<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/system/syndication/rss.xsl" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"><channel><title>Open Source Hardware</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/</link><description>What is the connection between Open Source Hardware and traditional engineering companies. How can professionals &amp;amp; hobbyists learn from each other.
What can hardware developers learn from Open Source Software.</description><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>Telligent Community 12</generator><item><title>Forum Post: RE: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy/235168</link><pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 08:48:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:44452ced-abbd-44a2-abef-afcd502f4407</guid><dc:creator>geralds</dc:creator><description>Hi, please take a look in this datasheet. https://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/246505/PAM/PAM8403.html -&amp;gt; page 10, figure 2: here is a description about an EMI filter, which helps to reduce EMI. It seems your amp_PCB is not RF stabile; its layout is not optimized as well. Its GND trace is very small. As well your PS_PCB please reroute for low noise and low impedance. -&amp;gt; short traces as you can do, separate in-going from out-going, signal traces need pairing (parallel going) with GND not with V+. 3W output at 5V supply produce a relatively high and fast impulse current into the speakers, separate is it from input traces.</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy/235166</link><pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 07:04:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:5ceaba93-4ba6-4cac-a60b-591f697e428e</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>It&amp;#39;s difficult to completely remove noise when a lot is outside of your control; even some so-called hi-fi products get noise artifacts when things are interchanged in setups the manufacturer didn&amp;#39;t expect. Are you sure you&amp;#39;re not expecting too much; what is the noise level in comparison to the audio level, and what does the noise sound like? Could you record it? I happen to have one of those PAM8403 boards here, but I&amp;#39;ve never used it. I&amp;#39;ve buzzed out pin 8 which needs to be connected to a bypass capacitor according to the IC datasheet, and confirmed it&amp;#39;s present, so the basic minimal circuit is at least implemented on that module. I will try to power it up sometime, but no guarantee I can do that this week. Not sure it would be all that useful to you anyway, since I don&amp;#39;t have the same setup as you. If you can power-down everything else (LEDs/microcontroller), and remove the input (and maybe even short the inputs) then check to see if the noise is reduced a lot. Then try to add in the audio cables, and feed in audio from something completely separate and battery-powered to begin with, such as a portable MP3 player. Just take baby steps, and see what affects the noise. I suspect that you may eventually reach a point where the noise is low, but still noticeably there, unless you&amp;#39;re prepared to change things a lot, e.g. say switch from USB power to battery, or not use the LEDs/microcontroller if not required, and so on.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=cc260d82-6060-44fe-8ba1-9e1ebe2e6583</link><pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 23:12:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:cc260d82-6060-44fe-8ba1-9e1ebe2e6583</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>I split the circuit into two pieces, and here&amp;#39;s the mic amp portion, plus the &amp;quot;power control and mode select&amp;quot; part. I also added a switched 3.5 mm socket, for external mic/speaker if desired (there are cheap CB and radio handsets available from AliExpress for instance). Here is the rest of the circuit (the two boards attach to each other with an off-the-shelf 8-way JST PH patch cable: The reason for two boards, is that the mic amp could be used for other projects too. Plus, there&amp;#39;s more flexibility in enclosure choice (both boards will fit several different Hammond enclosures for instance). Every part is jellybean/low cost! I&amp;#39;ve placed the PCB order, so I&amp;#39;ll solder this up in a couple of weeks time, and will write up a separate blog post on it once I can confirm if it all works or not. Looking forward to building this, I think it will be a lot of fun for my nieces and nephews this summer.</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy/235163</link><pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 19:21:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:1fc334d6-579b-4ac5-a5f6-f328c363310e</guid><dc:creator>acdc90</dc:creator><description>can you measure the current the complete led circuitry is drawing? and try an inline choke to power the leds maybe a photo of the old board and complete unit ?</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy/235162</link><pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 10:01:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:cbdcb0ac-9924-47ab-a1f2-93adf0a8c551</guid><dc:creator>me_Cris</dc:creator><description>I have some PC speakers powered by 5V [USB], the original board had a digitally controlled amplifier [via push buttons] and an unlabeled IC [for LEDs], all on the same board. The PAM8403 is a module soldered onto a PCB, and for the connections I had to use JST connectors. I don&amp;#39;t know much, but I&amp;#39;m still experimenting.