<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/system/syndication/rss.xsl" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>Documents</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents</link><description /><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>Telligent Community 12</generator><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear</link><pubDate>Tue, 28 Mar 2023 12:25:09 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by dychen on 3/28/2023 12:25:09 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-15fb3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('15fb3'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8b1d0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8b1d0'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-20c0b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('20c0b'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-be1df" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('be1df'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-71986" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('71986'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-22769" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('22769'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5e3ab" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5e3ab'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-82c93" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('82c93'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-761f8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('761f8'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ae68d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ae68d'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d298f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d298f'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5bc46" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5bc46'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a2733" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a2733'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:293px;max-width:290px;" alt="Trust powered speakers" height="293" src="/e14/assets/main/2023/WLaudio-speakers.jpg" width="290" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ea4ac" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ea4ac'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e46fa" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e46fa'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7c826" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7c826'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/11</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2023 16:20:48 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 11 posted to Documents by dychen on 3/23/2023 4:20:48 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-807fa" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('807fa'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b34ab" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b34ab'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1355d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1355d'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-65615" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('65615'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a708b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a708b'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8745d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8745d'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2d857" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2d857'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4d758" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4d758'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6354c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6354c'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5d118" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5d118'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-df5f2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('df5f2'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-41b3e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('41b3e'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d46dd" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d46dd'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:293px;max-width:290px;" alt="Trust powered speakers" height="293" src="/e14/assets/main/2023/WLaudio-speakers.jpg" width="290" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-eb824" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('eb824'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-16052" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('16052'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b6b5b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b6b5b'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/10</link><pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2023 15:38:45 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 10 posted to Documents by dychen on 3/23/2023 3:38:45 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8918f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8918f'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f8c86" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f8c86'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3196a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3358484&amp;nsku=49AJ4897&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3196a'));" data-farnell="3358484" data-newark="49AJ4897" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-bb062" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('bb062'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e40f9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e40f9'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ca400" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ca400'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9cb46" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9cb46'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2540e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1546730&amp;nsku=94M8654&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2540e'));" data-farnell="1546730" data-newark="94M8654" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps, like the AD797, boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8e1f3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=4019495&amp;nsku=60AK7154&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8e1f3'));" data-farnell="4019495" data-newark="60AK7154" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;AD797 Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2d61e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2d61e'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a800d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a800d'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3f4eb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3f4eb'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5f2a9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5f2a9'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6a1e7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409391&amp;nsku=13AJ1594&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6a1e7'));" data-farnell="3409391" data-newark="13AJ1594" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Trust Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-befb8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('befb8'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3dc01" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3dc01'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/9</link><pubDate>Thu, 20 Jan 2022 22:09:24 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 9 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/20/2022 10:09:24 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt="image" style="max-height:260px;max-width:390px;"  height="260" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/WLJan22micamp.jpg" width="390" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c9265" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c9265'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ce56e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ce56e'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-35091" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('35091'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6509b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6509b'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d9402" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d9402'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b09a3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b09a3'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b1c43" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b1c43'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-112e4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('112e4'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d244a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d244a'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cc4b4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cc4b4'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ae59c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ae59c'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1d3d4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1d3d4'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3417d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3417d'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3bb53" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3bb53'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-aa8c8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('aa8c8'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1817f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1817f'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/8</link><pubDate>Fri, 14 Jan 2022 21:58:30 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 8 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/14/2022 9:58:30 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway Prize&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#39;re giving away Koss wireless headphones (5).