010.99980.02052511.0010.021-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.50%
11.0000.0300010.99990.03024011.0010.030-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.59%
11.0000.0400010.99970.04040711.0010.040-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.14%
11.0000.0500010.99970.05057011.0010.050-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.18%
11.0000.0600010.99980.06021011.0010.060-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.04%
11.0000.0700010.99980.07038011.0010.070-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.09%
11.0000.0800010.99980.08053011.0010.081-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.07%
11.0000.0900010.99980.09026011.0010.090-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.12%
11.0000.1000010.99980.10045011.0010.100-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.15%
11.0000.2000010.99980.20077011.0010.201-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.10%
11.0000.3000010.99970.30053011.0010.300-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.02%
11.0000.4000010.99960.40085011.0010.401-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.06%
11.0000.5000010.99990.499311.0010.501-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.25%
11.0000.6000010.99970.599911.0010.601-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.18%
11.0000.7000010.99970.700011.0010.701-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.18%
11.0000.8000010.99980.799211.0010.801-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.22%
11.0000.9000010.99970.900011.0010.901-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.12%
11.0001.0000010.99970.999711.0011.001-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.11%
11.0001.5000010.99961.499711.0001.501-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.09%
11.0001.9000010.99941.899711.0001.901-0.001-0.01%-0.00%-0.06%
12.0000.0000011.99990.00000012.0010.000-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.00%
12.0000.0010011.99990.00181812.0010.002-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.27%
12.0000.0100011.99990.01036412.0010.010-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.36%
12.0000.0200011.99990.02052612.0010.020-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.76%
12.0000.0300011.99990.03024112.0010.030-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.16%
12.0000.0400011.99980.04040712.0010.040-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.50%
12.0000.0500012.00000.05057012.0010.0510.0000.00%-0.00%0.05%
12.0000.0600011.99990.06021012.0010.060-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.04%
12.0000.0700012.00000.07036012.0010.0700.0000.00%-0.01%-0.03%
12.0000.0800012.00000.08057012.0010.0800.0000.00%-0.01%0.22%
12.0000.0900011.99980.09027012.0010.090-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.01%
12.0000.1000011.99990.10045012.0010.100-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.04%
12.0000.2000011.99990.20078012.0010.201-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.10%
12.0000.3000011.99990.30053012.0010.300-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.07%
12.0000.4000011.99990.40085012.0010.401-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.01%
12.0000.5000011.99990.499212.0010.501-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.27%
12.0000.6000011.99980.599412.0010.601-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.25%
12.0000.7000011.99980.699612.0010.701-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.24%
12.0000.8000011.99980.799712.0010.801-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.14%
12.0000.9000011.99980.900012.0010.901-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.14%
12.0001.0000011.99980.999612.0011.001-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.14%
12.0001.5000011.99961.499712.0011.501-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.08%
12.0001.9000011.99951.900012.0001.901-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.05%
13.0000.0000013.00020.00000013.0010.0000.0000.00%-0.01%0.00%
13.0000.0010013.00020.00181813.0010.0020.0000.00%-0.01%-0.20%
13.0000.0100013.00010.01035913.0010.0100.0000.00%-0.01%0.26%
13.0000.0200013.00010.02052513.0010.0210.0000.00%-0.01%-0.19%
13.0000.0300013.00020.03024313.0010.0300.0000.00%-0.01%0.60%
13.0000.0400013.00020.04040613.0010.0400.0000.00%-0.01%0.34%
13.0000.0500013.00010.05057013.0010.0510.0000.00%-0.01%-0.08%
13.0000.0600013.00010.06022013.0010.0600.0000.00%-0.01%0.30%
13.0000.0700013.00010.07038013.0010.0700.0000.00%-0.01%-0.09%
13.0000.0800013.00020.08058013.0010.0810.0000.00%-0.01%-0.01%
13.0000.0900013.00000.09021013.0010.0900.0000.00%-0.01%-0.01%
13.0000.1000013.00010.10046013.0010.1000.0000.00%-0.01%0.04%
13.0000.2000013.00000.20079013.0010.2010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.02%
13.0000.3000013.00010.30054013.0010.3010.0000.00%-0.01%0.00%
13.0000.4000012.99990.40086013.0010.401-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.03%
13.0000.5000013.00020.499813.0010.5010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.15%
13.0000.6000013.00010.599313.0010.6010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.28%
13.0000.7000013.00010.700013.0010.7010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.15%
13.0000.8000013.00010.799513.0010.8010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.19%
13.0000.9000013.00010.899713.0010.9010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.18%
13.0001.0000013.00000.999513.0011.0010.0000.00%-0.01%-0.13%
13.0001.5000012.99991.499713.0001.501-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.09%
13.0001.9000012.99981.900213.0001.901-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.03%
14.0000.0000013.99910.00000014.0000.000-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.00%
14.0000.0010013.99910.00182114.0000.002-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.29%
14.0000.0100013.99920.01036314.0000.010-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.26%
14.0000.0200013.99910.02052914.0000.020-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.14%
14.0000.0300013.99910.03024714.0000.030-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.62%
14.0000.0400013.99920.04040714.0000.040-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.18%
14.0000.0500013.99900.05057014.0000.051-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.08%
14.0000.0600013.99910.06020014.0000.060-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.05%
14.0000.0700013.99900.07038014.0000.070-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.18%
14.0000.0800013.99900.08058014.0000.080-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.15%
14.0000.0900013.99910.09022014.0000.090-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.14%
14.0000.1000013.99900.10043014.0000.100-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.13%
