<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/system/syndication/rss.xsl" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear</link><description /><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>Telligent Community 12</generator><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear</link><pubDate>Tue, 28 Mar 2023 12:25:09 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by dychen on 3/28/2023 12:25:09 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-988a6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('988a6'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-12a6b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('12a6b'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d39c1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d39c1'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f1b2c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f1b2c'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9e671" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9e671'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-faea6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('faea6'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ebc10" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ebc10'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-83e7c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('83e7c'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-aa57d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('aa57d'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cc00e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cc00e'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-19846" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('19846'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2346e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2346e'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3615a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3615a'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:293px;max-width:290px;" alt="Trust powered speakers" height="293" src="/e14/assets/main/2023/WLaudio-speakers.jpg" width="290" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9812d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9812d'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9cff4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9cff4'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2f17d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2f17d'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/11</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2023 16:20:48 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 11 posted to Documents by dychen on 3/23/2023 4:20:48 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e6fc2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e6fc2'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-099ab" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('099ab'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-451ea" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('451ea'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-718c5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('718c5'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2c444" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2c444'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-66b27" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('66b27'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-24115" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('24115'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1ddf2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1ddf2'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-85158" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('85158'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-63689" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('63689'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6224b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6224b'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-754de" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('754de'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6438e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6438e'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:293px;max-width:290px;" alt="Trust powered speakers" height="293" src="/e14/assets/main/2023/WLaudio-speakers.jpg" width="290" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6cdb7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6cdb7'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-76981" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('76981'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bb6e3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bb6e3'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/10</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2023 15:38:45 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 10 posted to Documents by dychen on 3/23/2023 3:38:45 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b78cc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b78cc'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a7614" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a7614'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-64a96" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('64a96'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0d4a3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0d4a3'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-27af9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('27af9'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-dd5bd" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('dd5bd'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1889f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1889f'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-150c3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('150c3'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9a231" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9a231'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-37da0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('37da0'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f380a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f380a'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cbc61" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cbc61'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b06f2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b06f2'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-de9ba" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('de9ba'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f0bb5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f0bb5'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-633a1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('633a1'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/9</link><pubDate>Thu, 20 Jan 2022 22:09:24 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 9 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/20/2022 10:09:24 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7027e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7027e'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d0274" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d0274'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fa96b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fa96b'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7f83f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7f83f'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b2ad0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b2ad0'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2ae5f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2ae5f'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-040ec" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('040ec'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-48d9b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('48d9b'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4e125" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4e125'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d6103" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d6103'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6c810" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6c810'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-df4d2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('df4d2'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1f8d2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1f8d2'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c2166" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c2166'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-29464" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('29464'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-228d2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('228d2'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/8</link><pubDate>Fri, 14 Jan 2022 21:58:30 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 8 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/14/2022 9:58:30 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-132ff" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('132ff'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-52463" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('52463'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-00418" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('00418'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-08ed8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('08ed8'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-96ce0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('96ce0'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-30c63" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('30c63'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e0bcd" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e0bcd'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f6538" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f6538'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9813c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9813c'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a0415" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a0415'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c0b4e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c0b4e'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-55739" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('55739'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ec32c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ec32c'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-44c5d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('44c5d'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-51067" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('51067'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b0b6a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b0b6a'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/7</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Jan 2022 00:03:26 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 7 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/11/2022 12:03:26 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To take part in our giveaway, answer the following question in the Comments section below:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fea47" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fea47'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f5f64" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f5f64'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f6e6b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f6e6b'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a9293" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a9293'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f360e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f360e'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-25796" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('25796'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-60081" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('60081'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1d9ba" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1d9ba'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a34fa" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a34fa'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b04a4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b04a4'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4d3cf" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4d3cf'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-52cc9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('52cc9'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-59b4b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('59b4b'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d226e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d226e'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f2ccc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f2ccc'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0493e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0493e'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/6</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:38:13 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 6 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:38:13 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e1ea9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e1ea9'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-364a2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('364a2'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-13023" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('13023'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1c085" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1c085'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8181c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8181c'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f3875" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f3875'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c866a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c866a'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0b3a7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0b3a7'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-381ad" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('381ad'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e343f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e343f'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b77db" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b77db'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6e98f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6e98f'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6a74f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6a74f'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2b369" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2b369'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b7fd3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b7fd3'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c030a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c030a'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/5</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:36:08 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 5 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:36:08 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-25ec9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('25ec9'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b9ce0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b9ce0'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8f351" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8f351'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-865c1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('865c1'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-27c52" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('27c52'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9c233" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9c233'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e4b97" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e4b97'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-56904" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('56904'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-81320" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('81320'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e6b69" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e6b69'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f5e0f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f5e0f'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6ef60" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6ef60'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-831fb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('831fb'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-11b1e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('11b1e'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1197c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1197c'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bf185" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bf185'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/4</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:20:54 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 4 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:20:54 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2ea99" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2ea99'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8df31" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8df31'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cf3c1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cf3c1'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-894c4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('894c4'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-288a8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('288a8'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-97b2c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('97b2c'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fcf27" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fcf27'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8c713" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8c713'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-59105" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('59105'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b9f98" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b9f98'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4136b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3798487&amp;nsku=69AJ1611&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4136b'));" data-farnell="3798487" data-newark="69AJ1611" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-31eab" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('31eab'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-08926" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('08926'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-136ff" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('136ff'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0a461" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0a461'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6ad48" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6ad48'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/3</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:18:56 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 3 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:18:56 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-720f1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('720f1'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-dafeb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('dafeb'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b9daa" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b9daa'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cdfc3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cdfc3'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-050ad" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('050ad'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b9189" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b9189'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7e6fd" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7e6fd'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0b552" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0b552'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-deaa4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('deaa4'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-24b0a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('24b0a'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-91e4f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3798487&amp;nsku=69AJ1611&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('91e4f'));" data-farnell="3798487" data-newark="69AJ1611" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0fdcc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0fdcc'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-dd2de" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('dd2de'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1534d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1534d'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c2aac" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c2aac'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fe194" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fe194'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/2</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 22:04:50 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 2 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 10:04:50 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img class="nolightbox" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3107569&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 10AH2393&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Function Generator&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3130266&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:73AH0060&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeter&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3107585&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:49AJ4896&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1703816&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 41K9137&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 800946&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 49H8606&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3617678&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 23AJ6202&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1574382&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 04X5932&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2100098&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 76T0417&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3117310&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:33AH4547&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2302188&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 24B5914&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DC Power Supply&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3798487&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:69AJ1611&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3595762&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:52AH7468&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Connectors?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 9991778&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 33K3998&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2309484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 72W1866&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, headphones, etc. mic???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3409390&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 92AH2181&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2815144&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 79X3820&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Microphone&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3370760&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 84AJ0826&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/1</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 22:02:34 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><comments>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear#comments</comments><description>Revision 1 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 10:02:34 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3107569&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 10AH2393&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Function Generator&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3130266&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:73AH0060&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeter&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3107585&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:49AJ4896&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1703816&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 41K9137&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 800946&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 49H8606&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3617678&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 23AJ6202&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1574382&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 04X5932&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2100098&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 76T0417&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3117310&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:33AH4547&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2302188&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 24B5914&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DC Power Supply&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3798487&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:69AJ1611&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3595762&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:52AH7468&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Connectors?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 9991778&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 33K3998&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2309484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 72W1866&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, headphones, etc. mic???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3409390&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 92AH2181&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2815144&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 79X3820&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Microphone&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3370760&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 84AJ0826&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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