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terms:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Post your answer as a comment below between 21st January 2022 and 25th February 2022.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The best answers will be chosen by the element14 community team, and you will be shipped your prize (or local equivalent) free of charge.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a73f7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a73f7'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fed7d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fed7d'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6f564" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6f564'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7959d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7959d'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-86bd2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('86bd2'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-55bb9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('55bb9'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0a0b9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0a0b9'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c1ad6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c1ad6'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-934ab" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('934ab'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-94451" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('94451'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-33bff" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('33bff'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2732c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2732c'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9d40c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9d40c'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, Headphones, and Mic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c61e3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c61e3'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-354c7" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('354c7'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-936ae" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('936ae'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist - What do I need to build/maintain audio gear?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/7</link><pubDate>Tue, 11 Jan 2022 00:03:26 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 7 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/11/2022 12:03:26 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Audio Tweakers Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:300px;" alt="Koss Wireless Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/kosswirelessheadphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To take part in our giveaway, answer the following question in the Comments section below:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setup!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-80b89" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('80b89'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7e5c0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7e5c0'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9413d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9413d'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-02af9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('02af9'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3faf2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3faf2'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-61b34" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('61b34'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7bdf0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7bdf0'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-201d1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('201d1'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3b788" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3b788'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c3d17" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c3d17'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4ce13" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4ce13'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e1250" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e1250'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-173b6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('173b6'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e86eb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e86eb'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-15791" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('15791'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a7d3f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a7d3f'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/6</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:38:13 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 6 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:38:13 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fabec" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fabec'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1a5c8" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1a5c8'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-93592" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('93592'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d9822" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d9822'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-9a25e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('9a25e'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-81389" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('81389'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d7c7f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d7c7f'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4bc3a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4bc3a'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-800fc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('800fc'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-803c4" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('803c4'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-2904f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('2904f'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6c437" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6c437'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b15eb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b15eb'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fea89" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fea89'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-0ce0a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('0ce0a'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-34d8b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('34d8b'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/5</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:36:08 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 5 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:36:08 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b90be" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b90be'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Oscilloscope&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b1688" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b1688'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Function Generator&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-db691" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('db691'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Multimeter&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-da8f1" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('da8f1'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Vishay Dummy Load&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-3287f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('3287f'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a18ba" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a18ba'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Duratool Helping Hands&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-72798" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('72798'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Multicomp Pro Transistor&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-18f33" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('18f33'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Bourns Potentiometer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-15def" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('15def'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;TI NE5532AP Opamp&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-45fed" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('45fed'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hammond 119DA Transformer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:268px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply2.