14.0000.2000013.99900.20079014.0000.201-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.02%
14.0000.3000013.99900.30054014.0000.300-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.07%
14.0000.4000013.99890.40087014.0000.401-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.07%
14.0000.5000013.99930.499214.0000.500-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.26%
14.0000.6000013.99920.599714.0000.601-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.21%
14.0000.7000013.99930.699914.0000.701-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.17%
14.0000.8000013.99920.799514.0000.801-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.16%
14.0000.9000013.99920.899214.0000.901-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.23%
14.0001.0000013.99910.999714.0001.001-0.001-0.01%-0.00%-0.12%
14.0001.5000013.99891.499814.0001.501-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.07%
14.0001.9000013.99881.900314.0001.901-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.03%
15.0000.0000014.99940.00000015.0000.000-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.00%
15.0000.0010014.99940.00182515.0000.002-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.44%
15.0000.0100014.99930.01037115.0000.010-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.23%
15.0000.0200014.99930.02053515.0000.021-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.14%
15.0000.0300014.99930.03025415.0000.030-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.64%
15.0000.0400014.99950.04041815.0000.041-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.27%
15.0000.0500014.99940.05058015.0000.051-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.07%
15.0000.0600014.99930.06023015.0000.060-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.12%
15.0000.0700014.99920.07032015.0000.070-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.18%
15.0000.0800014.99940.08060015.0000.081-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.09%
15.0000.0900014.99930.09028015.0000.090-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.00%
15.0000.1000014.99940.10047015.0000.100-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.17%
15.0000.2000014.99930.20079015.0000.201-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.04%
15.0000.3000014.99920.30054015.0000.300-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.07%
15.0000.4000014.99910.40087015.0000.401-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.03%
15.0000.5000014.99940.499515.0000.501-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.23%
15.0000.6000014.99950.599515.0000.601-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.22%
15.0000.7000014.99940.699715.0000.701-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.20%
15.0000.8000014.99940.799515.0000.801-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.16%
15.0000.9000014.99930.899315.0000.901-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.23%
15.0001.0000014.99930.999615.0001.001-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.12%
15.0001.5000014.99921.499915.0001.501-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.08%
15.0001.9000014.99921.900115.0001.901-0.001-0.01%-0.00%-0.04%
16.0000.0000015.99950.00000016.0000.000-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.00%
16.0000.0010015.99950.00183516.0000.002-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.13%
16.0000.0100015.99970.01037816.0000.010-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.34%
16.0000.0200015.99960.02053716.0010.021-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.13%
16.0000.0300015.99950.03025616.0010.030-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.21%
16.0000.0400015.99950.04042016.0000.040-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.05%
16.0000.0500015.99950.05053016.0000.051-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.28%
16.0000.0600015.99960.06020016.0010.060-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.05%
16.0000.0700015.99950.07039016.0000.070-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.08%
16.0000.0800015.99960.08059016.0000.081-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.08%
16.0000.0900015.99960.09029016.0000.090-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.23%
16.0000.1000015.99950.10047016.0000.100-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.02%
16.0000.2000015.99950.20079016.0000.201-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.11%
16.0000.3000015.99930.30055016.0000.300-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.03%
16.0000.4000015.99940.40087016.0000.401-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.00%
16.0000.5000015.99980.499216.0010.501-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.31%
16.0000.6000015.99980.599316.0010.601-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.28%
16.0000.7000015.99980.699816.0010.701-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.20%
16.0000.8000015.99960.799316.0010.801-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.21%
16.0000.9000015.99970.899916.0000.901-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.14%
16.0001.0000015.99960.999516.0011.001-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.13%
16.0001.5000015.99961.499916.0001.501-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.07%
16.0001.9000015.99941.900316.0001.901-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.04%
17.0000.0000016.99990.00000017.0010.000-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.00%
17.0000.0010016.99990.00183217.0010.002-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.69%
17.0000.0100016.99980.01038117.0010.010-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.22%
17.0000.0200016.99990.02054117.0010.020-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.20%
17.0000.0300016.99980.03026017.0010.030-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.20%
17.0000.0400016.99990.04042817.0010.040-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.23%
17.0000.0500016.99980.05059017.0010.050-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.22%
17.0000.0600016.99980.06022017.0010.060-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.24%
17.0000.0700016.99990.07040017.0010.071-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.15%
17.0000.0800016.99980.08060017.0010.081-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.09%
17.0000.0900016.99980.09030017.0010.090-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.12%
17.0000.1000016.99970.10047017.0010.100-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.11%
17.0000.2000016.99980.20079017.0010.201-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.01%
17.0000.3000016.99980.30055017.0010.300-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.07%
17.0000.4000016.99960.40087017.0010.401-0.000-0.00%-0.01%0.03%