</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy/235160</link><pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 22:57:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:df4d66c8-3193-46c8-bb27-5eeb07289c93</guid><dc:creator>Gough Lui</dc:creator><description>Most likely this is just digital noise coming through - you need to make sure you&amp;#39;ve got good routing to avoid it being picked up, good ceramic bypass capacitors nearby, ideally a separate analog ground plane that joins the main ground away from the digital and perhaps even consider some kind of filtering on the power (e.g. inductor choke) if it&amp;#39;s really bad. Ensuring the bypass on the LEDs is good is also important, especially if you have a bad ground, the noise could come around due to ground bounce. The addressable LEDs are PWM so they switch on and off &amp;quot;hard&amp;quot; and that modulates your supply and power distribution network. Personally, I&amp;#39;d say using a differential input audio amplifier, rather than a single-ended type like you have, would be a better choice and routing pairs of audio lines to that amp, that way if the noise is induced, it is induced into both legs of the audio signal and thus cancels out.</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy/235158</link><pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 20:21:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:6a80f1f9-b435-4648-bfc3-756ce0082a39</guid><dc:creator>me_Cris</dc:creator><description>It&amp;#39;s a single PAM8403 (the little circuit you can buy anywhere). It&amp;#39;s a single power line, 5V via USB (so lots of options). I put in several capacitors to support the power. The old board contained the amplifier and a controller for the LEDs, but it is damaged.</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy/235157</link><pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 20:00:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:0b2c9eeb-4dc2-4396-b062-72a77ad7421b</guid><dc:creator>acdc90</dc:creator><description>i can see you have 3 seperate capacitor groups, Are you going to have 3 seperate amp boards,? where is the 5v coming from is it from a switch mode regulator or battery controller,? does this regulator have a biger size cap like 220uf where you are getting your feed from? can you make a second regulator to supply the leds seperatly ?</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: The PAM8403 amplifier is very noisy</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/56877/the-pam8403-amplifier-is-very-noisy</link><pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 15:37:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:ad54b1b2-17e9-4eac-ab4b-1a78ab70ce19</guid><dc:creator>me_Cris</dc:creator><description>Hi! I was thinking of participating in a challenge but I ran into another challenge. I&amp;#39;m using a small circuit with PAM8403 as a replacement for some speakers with dead audio circuit. In addition, I also have addressable LEDs in the case (this how they came) and I was thinking of using an MCU to control them. But I just noticed a very sharp and annoying noise produced when I power the LEDs, and it doesn&amp;#39;t go away even when playing music. I made a msall PCB, the schematic is below. The power supply is at 5V [USB]. I placed some capacitors in the idea to support the supply voltage. What ideas do you have? What could I improve? Thanks!</description><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/PAM8403">PAM8403</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/ws2812">ws2812</category></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=6a41862f-7701-49d4-bdc3-f7e6a659fe04</link><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 15:33:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:6a41862f-7701-49d4-bdc3-f7e6a659fe04</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>Here&amp;#39;s the complete intercom circuit proposal.. The simulation of the sub-circuits seems OK, but needs constructing! I scrapped the 30 kHz alert detect circuit, I didn&amp;#39;t have a good feeling about it. Instead, now there&amp;#39;s DC applied when the user wants to alert the remote end. The wires need to be connected with polarity for that though (future circuit could toggle positive and negative on the line slowly to get around that), but it seemed a minor limitation.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=cff6be1a-226d-4209-a672-3ac76f137812</link><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 08:25:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:cff6be1a-226d-4209-a672-3ac76f137812</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>That looks interesting! I&amp;#39;ve placed it in the calendar, with a reminder a week in advance, in case I can make that. Not been so far north in a long while, but would like to do so!</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=cb60c51a-b25f-4a46-895e-601a7287a223</link><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 04:07:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:cb60c51a-b25f-4a46-895e-601a7287a223</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>Hi michaelkellett and jc2048 thanks for the help! I have a similar problem with readouts/text sizes with KiCad as you do with Tina-TI jc2048 . I keep making mistakes reading the detail. I will raise a defect on this, I can&amp;#39;t be the only person with this issue. Hi michaelkellett I&amp;#39;ve attached a stab at getting it into LTspice, I&amp;#39;m not very good with it, so there may be errors, but hopefully it can save some time: community.element14.com/.../diffamp_5F00_ltspice_5F00_version.zip That&amp;#39;s with 200mV peak (i.e. 400mVp-p) input at IN2, which was the minimum I was aiming for, but I saw clipping with the soldered circuit after 190 mVp-p, weird. I used the LTspice models for BC847B and BC857B, but the soldered circuit used BC559C (bought from CPC) and BC547B (from a bag from LCSC; I have a thousand of them spare (996 now!), loads were bought for a group. The CPC transistors have JCBC559C printed on them, and the LCSC ones had a LGE Semi product code, but just have BC547B printed on them. Perhaps I made a mistake in the soldered circuit, I&amp;#39;ll re-check it. The KiCad file are here: community.element14.com/.../diffamp_5F00_kicad.zip</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=9ac197e9-affe-492b-a14d-5ff7bdc6ee9d</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 09:51:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:9ac197e9-affe-492b-a14d-5ff7bdc6ee9d</guid><dc:creator>jc2048</dc:creator><description>Tina-TI just shows polite clipping on the left side, but there are quite a lot of variables