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-65acc" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3595762&amp;nsku=52AH7468&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('65acc'));" data-farnell="3595762" data-newark="52AH7468" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Delta 24V Power Supply&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-26f4f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('26f4f'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Neutrik XLR Connector&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fac28" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fac28'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Cliff 8-Way Spring Terminal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-fad34" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('fad34'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Hama Speakers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5694a" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5694a'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Koss UR20 Headphones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-62ce3" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="link" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-link" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('62ce3'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Pulse Lavalier Microphone&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Audio Giveaway, audio, Audio Tweakers, sound, music, Home Theater&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/4</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:20:54 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 4 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:20:54 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-57243" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('57243'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c7c36" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c7c36'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6bfd0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6bfd0'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-20ce5" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('20ce5'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8ea88" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8ea88'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b287f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b287f'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-12ba2" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('12ba2'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5a917" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5a917'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-23cf6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('23cf6'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d329f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d329f'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-ec55e" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3798487&amp;nsku=69AJ1611&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('ec55e'));" data-farnell="3798487" data-newark="69AJ1611" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d6284" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d6284'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f7b22" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f7b22'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-b5a9d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('b5a9d'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-e01c0" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('e01c0'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-a9b33" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('a9b33'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/3</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 23:18:56 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 3 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 11:18:56 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-d3382" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107569&amp;nsku=10AH2393&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('d3382'));" data-farnell="3107569" data-newark="10AH2393" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Function Generator&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-da9fd" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3130266&amp;nsku=73AH0060&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('da9fd'));" data-farnell="3130266" data-newark="73AH0060" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multimeter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-4a571" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3107585&amp;nsku=49AJ4896&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('4a571'));" data-farnell="3107585" data-newark="49AJ4896" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-c7dfb" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1703816&amp;nsku=41K9137&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('c7dfb'));" data-farnell="1703816" data-newark="41K9137" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-6ea2d" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=800946&amp;nsku=49H8606&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('6ea2d'));" data-farnell="800946" data-newark="49H8606" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-63de6" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3617678&amp;nsku=23AJ6202&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('63de6'));" data-farnell="3617678" data-newark="23AJ6202" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transistors&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-be316" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=1574382&amp;nsku=04X5932&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('be316'));" data-farnell="1574382" data-newark="04X5932" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-1487f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2100098&amp;nsku=76T0417&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('1487f'));" data-farnell="2100098" data-newark="76T0417" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Opamps&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-7a280" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3117310&amp;nsku=33AH4547&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('7a280'));" data-farnell="3117310" data-newark="33AH4547" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transformers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-cea89" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2302188&amp;nsku=24B5914&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('cea89'));" data-farnell="2302188" data-newark="24B5914" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Power Supply&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8460f" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3798487&amp;nsku=69AJ1611&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8460f'));" data-farnell="3798487" data-newark="69AJ1611" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connectors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To get your audio signal in and out of your circuit, you&amp;#39;ll need connectors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-8439b" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=9991778&amp;nsku=33K3998&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('8439b'));" data-farnell="9991778" data-newark="33K3998" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-f65fe" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2309484&amp;nsku=72W1866&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('f65fe'));" data-farnell="2309484" data-newark="72W1866" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers and Headphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-163c9" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3409390&amp;nsku=92AH2181&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('163c9'));" data-farnell="3409390" data-newark="92AH2181" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5228c" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=2815144&amp;nsku=79X3820&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5228c'));" data-farnell="2815144" data-newark="79X3820" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microphones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:400px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id="e14-product-link-5a271" data-at-areainteracted="rte-content" data-at-type="click" data-at-link-type="button" href="https://referral.element14.com/OrderCodeView?fsku=3370760&amp;nsku=84AJ0826&amp;COM=e14c-noscript&amp;CMP=e14c-noscript&amp;osetc=e14-noscript-tracking-loss" data-at-label="PRODUCT_POPUP_OPEN"class="e14-embedded