17.0000.5000017.00010.499517.0010.5010.0000.00%-0.00%-0.23%
17.0000.6000016.99990.599517.0010.601-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.22%
17.0000.7000017.00000.699917.0010.7010.0000.00%-0.00%-0.19%
17.0000.8000017.00000.799317.0010.8010.0000.00%-0.00%-0.21%
17.0000.9000016.99990.899717.0010.901-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.17%
17.0001.0000016.99980.999617.0011.001-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.14%
17.0001.5000016.99971.499717.0011.501-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.09%
17.0001.9000016.99961.900117.0011.901-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.04%
18.0000.0000017.99900.00000018.0000.000-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.00%
18.0000.0010017.99890.00184118.0000.002-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.57%
18.0000.0100017.99890.01038118.0000.010-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.17%
18.0000.0200017.99910.02055018.0000.021-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.38%
18.0000.0300017.99890.03026218.0000.030-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.45%
18.0000.0400017.99900.04042218.0000.040-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.05%
18.0000.0500017.99910.05058018.0000.051-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.06%
18.0000.0600017.99890.06023017.9990.060-0.001-0.01%-0.00%0.10%
18.0000.0700017.99900.07040018.0000.070-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.06%
18.0000.0800017.99900.08059018.0000.081-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.08%
18.0000.0900017.99900.09030018.0000.090-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.17%
18.0000.1000017.99890.10047018.0000.100-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.17%
18.0000.2000017.99900.20081018.0000.201-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.01%
18.0000.3000017.99890.30056018.0000.300-0.001-0.01%-0.01%0.03%
18.0000.4000017.99890.40088017.9990.401-0.001-0.01%-0.00%0.05%
18.0000.5000017.99920.499518.0000.500-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.20%
18.0000.6000017.99920.599418.0000.601-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.24%
18.0000.7000017.99910.699818.0000.701-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.19%
18.0000.8000017.99900.799418.0000.801-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.18%
18.0000.9000017.99910.899818.0000.901-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.16%
18.0001.0000017.99900.999618.0001.001-0.001-0.01%-0.01%-0.14%
18.0001.5000017.99901.499917.9991.501-0.001-0.01%-0.00%-0.07%
18.0001.9000017.99881.900217.9991.901-0.001-0.01%-0.00%-0.04%
19.0000.0000018.99930.00000019.0010.000-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.00%
19.0000.0010018.99940.00184519.0000.002-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.77%
19.0000.0100018.99950.01039019.0000.010-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.24%
19.0000.0200018.99940.02055119.0000.020-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.57%
19.0000.0300018.99940.03027119.0000.030-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.16%
19.0000.0400018.99940.04043419.0000.040-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.24%
19.0000.0500018.99940.05060019.0010.051-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.02%
19.0000.0600018.99940.06024019.0000.060-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.01%
19.0000.0700018.99930.07042019.0000.070-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.06%
19.0000.0800018.99930.08061019.0010.080-0.001-0.00%-0.01%0.19%
19.0000.0900018.99930.09027019.0000.090-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.01%
19.0000.1000018.99940.10049019.0000.100-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.13%
19.0000.2000018.99930.20081019.0000.201-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.01%
19.0000.3000018.99930.30056019.0000.300-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.05%
19.0000.4000018.99930.40089019.0000.401-0.001-0.00%-0.00%0.05%
19.0000.5000018.99940.499419.0010.500-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.22%
19.0000.6000018.99950.599419.0010.601-0.000-0.00%-0.01%-0.26%
19.0000.7000018.99940.699719.0010.701-0.001-0.00%-0.01%-0.23%
19.0000.8000018.99950.799819.0000.801-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.13%
19.0000.9000018.99940.899619.0000.901-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.19%
19.0001.0000018.99930.999419.0001.001-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.14%
19.0001.5000018.99911.499919.0001.501-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.07%
19.0001.9000018.99921.900119.0001.901-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.04%
20.0000.0000019.99980.00000020.0010.000-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.00%
20.0000.0010019.99980.00185220.0010.002-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.98%
20.0000.0100019.99990.01039520.0010.010-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.18%
20.0000.0200019.99980.02055420.0010.021-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.67%
20.0000.0300019.99980.03027720.0010.030-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.28%
20.0000.0400019.99980.04044220.0010.041-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.37%
20.0000.0500019.99990.05060020.0010.050-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.24%
20.0000.0600019.99990.06025020.0010.060-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.24%
20.0000.0700019.99990.07041020.0010.070-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.04%
20.0000.0800019.99980.08061020.0010.081-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.03%
20.0000.0900019.99980.09029020.0010.090-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.06%
20.0000.1000019.99990.10049020.0010.101-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.06%
20.0000.2000019.99980.20082020.0010.201-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.00%
20.0000.3000019.99960.30057020.0010.300-0.000-0.00%-0.00%0.04%
20.0000.4000019.99970.40090020.0010.401-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.01%
20.0000.5000019.99980.499420.0010.501-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.25%
20.0000.6000019.99980.599520.0010.601-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.26%
20.0000.7000019.99970.699820.0010.701-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.20%
20.0000.8000019.99960.799620.0010.801-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.18%
20.0000.9000019.99970.899320.0010.901-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.22%
20.0001.0000019.99960.999620.0011.001-0.000-0.00%-0.00%-0.12%
20.0001.5000019.99931.499720.0001.501-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.09%
20.0001.9000019.99931.900220.0001.901-0.001-0.00%-0.00%-0.04%

