<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/system/syndication/rss.xsl" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear</link><description /><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>Telligent Community 12</generator><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear</link><pubDate>Tue, 28 Mar 2023 12:25:09 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by dychen on 3/28/2023 12:25:09 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ef9a1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ef9a1'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5a313" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5a313'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a8a38" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a8a38'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bc5fb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bc5fb'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-34db6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('34db6'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f303c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f303c'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6cee9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6cee9'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-eb74b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('eb74b'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-318d7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('318d7'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-616b0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('616b0'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7bd71" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7bd71'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-adac4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('adac4'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-323ae" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('323ae'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:293px;max-width:290px;" alt="Trust powered speakers" height="293" src="/e14/assets/main/2023/WLaudio-speakers.jpg" width="290" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ef3aa" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ef3aa'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c3792" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c3792'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-eaabf" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('eaabf'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/11</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2023 16:20:48 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 11 posted to Documents by dychen on 3/23/2023 4:20:48 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d24c8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d24c8'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-62dea" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('62dea'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-96d8b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('96d8b'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bcfb1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bcfb1'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a7593" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a7593'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-85573" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('85573'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7077c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7077c'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-07e28" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('07e28'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6cf3b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6cf3b'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-99caf" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('99caf'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-18d89" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('18d89'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-662e3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('662e3'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a52a1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a52a1'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:293px;max-width:290px;" alt="Trust powered speakers" height="293" src="/e14/assets/main/2023/WLaudio-speakers.jpg" width="290" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-64043" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('64043'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-766ce" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('766ce'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9246b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9246b'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/10</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2023 15:38:45 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 10 posted to Documents by dychen on 3/23/2023 3:38:45 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-18d1f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('18d1f'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d1384" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d1384'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b3f04" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b3f04'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e9b05" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e9b05'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a23e4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a23e4'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f5518" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f5518'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-79ba6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('79ba6'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5e5ca" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5e5ca'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ef942" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ef942'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-50a8d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('50a8d'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-65536" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('65536'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bbad7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bbad7'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b918a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b918a'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9e16d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9e16d'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0df67" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0df67'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ea777" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ea777'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/9</link><pubDate>Thu, 20 Jan 2022 22:09:24 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 9 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/20/2022 10:09:24 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7e889" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7e889'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b39b3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b39b3'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-05fab" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('05fab'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9c99b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9c99b'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fe235" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fe235'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-515f7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('515f7'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bb226" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bb226'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e69ac" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e69ac'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-93be1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('93be1'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2bc64" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2bc64'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-01f58" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('01f58'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d24e6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d24e6'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e6ce0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e6ce0'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-76d0d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('76d0d'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a8955" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a8955'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9a3b4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9a3b4'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/8</link><pubDate>Fri, 14 Jan 2022 21:58:30 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 8 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/14/2022 9:58:30 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3005e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3005e'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-abeb6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('abeb6'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7eeb3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7eeb3'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-37817" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('37817'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ccd9b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ccd9b'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-87cd3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('87cd3'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f5aca" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f5aca'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ff69a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ff69a'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fb784" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fb784'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a8b26" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a8b26'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a0302" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a0302'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-91ff2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('91ff2'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2045b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2045b'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1cac4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1cac4'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bbcbe" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bbcbe'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-29cef" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('29cef'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/7</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Jan 2022 00:03:26 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 7 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/11/2022 12:03:26 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To take part in our giveaway, answer the following question in the Comments section below:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-557f7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('557f7'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9459d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9459d'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c9d80" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c9d80'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fb8a2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fb8a2'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-69c01" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('69c01'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f4f64" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f4f64'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3a45d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3a45d'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-08a83" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('08a83'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9f8a0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9f8a0'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-764e1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('764e1'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e5b60" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e5b60'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-806d5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('806d5'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0e1ae" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0e1ae'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b8c9b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b8c9b'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-812d0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('812d0'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e97ed" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e97ed'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/6</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:38:13 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 6 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:38:13 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9836d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9836d'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a52cb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a52cb'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-50bda" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('50bda'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6575c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6575c'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-dd2d3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('dd2d3'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ae9ce" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ae9ce'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bb4e1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bb4e1'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7dd98" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7dd98'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8d914" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8d914'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-941ee" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('941ee'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bc835" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bc835'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-751fa" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('751fa'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-df20f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('df20f'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f3b06" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f3b06'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9eee0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9eee0'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-21fab" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('21fab'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/5</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:36:08 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 5 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:36:08 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7bb68" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7bb68'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bfdcc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bfdcc'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c0168" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c0168'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-073a5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('073a5'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-43da1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('43da1'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cfeb7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cfeb7'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3d758" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3d758'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4bc04" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4bc04'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fbc1f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fbc1f'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f8ac1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f8ac1'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-529d5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('529d5'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6ebc5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6ebc5'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f1a9a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f1a9a'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a1dfc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a1dfc'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-32b83" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('32b83'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-384ea" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('384ea'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/4</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:20:54 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 4 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:20:54 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1c318" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1c318'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f1490" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f1490'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5857f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5857f'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7bec8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7bec8'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bef2d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bef2d'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b4e1f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b4e1f'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ae8a0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ae8a0'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-36e46" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('36e46'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5012f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5012f'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fb38d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fb38d'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d8ebf" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3798487&amp;nsku=69AJ1611&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d8ebf'));" data-farnell="3798487" data-newark="69AJ1611" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4366d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4366d'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-390cf" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('390cf'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5beeb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5beeb'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-08ca4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('08ca4'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6ef20" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6ef20'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/3</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:18:56 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 3 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:18:56 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b9a7c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b9a7c'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-944b1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('944b1'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-14aa7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('14aa7'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b775d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b775d'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3464f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3464f'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ef9f3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ef9f3'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e514c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e514c'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-060f2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('060f2'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3e93b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3e93b'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9a091" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9a091'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a4c2e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3798487&amp;nsku=69AJ1611&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a4c2e'));" data-farnell="3798487" data-newark="69AJ1611" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c73b5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c73b5'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ec925" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ec925'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cbc8a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cbc8a'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bf4a9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bf4a9'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3bd9a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3bd9a'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/2</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 22:04:50 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 2 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 10:04:50 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img class="nolightbox" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3107569&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 10AH2393&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Function Generator&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3130266&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:73AH0060&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeter&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3107585&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:49AJ4896&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1703816&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 41K9137&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 800946&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 49H8606&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3617678&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 23AJ6202&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1574382&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 04X5932&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2100098&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 76T0417&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3117310&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:33AH4547&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2302188&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 24B5914&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DC Power Supply&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3798487&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:69AJ1611&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3595762&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:52AH7468&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Connectors?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 9991778&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 33K3998&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2309484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 72W1866&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, headphones, etc. mic???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3409390&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 92AH2181&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2815144&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 79X3820&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Microphone&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3370760&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 84AJ0826&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/1</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 22:02:34 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 1 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 10:02:34 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3107569&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 10AH2393&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Function Generator&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3130266&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:73AH0060&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeter&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3107585&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:49AJ4896&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1703816&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 41K9137&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 800946&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 49H8606&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3617678&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 23AJ6202&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1574382&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 04X5932&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2100098&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 76T0417&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3117310&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:33AH4547&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2302188&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 24B5914&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DC Power Supply&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3798487&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:69AJ1611&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3595762&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:52AH7468&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Connectors?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 9991778&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 33K3998&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2309484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 72W1866&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, headphones, etc. mic???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3409390&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 92AH2181&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2815144&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 79X3820&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Microphone&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3370760&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 84AJ0826&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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