here: the actual transistor model, the parameters in the parts themselves and how well they&amp;#39;ve been characterised, and the parameters for the analysis itself. Perhaps I&amp;#39;m wrong to even suggest actual saturation. Note that supply to output is only 20dB down. This, if I&amp;#39;ve got it right, is the open-loop response (I&amp;#39;m never quite sure if what I&amp;#39;m doing is totally valid for this one), but it looks plausible and quite safe (green traces are with the 470p cap, red without). I installed Tina-TI on Xubuntu 22.04 using Wine, and the basics work. So far I&amp;#39;ve noticed a couple of things that don&amp;#39;t work right. The cursor readout is so small it can&amp;#39;t be read (minor irritation) and there is a problem adjusting the axis scales on the charts (which does affect the way I use it). Possibly a more recent version of Wine than the one in the repositories might do it. Or perhaps I should just practice more using LTspice, which also installed fine with Wine.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=6c31e928-d5da-4e6d-acb7-44ced0de0379</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 09:46:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:6c31e928-d5da-4e6d-acb7-44ced0de0379</guid><dc:creator>michaelkellett</dc:creator><description>BTW are you thinking of attending the Open Source Hardware Group&amp;#39;s jolly at Hebden Bridge in August. https://groups.google.com/g/leeds-hack-space/c/HbMGXZBjsg8?pli=1 MK</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=0f0868bb-7391-4262-9d02-b9f24ed4e146</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 09:43:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:0f0868bb-7391-4262-9d02-b9f24ed4e146</guid><dc:creator>michaelkellett</dc:creator><description>Hello Shabaz - I can&amp;#39;t spare any time today and I&amp;#39;m away on Friday and the weekend but I&amp;#39;ll try to get your design into LT Spice sometime next week and see how it behaves there. MK</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=d1b09880-a802-4195-b39b-2ce9eb3e4376</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 09:38:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:d1b09880-a802-4195-b39b-2ce9eb3e4376</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>Weird.. the simulation accepts far higher than 190mVp-p without clipping. I have checked the PCB briefly, I don&amp;#39;t think there&amp;#39;s a wiring mistake but I&amp;#39;ll check again. The simulation used BC549, I used BC547B. Other than that, all components are identical to the schematic earlier. I&amp;#39;ll take some measurements to compare with the sim and troubleshoot in the next day or two.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=00bd8993-b962-40c5-a396-0fdd058edacc</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 03:55:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:00bd8993-b962-40c5-a396-0fdd058edacc</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>Decided to build it, since I was unsure if it was a SPICE issue. I&amp;#39;ve not had a chance to grab real measurements, but from a brief play with it, it seems to not display those artifacts in the simulation. The left side (Q4) handles higher amplitude signals than the right side. The right side starts clipping after about 190mVp-p, whereas the left side distorts more gracefully, I have not measured much to know the limit. I briefly looked at harmonics, and whichever side the signal is input on, the second harmonic is about 45dB below the fundamental, when measuring at 150mVp-p with 1kHz signal. Applying the same input on both ends does make the output go flat. That&amp;#39;s all I&amp;#39;ve tried so far.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=21ec540c-5fd4-4e6e-bf98-4e43bb5edd63</link><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 20:41:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:21ec540c-5fd4-4e6e-bf98-4e43bb5edd63</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>It is extremely close for sure.. although the output isn&amp;#39;t flattened, but has a V-like notch, which I wouldn&amp;#39;t have expected: I then tried reducing the input so that it&amp;#39;s not near saturation, but the anomalies are still present, although it is harder to see in the output. I&amp;#39;m wondering if it could be related to the current mirror (or could be a simulation issue maybe, I an using 50 usec steps, but going smaller causes SPICE to abort).</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=0f299d95-49f0-4c82-af69-4e037faf8654</link><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 09:23:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:0f299d95-49f0-4c82-af69-4e037faf8654</guid><dc:creator>jc2048</dc:creator><description>&amp;quot;The blue signal is the output when there is a signal on one input only. I think there is some instability however, since if you look closely at the blue signal just after the peak, there is a bit of distortion, so something may be oscillating... don&amp;#39;t know what!&amp;quot; Isn&amp;#39;t that where the gain on the left side is pushing the collector of Q4 down into saturation?</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=e51d6e57-7ace-4642-a126-55dbd7851902</link><pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 11:00:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:e51d6e57-7ace-4642-a126-55dbd7851902</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>I just had a chance to look at MIC1551 and MIC1553.. interesting parts! And very low-cost. I&amp;#39;ve ordered some of each to experiment with. I&amp;#39;ve tried to implement the receive side of the alert signal for the intercom over the weekend. Originally I was thinking of adding a DC voltage on the line as an alert, but then decided to add a low-volume tone (30 kHz, hopefully will work with cheap speaker or bell wire over a long distance). Although the simulation works, I reckon I will scrap this circuit; the DC level would have been simpler with hindsight, although it would have the side-effect of making a loud click in the audio.. minor issue I guess.</description></item></channel></rss>