e14_shopping-cart-far e14-button" onclick="event.preventDefault();e14.func.displayProduct(e14.meta.user.country, this, 'embedded-link', e14.func.getProductLinkJSON('5a271'));" data-farnell="3370760" data-newark="84AJ0826" data-comoverride="" data-cmpoverride="" data-cpc="" data-avnetemea="" data-avnetema="" data-avnetasia="" &gt;Buy Now&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/2</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 22:04:50 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 2 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 10:04:50 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img class="nolightbox" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3107569&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 10AH2393&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Function Generator&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3130266&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:73AH0060&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeter&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3107585&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:49AJ4896&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1703816&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 41K9137&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 800946&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 49H8606&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3617678&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 23AJ6202&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1574382&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 04X5932&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2100098&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 76T0417&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3117310&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:33AH4547&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2302188&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 24B5914&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DC Power Supply&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3798487&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:69AJ1611&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3595762&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:52AH7468&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Connectors?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 9991778&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 33K3998&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2309484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 72W1866&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, headphones, etc. mic???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3409390&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 92AH2181&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2815144&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 79X3820&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Microphone&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3370760&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 84AJ0826&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Audio Tweaker's Wishlist</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/27426/audio-tweaker-s-wishlist---what-do-i-need-to-build-maintain-audio-gear/revision/1</link><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jan 2022 22:02:34 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:68a1d210-d117-42d4-ac60-263483c0bdfd</guid><dc:creator>dychen</dc:creator><description>Revision 1 posted to Documents by dychen on 1/10/2022 10:02:34 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many makers and engineers got into engineering through audio. Whether it be building a guitar pedal or modding the power amp in your home theater, working with audio components is a fun way to use your engineering skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This wishlist presents some of the tools and parts you need for working with audio. Audio is a broad topic, so this wishlist is a general overview of analog audio components. We&amp;#39;ll get specific in later articles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giveaway&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What&amp;#39;s in your home theater or music setup? Better yet, show us a picture of your home theater, stereo, or studio setups!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our five favorites will receive a pair of Koss wireless headphones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tools&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For audio related building, here are some handy tools to have on your bench!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Oscilloscope" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_oscilloscope.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oscilloscope&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An oscilloscope is your best friend for audio work. They can be used to check frequency response, distortion characteristics, and everything other specification that is important to an audio signal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3107569&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 10AH2393&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Function Generator&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio work is all about frequencies. A function generator sends different kinds of waves at different frequencies so you know if your build is responding the way you want it to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Function Generator" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_functiongenerator.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3130266&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:73AH0060&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeter&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimeters are essential for every kind of electronics work; audio is no different.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Multimeter" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_multimeter.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3107585&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:49AJ4896&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Speaker Dummy Load&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since we can&amp;#39;t use speakers for our testing, all that power needs someplace to go. A dummy load simulates a speaker in your circuit without blowing your head off with volume. A dummy load can be built with a high wattage resistor at the desired resistance, usually 4, 8, or 16 ohms for speakers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speaker Dummy Load" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakerdummyload.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1703816&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 41K9137&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact Cleaner&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re repairing equipment that has scratchy pots, many times, a bottle of contact cleaner is all you need. Drip a little bit into the pot and exercise it; your noise issues will often disappear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Contact Cleaner" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_contactcleaner.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 800946&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 49H8606&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Helping Hands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You&amp;#39;ve probably already got a nice soldering station, so we won&amp;#39;t get into soldering equipment, but with any soldering project, because we don&amp;#39;t have six arms ourselves, a set of helping hands is very valuable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Helping Hands" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_helpinghands.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3617678&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 23AJ6202&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Audio circuits use a wide variety of analog components to keep that audio sounding good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transistors are typically used to amplify audio signals, and sometimes distort. Different types of transistors have different characteristics, whether they are BJT, MOSFET, JFET, or even silicon or germanium.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transistor" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transistor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 1574382&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 04X5932&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Potentiometers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;#39;re putting any kind of analog controls on your new creation, you&amp;#39;ll likely need pots or faders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Potentiometer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_potentiometer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2100098&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 76T0417&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opamps (operational amplifier) designed to amplify signals and there&amp;#39;s a wide range, from large and discrete, like the vintage API 2520 (and its descendants), to surface mount. Opamp design has come a long way and newer opamps boast near zero distortion and noise, although classic opamps like the TL072 and 5532 still offer great sounds in the right circuit.