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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/system/syndication/rss.xsl" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"><channel><title>Open Source Hardware</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/</link><description>What is the connection between Open Source Hardware and traditional engineering companies. How can professionals &amp;amp; hobbyists learn from each other.
What can hardware developers learn from Open Source Software.</description><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>Telligent Community 12</generator><item><title>File: BJT Differential Amplifier with Active Load &amp; Cascode Current Source Example 6</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/m/managed-videos/151525</link><pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2026 08:27:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:824c46c9-eeb0-45ae-8680-8acd0b5b5075</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>In this video, we will discuss the sixth example of a BJT differential amplifier. In this example, the differential amplifier is biased using a cascode current source, which ensures the tail current source connected to the two emitters of the diff...</description><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/nodal%2banalysis">nodal analysis</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/thevenin%2bnorton">thevenin norton</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/wiskunde">wiskunde</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/calculus">calculus</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/circuits">circuits</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/control%2bsystems">control systems</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/bode%2bplot">bode plot</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/Regeltechniek">Regeltechniek</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/Complexe%2bgetallen">Complexe getallen</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/analog%2belectronics">analog electronics</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/knooppuntsmethode">knooppuntsmethode</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/steady_2D00_state%2banalysis">steady-state analysis</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/linear%2balgebr">linear algebr</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/power%2bamplifiers">power amplifiers</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/superposition">superposition</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/matlab">matlab</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/stability">stability</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/differential%2bequtions">differential equtions</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/inleiding%2belektronica">inleiding elektronica</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/SPICE%2bPID%2bController">SPICE PID Controller</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/electronics">electronics</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/electrical%2bengineering">electrical engineering</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/electric%2bcircuits">electric circuits</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/simulink">simulink</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/mesh%2bcurrent%2banalysis">mesh current analysis</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/source%2btransformation">source transformation</category><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/elektrische%2bnetwerken">elektrische netwerken</category></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---dc-analysis?CommentId=0cf445c9-3082-49cb-948e-ee7c975d8113</link><pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2026 08:26:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:0cf445c9-3082-49cb-948e-ee7c975d8113</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>Explanation from CAN education. There are a few differences in the circuit but the overall explanation holds: - slightly different active load / current mirror (connection of the Q2 and Q3 basis, R13 - different current source topography. Assume 2.2 mA in our circuit www.youtube.com/watch</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---ac-analysis-gain-and-bandwidth?CommentId=6662c01b-e955-4572-ac7e-9aaac3c0434f</link><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 12:14:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:6662c01b-e955-4572-ac7e-9aaac3c0434f</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>From memory I originally didn&amp;#39;t have any of that, and used a resistor, but needed beyond a certain value to then be able to have lower gain and low distortion (since this stage wasn&amp;#39;t intended to have high gain; I would have been happy with just 6 dB or so) but couldn&amp;#39;t find a combination that would also give me a good signal input range (I needed at least several hundred mV to suit the circuitry preceeding it). Eventually I gave up and tried the BJT current sink, there may well be more optimal biasing that could have eliminated the need for the BJT sink at all, I just couldn&amp;#39;t find it through trial-and-error (I&amp;#39;m not an analog designer otherwise I may have known a better technique). (By trial-and-error I mean using the KiCad simulator). Once I went down that road although I took some time on it, I believe better results could be achieved. I likely just started with one transistor and then for some reason switched to the darlington pair, but there are better current sink topologies. For the combination of relatively large input (few hundred mV p-p), what seemed like good common signal rejection, low desired gain and low distortion in the speech bandwidth, the tweaks had reached a point where the simulator results suggested there was no need to improve further. I was finding it took ages to find something optimal since there are two inputs and I&amp;#39;d have to keep changing the signals to check it was still working fine across these requirements.