 

    As it can be seen from the results table, both the set accuracy and the readback accuracy are great, with the set error being dominated by a small offset in the lower ranges.

    In order to get the results of this test, I had to manually switch my meter from the mA range to the A range and I realized I would have appreciated it if the power supply had some extra settings in the options menu, to set a hard limit for both current and voltage, so you can't set anything above those values by mistake.

 

 

    I also did a constant current test, and here are the results:

 

Set IMeasured IReadback IOffsetSet Error
0.0010.0013940.0010.00039.40%
0.0100.0103240.0100.0003.24%
0.0200.0202980.0200.0001.49%
0.0300.0302770.0300.0000.92%
0.0400.0403590.0400.0000.90%
0.0500.0503360.0500.0000.67%
0.0600.0603100.0600.0000.52%
0.0700.0702900.0700.0000.41%
0.0800.0802700.0800.0000.34%
0.0900.0902500.0900.0000.28%
0.1000.1003300.1000.0000.33%
0.2000.2002500.2000.0000.13%
0.3000.3002600.3000.0000.09%
0.4000.4002800.4000.0000.07%
0.5000.4989000.500-0.001-0.22%
0.6000.5988000.600-0.001-0.20%
0.7000.6988000.700-0.001-0.17%
0.8000.7985000.800-0.002-0.19%
0.9000.8990000.900-0.001-0.11%
1.0000.9987001.000-0.001-0.13%
1.5001.4987001.500-0.001-0.09%
2.0001.9990002.000-0.001-0.05%

 

    It's pretty much spot on.

 

 

    There were some concerns in the comments, on the roadtest page about the small fan. Personally I can't hear it over my other instruments and I've had it running for long periods of time under various loads. It also never clicks when you're switching ranges so I can't tell if it's using multiple taps on the transformer or not. It's possible that it doesn't and that the hybrid technology they were talking about in the teardown video, is actually working this good.

 

 

Ramping up and down

 

    The ramp up is clean and smooth, across all ranges and under all loading conditions, while the ramp down is just the capacitor discharging. The ramp up under load is pretty much the same with what you get with no load at all.

 

imageimageimage
5 V ramp up, no load10 V ramp up, no load20 V ramp up, no load

 

imageimageimage
5 V ramp down, no load10 V ramp down, no load20 V ramp down, no load

 

    I tried to fault it the best I could, but couldn't get any serious overshoot. The only thing I got was an 80 mV overshoot when turning it on to 5 V, with the current limit set at 100 mA. What happens there is that, for the duration of the ramp up, it gets into constant current mode, so the ramp is controlled by the constant current part of the circuit, until it reaches the set voltage and then the constant voltage part kicks in and cuts current flow.