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Opamp" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_opamp.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3117310&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:33AH4547&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transformers do a whole lot of things in an audio circuit; impedance matching, balancing, stepping up or down, etc. Because they only transmit audio signals, transformers also provide an important benefit: isolation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Transformer" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_transformer.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2302188&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 24B5914&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DC Power Supply&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your opamps and transistors need to be powered, so chances are you&amp;#39;ll need a good DC power supply. Op amps typically take somewhere in the range of +/-16V, while a discrete transistor based circuit might require a 24V supply. If you&amp;#39;re making a microphone preamp that supplies phantom power, you&amp;#39;ll need to supply 48V.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Power Supply" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_powersupply.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3798487&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:69AJ1611&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F:3595762&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N:52AH7468&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Connectors?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="XLR Connector" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorXLR.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 9991778&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 33K3998&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Terminal connectors" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_connectorterminal.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2309484&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 72W1866&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers, headphones, etc. mic???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now the fun part! The most important tools for testing audio devices are your ears.&amp;nbsp; Speakers, speaker drivers, and headphones are the most important tools once you&amp;#39;re ready to test your design. Fingers crossed that you don&amp;#39;t get a blast of loud feedback when you flip the switch!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Speakers" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_speakers.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3409390&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 92AH2181&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Headphones" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_headphones.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 2815144&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 79X3820&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Microphone&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of microphones &amp;ndash; large diaphragm condensers, small diaphragm condensers, dynamics, ribbons, and more, all designed for specific purposes. We&amp;rsquo;ve selected a lavalier because it&amp;rsquo;s a tiny inexpensive mic that is convenient for testing on the bench.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" style="max-height:360px;max-width:640px;" alt="Microphone" src="/e14/assets/main/2022/audio_microphone.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F: 3370760&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N: 84AJ0826&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Vishay Intertechnology Extends 159-PUL-SI Snap-in Power Aluminum Capacitors With Rated Voltage to 500 V at +105 °C</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/16772/vishay-intertechnology-extends-159-pul-si-snap-in-power-aluminum-capacitors-with-rated-voltage-to-500-v-at-105-c</link><pubDate>Fri, 08 Oct 2021 07:47:02 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:2dce2b26-a33f-4026-b894-c025ffb05241</guid><dc:creator>Former Member</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by Former Member on 10/8/2021 7:47:02 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h6&gt;Devices Offer High Ripple Current to 2.80 A Over Full Lifetime for Solar Inverter and Industrial Motor Control Applications&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;MALVERN, Pa. — Dec. 19, 2013 —Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (NYSE: VSH) today announced that it has extended its &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.vishay.com/ppg?28341" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" target="_blank"&gt;159 PUL-SI&lt;/a&gt; series of snap-in power aluminum capacitors to a high rated voltage of 500 V at +105 °C. Designed for solar PV inverters, industrial motor controls, and power supplies, the enhanced devices feature a long useful life, high ripple current to 2.80 A and +105 °C, and max. ESR down to 150 m Ω at 100 Hz. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Featuring a cylindrical aluminum case with a pressure relief valve, insulated with a blue sleeve, the new Vishay BCcomponents snap-in capacitors released today are available in a variety of case sizes ranging from 22 x 25 mm to 35 x 60 mm. At 500 V, the devices feature a maximum operating temperature to +105 °C and useful life of &amp;gt;3000 hours. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;As polarized aluminum electrolytic capacitors with a non-solid electrolyte, the &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.vishay.com/ppg?28341" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" target="_blank"&gt;159 PUL-SI&lt;/a&gt; series devices are ideally suited for smoothing, filtering, and energy storage in pulsed power applications. The capacitors are also available in a keyed polarity snap-in version. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Device Specification Table:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case size (D x L in mm)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;22 x 25 to 35 x 60&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Capacitance range&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;56 µF to 1800 µF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tolerance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;± 20 %&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ripple current at 120 Hz and + 105 °C&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;0.48 A to 2.80 A&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rated voltage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;200 V to 450 V &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;500 V&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Category temperature range&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt; -25 °C to +105 °C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Useful life at +105 °C&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;5000 hours&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;3000 hours&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Max. ESR at 100 Hz&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;150 m Ω to 3200 m Ω&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Max. impedance at 10 kHz&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;130 m Ω to 1950 m Ω&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sectional specification&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;IEC 60384-4/EN130300&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Climatic category IEC 60068&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="border:1px solid black;"&gt;25/105/56&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Samples and production quantities of the &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.vishay.com/ppg?28341" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" target="_blank"&gt;159 PUL-SI&lt;/a&gt; series capacitors are available now, with lead times of 10 to 12 weeks. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., a Fortune 1000 Company listed on the NYSE (VSH), is one of the world&amp;#39;s largest manufacturers of discrete semiconductors (diodes, MOSFETs, and infrared optoelectronics) and passive electronic components (resistors, inductors, and capacitors). These components are used in virtually all types of electronic devices and equipment, in the industrial, computing, automotive, consumer, telecommunications, military, aerospace, power supplies, and medical markets. Vishay’s product innovations, successful acquisition strategy, and &amp;quot;one-stop shop&amp;quot; service have made it a global industry leader. Vishay can be found on the Internet at &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.vishay.com/" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" target="_blank"&gt;www.vishay.