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---ac-analysis-gain-and-bandwidth?CommentId=ae165b30-dc7f-459d-b099-43041b891ac7</link><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 12:10:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:ae165b30-dc7f-459d-b099-43041b891ac7</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>Testing common mode rejection. Same signal to + and - input, then measure if the output is &amp;quot;nothing&amp;quot;.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---ac-analysis-gain-and-bandwidth?CommentId=8153133c-c959-40d7-b2dc-08e60e35ea4b</link><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 09:10:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:8153133c-c959-40d7-b2dc-08e60e35ea4b</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>shabaz , the current source in the tail of the differential amp (orange area below): what was your inspiration to design that sub-circuit that way?</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: Open Source Hardware Camp 2026 — Sat 29/08 &amp; Sun 30/08, Hebden Bridge, England</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/57080/open-source-hardware-camp-2026-sat-29-08-sun-30-08-hebden-bridge-england/236406</link><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 21:35:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:70433eac-fca9-486a-a128-58e89c362d0e</guid><dc:creator>Workshopshed</dc:creator><description>It does look like a good event and I might do the next one, after this one</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---ac-analysis-gain-and-bandwidth?CommentId=5ddf9bac-7acb-4c98-9b1c-c92708ee7ca6</link><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 09:57:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:5ddf9bac-7acb-4c98-9b1c-c92708ee7ca6</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>For the next blog, I plan to show some internal signals test how the circuit behaves when there is an identical signal on both inputs (desired/theoretical result: no output signal) go into the design, maybe based on Art of Electronics:</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: Open Source Hardware Camp 2026 — Sat 29/08 &amp; Sun 30/08, Hebden Bridge, England</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/57080/open-source-hardware-camp-2026-sat-29-08-sun-30-08-hebden-bridge-england/236386</link><pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 12:57:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:b2417302-57b7-4f49-9772-d4676006fe24</guid><dc:creator>michaelkellett</dc:creator><description>You would have to check on the link in the original post. Previous events at Hebden Bridge are very much in person and hands on - you wouldn&amp;#39;t get much out of them remotely. MK</description></item><item><title>Forum Post: RE: Open Source Hardware Camp 2026 — Sat 29/08 &amp; Sun 30/08, Hebden Bridge, England</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/f/forum/57080/open-source-hardware-camp-2026-sat-29-08-sun-30-08-hebden-bridge-england/236385</link><pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 12:43:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:f94f801f-7bff-498e-befe-68382349e178</guid><dc:creator>rsc</dc:creator><description>Will any events be streamed online? I&amp;#39;m about 6,000 Km from there. We are living in a digital world...............</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---ac-analysis-gain-and-bandwidth?CommentId=efa679c5-504f-4d31-80f8-4eb01b8cdee9</link><pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 11:39:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:efa679c5-504f-4d31-80f8-4eb01b8cdee9</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>Hi Jan, Very useful information! I had not got the stripboard prototype working too well (I probably made a soldering or component error somewhere) so it is great to see these real measurements with the PCB.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---ac-analysis-gain-and-bandwidth?CommentId=132e08a2-8cfc-4b60-b6e9-5441c4b1d611</link><pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 20:45:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:132e08a2-8cfc-4b60-b6e9-5441c4b1d611</guid><dc:creator>DAB</dc:creator><description>Very cool Jan.</description></item><item><title>Blog Post: Discrete difference amplifier - AC analysis: gain and bandwidth</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---ac-analysis-gain-and-bandwidth</link><pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 18:26:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:227467c7-bc63-4a2b-92f2-a14104882a78</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>This is the DC gain and BW analysis of the difference amplifier module that shabaz designed for a Direct Conversion Receiver . I&amp;#39;m searching for these points: gain at 1 kHz (approx. mid of bandwidth) -3 dB frequencies I use Vrms values in the post - common for audio circuits. When measuring one of the differential channels, I tie the other to ground. Specs: Gain: ~10 dB Bandwidth (-3 dB): ~30 Hz to 40 kHz (approximate) Measurements: IN1: gain (1 kHz): 9.2 dB, bw (-3 dB): 30 Hz - 80 kHz IN2: gain (1 kHz): 9.3 dB, bw (-3 dB): 30 Hz - 80 kHz shabaz published the KiCad project on GitHub , including simulation. You could load it into KiCad and check if the small signal simulation and my measurements match ... For all blog posts in this series, click here spreadsheet: community.element14.com/.../differenceamp.zip</description><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/simple_5F00_dcr">simple_dcr</category></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/dmx-explained-dmx512-and-rs-485-protocol-detail-for-lighting-applications?CommentId=c2e8d505-b8e5-4d40-8429-743616b76dce</link><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 22:42:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:c2e8d505-b8e5-4d40-8429-743616b76dce</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>This article is almost nine years old, and unfortunately a lot of the images had lost resolution during a website upgrade. I&amp;#39;ve re-uploaded better quality images from that time (they would be a lot higher res if I were to redo it now). But at least the &amp;#39;scope traces are finally readable again.