 

imageimage
5 V ramp up, 100 mA CC20 V ramp up, 100 mA CC

 

There's really not much to discuss here, it's well behaved.

 

 

Constant current overshoot

 

    Another thing I looked into was how it behaves when it turns on, under constant current conditions and what happens when you remove a load that was keeping it in constant current mode.

 

    This is how it turns on, with a load that forces it into CC mode:

imageimage
turning on in CC mode, 500 mA limitturning on in CC mode, 1 A limit

 

    And this is how it recovers from CC mode, when the load is completely removed:

imageimageimage
returning from 500 mA CC modereturning from 1 A CC modereturning from 2 A CC mode

 

    This part looks good too, there's barely any overshoot, with the maximum value of 5%, for less than 50 us, when returning from a 2 A constant current mode.

 

 

Transient response

 

    For this test I had the supply on, at 2 V, in constant voltage mode. I then connected and disconnected a 1 Ohm load.

imageimage
1 Ohm in @ 2 V1 Ohm out @ 2 V

 

    This is better than the other two power supplies I have on my bench (cheappies). What's interesting to note, is that it has better transient response than my other supply that has the same output capacitor value. I can only say that I'm happy with it and it holds the first place in this category too, on my bench.

 

 

The SCPI interface

 

    The interface is simple and almost complete. It allows you to set both current and voltage at the same time or separately and has the added benefit of allowing you to use an extra digit of resolution when setting current limits.

 

    It supports displaying custom messages, but that's something I was unable to do. I kept getting "-151 Invalid string data". I think it's a bug so maybe it will get fixed in a future firmware upgrade.

 

    The only thing I really missed was some sort of screenshot functionality. It's obviously capable of doing it, because you can do it over the web interface (wish I knew that before I took all those photos), but it's not exposed through SCPI commands.

 

 

The web interface

    I was expecting some sort of console for entering SCPI commands, but instead it seems to have a picture of the unit that you can control as if you had it in front of you. I think this is better, because if you want to control it using SCPI you wouldn't use a browser.

 

    It's all done with JavaScript and ajax I think, so no crazy requirements (like Java). Very nice implementation.

image

 

 

Update 2016-07-18

 

     I forgot the power supply on for a while, on the 5 V setting with a 2 A load and I can now hear the fan. It's as loud as you expect a small fan to be when it's running at full power and it seems to go on and off at short intervals. I believe the reason I couldn't hear it before was the temperature in my lab, which, until now, was probably low enough to keep the heatsink below a certain threshold.

 

 

Conclusion

 

    A good lab power supply, with very clean output and proper behaviour. There's not much to complain about, except maybe a few missing features that can be added with a firmware upgrade.

    It's very cute, but if you plan to stack it on top of existing equipment, you might consider getting two. It looks weird by itself and I don't have anything else to fill the gap with.

    If you have any questions about it or you'd like me to try something, feel free to ask in the comments section.

Anonymous
  • Hi Razvan, sorry for bothering you once again, but I'd like to understand your testing results for ripple and noise figure that usually has a prominent place in marketing materials of many manufacturers. I was finished yesterday a short comparison matrix between various commercial PSU models and E3610X series is also included. I found then in Keysight's datasheet table (see below) that Vrms (2 mV) and Vpp (30 mV) for ripple and noise is much higher than what you got. How is that possible? If I understood correctly they are using differential probing and as far as I know that gives more accurate (and better) results.

    image

  • Yeah, for those measurements I had to keep it on 1x, so the probe's bandwidth dropped to about 8 MHz, but I checked it on 10x (full bandwidth) beforehand to make sure I'm not suppressing anything.

     

    The brass connector is just a SMA male to SMA male adapter.

  • Looks good. I presume that probe is also set to x1 and there is nothing inside that brass section in the middle?

  • Hi Denis,

     

    Sort of, I used a little home-made probe adapter that I connected to a banana to BNC adapter (picture below).

    image

    Not the best construction, but has plenty of bandwidth (for my scope & probes). There are proper BNC to probe adapters out there, but they're a bit difficult to source in the EU - I couldn't find any when I looked for them, or they were outrageously expensive.

  • Hi Razvan, thanks for this review. I'm wondering about probing technique that you used to get results presented under "Ripple" section. Did you use ordinary Rigol probe applied directly on binding posts or something else?

  • Another great Road Test review, Razvan.  You have included everything I was interested in knowing and your writing style is clear and concise.

  • Thanks for the comment, the rating must have changed while I was editing the review.

  • Thanks for a good thorough review. Could you change the number of points since 60 in my book is flawless.

    C