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="migration-injected-attachments"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight:bold;margin:15px 0 5px 0;"&gt;Attachments:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border:0;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="160"&gt;&lt;span class="_se_attachment" id="attid_https://www.element14.com/community/api/core/v3/attachments/124294"&gt;&lt;a href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-66/VMN_5F00_PT0372_5F00_1310.pdf"&gt;community.element14.com/.../VMN_5F00_PT0372_5F00_1310.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:80%;"&gt;VMN_PT0372_1310.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: vishay, capacitor, alucaps, high_reliability, capacitors, aluminium, pv_inverter, inverter, electrolytic, motor_drive_and_control, solar&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Aluminum Electrolytic SMD V-chip up to +150°C</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/11204/aluminum-electrolytic-smd-v-chip-up-to-150-c</link><pubDate>Fri, 08 Oct 2021 05:32:57 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:b0cb7470-7ac3-41a3-96bb-fd4a643267b8</guid><dc:creator>Former Member</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by Former Member on 10/8/2021 5:32:57 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Product Benefits:&lt;a href="/servlet/JiveServlet/downloadImage/102-53222-1-130849/160+CLA.gif"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://community.element14.com/resized-image/__size/200x140/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-66/contentimage_5F00_28989.gif"&gt;&lt;img alt="image" src="https://community-storage.element14.com/communityserver-components-secureimagefileviewer/communityserver/wikis/components/files/00/00/00/00/66/contentimage_28989.gif-200x140.png?sv=2016-05-31&amp;amp;sr=b&amp;amp;sig=7rnp6tqRZ28iC33wMnxwaY4lG5OgTZvIKTtdEmQfjVw%3D&amp;amp;se=2026-05-01T23%3A59%3A59Z&amp;amp;sp=r&amp;amp;_=wZeDccB4vgDAoxaWeb6zWw==" style="max-height: 140px;max-width: 200px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;High-temperature performance to + 150 °C&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Meets the rigorous IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 soldering guidelines for severe reflow conditions&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Available in six case sizes, ranging from 12.5 mm by 12.5 mm by 13 mm to 18 mm by 18 mm by 21 mm&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Very low “Z” down to 0.035 Ω&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;High ripple current to 1.35 A&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Long useful life to 2,000 hours at + 150 °C&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Polarized aluminum electrolytic capacitors with a non-solid, self-healing electrolyte&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;AEC-Q200 qualified&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;RoHS compliant&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Charge- and discharge-proof&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Offered in 4-pin and 6-pin versions&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;DATASHEET: &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.vishay.com/docs/28405/160cla.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.vishay.com/docs/28405/160cla.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;PRODUCT PAGE: &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.vishay.com/ppg?28405" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.vishay.com/ppg?28405&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Vishay Intertechnology Announces New Series of Surface-Mount Aluminum Capacitors With High Temperature Range to + 150 °C, Low “Z” to 0.035 Ω, and High Ripple Current to 1.35 A&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Offered in Six Case Sizes, Devices Meet IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Soldering Guidelines&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;MALVERN, Pa. — Feb. 13, 2013 — Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (NYSE: VSH) today announced a new series of surface-mount aluminum capacitors that combines a high temperature range to + 150 °C with very low impedance, high ripple current, and long useful life. For increased processing flexibility, the Vishay BCcomponents 160 CLA devices meet the rigorous IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 soldering guidelines for severe reflow conditions. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;The capacitors introduced today are available in six case sizes, ranging from 12.5 mm by 12.5 mm by 13 mm to the larger 18 mm by 18 mm by 21 mm. For enhanced performance and reliability, the 160 CLA devices feature a very low “Z,” or maximum impedance at 100 kHz, of 0.035 Ω, high ripple current to 1.35 A, and long useful life to 2000 hours at + 150 °C. The capacitors offer capacitance from 100 µF to 3300 µF over a 16 V to 50 V voltage range. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;As polarized aluminum electrolytic capacitors with a non-solid, self-healing electrolyte, the AEC-Q200-qualified devices are ideally suited for filtering, smoothing, buffering, and voltage decoupling applications in high-temperature environments. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Typical end products will include automotive power trains and chassis electronics; industrial drives, automation, and equipment for renewable energy; and SMPS units. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;The RoHS-compliant 160 CLA capacitors are charge- and discharge-proof, so there is no peak current limitation. For vibration-proof performance, the devices are offered in 4-pin and 6-pin versions. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Samples of the new capacitors are available via Vishay franchised distributors or directly from Vishay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: vishay, capacitor, alucaps, vishay_bccomponents, surface_mount, smd, capacitors, bccomponents, automotive, rating, aluminum_capacitors, high_temperature, aluminum_capacitor&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>SCHURTER presents new model 2300 A and variants.</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/10904/schurter-presents-new-model-2300-a-and-variants</link><pubDate>Fri, 08 Oct 2021 05:25:21 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:666daa34-7e9c-4c76-85ab-514a05156712</guid><dc:creator>schurter</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by schurter on 10/8/2021 5:25:21 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FMER SOL - SCHURTER presents new model 2300 A and variants &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;without Y-capacitors. SCHURTER is expanding its successful FMER &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;series of high-current filters with a model for high power. The entire &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;series is now available without grounding capacitors for safety-related &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;applications.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;Photovoltaic panels with increasing surface areas are being installed, and as a result ever more powerful inverters are required. To address this trend, SCHURTER is expanding the current ratings of its DC filters to 2300 A for higher power. For reasons of safety, filters are sometimes requested without grounding capacitors, which prevents any leakage current to ground. Thus, SCHURTER is also offering this entire series without Y capacitors. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;Modern solar inverters with MPP (maximum power point) trackers generate interference in both directions: on the AC grid side and the DC panel side. On the AC side, it is usual to insert an AC filter such as the SCHURTER FMAC or FMBC, but until now few provisions have been made for the DC side. EMC standards EN 61000-6-3 and EN 55014-1, however, also limit the level of interference on non grid-connected conductors such as those going to a solar panel. A remedy can be provided by DC filters installed on the DC side of the solar inverter. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;Large solar inverters are generally housed in cabinets that must have active cooling. The SCHURTER FMER series features high temperature resistance, which reduces the necessary cooling energy and makes a significant contribution to higher energy efficiency for the entire system. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;FMER family filters have UL approvals for ambient temperatures of +55°C and +75°C as well as for rated voltages of 600 VDC and 1000 VDC. They are exceptionally well suited for rated currents from 25 A to 2300 A at an ambient of 55°C and for voltages up to 1200 VDC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;FMER SOL DC filters come standard with screw terminals up to 150 A, and with copper bars starting at 250 A. Other connection types (stranded wire or copper bar for current levels less than 250 A or bus bar terminals) are available on request. In addition, small modifications to the switching or the housing are also possible on request. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;For optimal matching to the inverter, SCHURTER offers its own EMC measurement service that makes it possible to find the most cost-effective filter solution.