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---dc-analysis?CommentId=1245dd4c-d2d7-4477-acde-900caa053b06</link><pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2026 07:50:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:1245dd4c-d2d7-4477-acde-900caa053b06</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>gain, between 10 Hz and 6kHz</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---dc-analysis?CommentId=4b445a1e-aa58-4f2e-9411-ef4fdde2419a</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 15:16:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:4b445a1e-aa58-4f2e-9411-ef4fdde2419a</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>Glad it&amp;#39;s working! Although I had simulated it, my stripboard prototype had not worked fully, I had some mistake in my connections but there were enough parts that it was hard to troubleshoot. Looking forward to assembling this in the intercom circuit, since it plays a key role there.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---dc-analysis?CommentId=8ada17ac-ed93-4083-91ea-120549a7f430</link><pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 10:13:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:8ada17ac-ed93-4083-91ea-120549a7f430</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>first signal measurements. I used a 100 mVpp, 1 kHz sinus. Output loaded with a 27K resistor. signal at in1, in2 to ground signal at in2, in1 to ground same signal at both the amp does what it needs to do. Amplifies differences, reject the same signal AI says the gain is 7.96 dB . &amp;gt; what is the gain in dB if I input 100 mV peak-to-peak and I get 250 mV peak-to-peak out?</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---dc-analysis?CommentId=9d23b38f-4178-49f0-9014-d10b87355729</link><pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 20:52:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:9d23b38f-4178-49f0-9014-d10b87355729</guid><dc:creator>DAB</dc:creator><description>Very interesting. Well done Jan.</description></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---dc-analysis?CommentId=86b2f952-07f9-488d-b901-becf2c1bef14</link><pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 15:41:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:86b2f952-07f9-488d-b901-becf2c1bef14</guid><dc:creator>shabaz</dc:creator><description>Nice setup! Love that triple-output power supply, it looks like a very useful beast. If anyone is interested in simulating things with KiCad, this is a suitable example project for that I think, and more useful now that people can see the values in reality too for comparison. The screenshot shows how to get to the simulator in KiCad: And then one button-click to run the simulation, and the values for each node in the circuit will be displayed directly on the schematic:</description></item><item><title>Blog Post: Discrete difference amplifier - DC analysis</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/discrete-difference-amplifier---dc-analysis</link><pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 15:10:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:b054358b-d8dc-4ff2-bf1e-a7dd9b6f346f</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>This is the DC analysis of the difference amplifier module that shabaz designed for a Direct Conversion Receiver . Before going into the small signal AC analysis, it&amp;#39;s interesting to see how the amplifier behaves in steady state (DC). I measured all nodes on the amp, with the inputs shorted. The output was left open*. Voltages (annotated in black on the schematic) were measured. transistor voltage bias (orange) and currents (brown) were calculated based on the voltages measured. While it doesn&amp;#39;t show the dynamic behaviour, it shows how each of the submodules of this design is set up. shabaz published the KiCad project on GitHub , including simulation. You could load it into KiCad and check if the steady state simulation and my measurements match ... *except for an oscilloscope probe. For all blog posts in this series, click here</description><category domain="https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/tags/simple_5F00_dcr">simple_dcr</category></item><item><title /><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/open-source-hardware/b/blog/posts/simple-dcr-direct-conversion-receiver-part-2-common-emitter-amplifier?CommentId=3f752363-23c7-4d73-af75-55086ab1fd77</link><pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 13:27:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:3f752363-23c7-4d73-af75-55086ab1fd77</guid><dc:creator>Jan Cumps</dc:creator><description>I&amp;#39;ve built the difference amp. I&amp;#39;m going to check how its AC behaviour is in a while. First I&amp;#39;m doing DC analysis - check how the transistors are biased. Could be easily done in simulation. But since I have the circuit, I&amp;#39;m going to measure levels on the bench.</description></item></channel></rss>