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11.5pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Technical features: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#2d2d2d;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;– Rated voltage 1200 VDC &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#2d2d2d;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;– Rated current 25 A to 2300 A &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#2d2d2d;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;– Connections: screw terminals 25 - 150 A; copper bars 250 - 2300 A &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Default" style="margin:0;text-indent:-0.5in;padding-left:45px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#2d2d2d;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;span class="pasted-list-info"&gt;–&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#2d2d2d;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;cURus approval: 600 VDC 25 - 150 A, 1000 VDC 250 - 2300 A&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;margin-right:321.5pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;margin-right:321.5pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;"&gt;Resources: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:9pt;"&gt;Technical data &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;color:blue;font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.schurter.com/pdf/english/typ_fmer_sol.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.schurter.com/pdf/english/typ_fmer_sol.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:9pt;"&gt;Stock check &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial;color:blue;font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.schurter.com/Stock-Check" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.schurter.com/Stock-Check&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:9pt;"&gt;Product &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial;color:blue;font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.schurter.com/emc_news" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.schurter.com/emc_news&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;margin-right:50.3pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;text-indent:-9pt;margin:0 50.3pt 0 9pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-indent:-9pt;margin:0 50.3pt 0 9pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About SCHURTER Group&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SCHURTER &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;"&gt;continues to be a progressive innovator and manufacturer of electronic and electrical components worldwide. Our products ensure safe and clean supply of power, while making equipment easy to use. We offer a broad range of standard products including circuit protection, connectors, switches, EMC products and input systems, as well as electronic manufacturing services. Moreover, SCHURTER is ready to work with our customers to meet their application specific requirements, not covered in our standard range. You can rely on SCHURTER’s global network of companies and partners to guarantee a high level of local service and product delivery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;margin-right:419.85pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;margin-right:313pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;"&gt;Contact: &lt;a class="jive-link-email-small" href="mailto:info@schurter.com.sg"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;info@schurter.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.sg &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;margin-right:298.35pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10pt;"&gt;Website: www.schurter.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="migration-injected-attachments"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight:bold;margin:15px 0 5px 0;"&gt;Attachments:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border:0;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="160"&gt;&lt;span class="_se_attachment" id="attid_https://www.element14.com/community/api/core/v3/attachments/109230"&gt;&lt;a href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-66/01_2D00_13-SSIN-M484-Launch-FMER-SOL-2300A.pdf"&gt;community.element14.com/.../01_2D00_13-SSIN-M484-Launch-FMER-SOL-2300A.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:80%;"&gt;01-13 SSIN M484 Launch FMER SOL 2300A.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: schurter, filter&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>New Online Selector Tool for Aluminum Capacitors</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/9249/new-online-selector-tool-for-aluminum-capacitors</link><pubDate>Fri, 08 Oct 2021 04:42:00 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:69353d13-fa56-4d6c-859a-957d34914afc</guid><dc:creator>Former Member</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by Former Member on 10/8/2021 4:42:00 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;A new selector tool for aluminum capacitors is now available on the Vishay Intertechnology website. The time-saving tool aids designers in choosing the appropriate device for their application. Vishay’s new selector tool quickly sorts through our entire offering of aluminum capacitors based on a number of specifications, including capacitance, voltage, form (e.g. axial, radial, SMD, snap-in or screw terminal), case size, maximum temperature, useful life, and style (e.g. low profile or blister tape on reel). Designers can define their search by one, some, or all of these parameters. Results are given as part order codes with key device specifications. For more information on the part, simply click on the order code to access the product‘s datasheet and other documentation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Link to selector tool:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://www.vishay.com/capacitors/selection-tool/" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.vishay.com/capacitors/selection-tool/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.vishay.com/capacitors/selection-tool/" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://community.element14.com/resized-image/__size/620x413/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-66/contentimage_5F00_30914.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="image" src="https://community-storage.element14.com/communityserver-components-secureimagefileviewer/communityserver/wikis/components/files/00/00/00/00/66/contentimage_30914.jpg-620x413.jpg?sv=2016-05-31&amp;amp;sr=b&amp;amp;sig=Ff9deM5TVSm0UrhFDq548vYI4gvzCEfLvSa%2FxOBxduE%3D&amp;amp;se=2026-05-01T23%3A59%3A59Z&amp;amp;sp=r&amp;amp;_=bqCd19es06Bn/laYsMKcaw==" style="max-height: 413px;max-width: 620px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: vishay, capacitor, edlc, vishay_bccomponents, screw_terminal, smd, capacitors, bccomponents, double_layer_capacitors, electrolytic, axial, aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor, radial, snap-in, aluminum, aluminum_capacitor&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>How do I reduce Leakage levels using Cellergy super capacitors, to maximise battery life?</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/7894/how-do-i-reduce-leakage-levels-using-cellergy-super-capacitors-to-maximise-battery-life</link><pubDate>Thu, 07 Oct 2021 09:02:15 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:f957de11-a91b-40d0-9895-e88e2056f0eb</guid><dc:creator>Andy_Brook</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by Andy_Brook on 10/7/2021 9:02:15 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.icd-sales.com/image/full/11.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="image" src="http://www.icd-sales.com/image/full/11.jpg"  /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How do I reduce Leakage levels using Cellergy Super Capacitors to maximise Battery life?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;The very best way is to use a Cellergy Super Capacitor with nominal voltage which is higher than the battery nominal voltage (actually derating; for example use Super Capacitor rated as 4.2V for 3V application instead of using the 3.5V Super Capacitor).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;A second way is to use a FET.&amp;nbsp; A FET should be placed between the Super Capacitor and ground. The FET should close a circuit during Super Capacitor discharge and charge and open a circuit when the Super Capacitor is totally charged.FET switching is then implemented in the application where low leakage current is required. The Self discharge current of the Cellergy Super Capacitor (Super Capacitors leads at open circuit - FET is opened)) is lower than Leakage current.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;To view the complete stocked range of Cellergy super capacitors at Farnell, &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://grh.premierfarnell.com/pageredir.aspx?c=EU1&amp;amp;u=jsp/search/productListing.jsp?SKUS=1845258,1845259,1845260,1845261,1845262,1845264,1845265,1845266,1845267,1845268,1845269,1845270,1845271,1845272,1845273,1845274,1845276,1845277,1845278,1845279" target="_blank"&gt;please click here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: capacitor, edlc, high_cv, cellergy, gold_cap, maximise_battery_life, battery_life, double_layer_capacitors, supercap, super_cap, goldcap, bestcap&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Vishay launches its MKP 1848 DC-Link Film Capacitor</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/7736/vishay-launches-its-mkp-1848-dc-link-film-capacitor</link><pubDate>Thu, 07 Oct 2021 08:32:31 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:c2c2f161-cba7-4b49-a40d-1e467fa0f68e</guid><dc:creator>Andy_Brook</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by Andy_Brook on 10/7/2021 8:32:31 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.reidtechnology.co.nz/site/reidtechnology/images/Health_/Vishay_Logo_BlueBlack_72DPI.jpg"&gt;&lt;img height="167" src="http://www.reidtechnology.co.nz/site/reidtechnology/images/Health_/Vishay_Logo_BlueBlack_72DPI.jpg" style="float:right;" width="204"  /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;"&gt;Farnell is pleased to announce the launch of the Vishay MKP 1848 Series DC-Link Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:12pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://partimages.globalspec.com/22/3772/443772_medium.png"&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" alt="image" height="112" src="http://partimages.globalspec.com/22/3772/443772_medium.png" style="float:left;" width="110"  /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:12pt;"&gt;With a capacitance range from 1uF to 400uF and voltage ratings of over 1000Vdc, this range was developed for a range of applications including Wind/Solar Energy, Welding Equipment and HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicles).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:12pt;"&gt;To view the Vishay promotional video please see below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bootIo0NP7c"&gt;www.youtube.com/watch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:10pt;"&gt;For more info or to buy these products please see the link below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:10pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="459"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;" width="100"&gt;Farnell #&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;" width="207"&gt;Description&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;" width="152"&gt;Vishay #&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791613&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 500V, 15uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 615 454P4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 500V, 22uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 622 454P4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791615&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 500V, 25uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 625 454P4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791616&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 500V, 50uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 650 454Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791617&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 500V, 100uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 710 454Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791619&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 500V, 200uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 720 454Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791621&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 500V, 400uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 740 454Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791622&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 800V, 3uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 530 704K2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791623&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 800V, 5uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 550 704K3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791624&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 800V, 8uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 580 704K2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 800V, 20uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 620 704P4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791626&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 800V, 40uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 640 704Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791627&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 800V, 80uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 680 704Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791628&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 800V, 160uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 716 704Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791629&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 1uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 510 094K2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791630&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 3uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 530 094K2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 5uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 550 094K2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791633&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 10uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 610 094P4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791634&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 12uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 612 094P4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 20uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 620 094P4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791636&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 30uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 630 094Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 40uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;"&gt;MKP1848 640 094Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1791638&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:black 1pt solid;color:black;border-left:medium none;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, MKP, 1100V, 50uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:black 1pt solid;color:black;border-left:medium none;background:#d8d8d8;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;"&gt;MKP1848 650 094Y5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000080;font-size:14pt;"&gt;&lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://grh.premierfarnell.com/pageredir.aspx?c=EU1&amp;amp;u=jsp/search/productListing.jsp?SKUS=1791613,1791614,1791615,1791616,1791617,1791619,1791621,1791622,1791623,1791624,1791625,1791626,1791627,1791628,1791629,1791630,1791632,1791633,1791634,1791635,1791636,1791637,1791638" target="_blank"&gt;CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="migration-injected-attachments"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight:bold;margin:15px 0 5px 0;"&gt;Attachments:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border:0;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="160"&gt;&lt;span class="_se_attachment" id="attid_https://www.element14.com/community/api/core/v3/attachments/33169"&gt;&lt;a href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-66/MKP-1848.pdf"&gt;community.element14.com/.../MKP-1848.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:80%;"&gt;MKP 1848.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: vishay, nte14-passcp, nte14-altenergy, wima, mkp, metallized_ploypropylene, film, mkp_1848, mkp1848, inverter, dc-link, solar&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Kemet Power Solutions (KPS) Single &amp; Double Chip Stacked Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/7607/kemet-power-solutions-kps-single-double-chip-stacked-multilayer-ceramic-capacitors</link><pubDate>Thu, 07 Oct 2021 07:52:58 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:dceb6286-ddc1-4254-927f-186d4409a57d</guid><dc:creator>Andy_Brook</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by Andy_Brook on 10/7/2021 7:52:58 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.mri.psu.edu/centers/cds/Images/CompanyLogos/KemetLogo.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="image" height="133" src="http://www.mri.psu.edu/centers/cds/Images/CompanyLogos/KemetLogo.jpg" style="float:right;" width="432"  /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;KEMET’s KPS Series (KEMET Power Solutions) utilizes proprietary lead-frame technology to vertically stack one or two multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCCs) into a single compact surface mount package. The attached lead-frame mechanically isolates the capacitor/s from the printed circuit board, therefore offering advanced mechanical and thermal stress performance.&amp;nbsp; Isolation also addresses concerns for audible, microphonic noise that may occur when a bias voltage is applied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://distributor.electronicspecifier.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/KemetKPS-150x150.jpg"&gt;&lt;img loading="lazy" alt="KemetKPS" src="http://distributor.electronicspecifier.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/KemetKPS-150x150.jpg" style="float:left;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;A two chip stack offers up to double the capacitance in the same or smaller design footprint when compared to traditional surface mount MLCC devices. &lt;br /&gt;Providing up to 10mm of board flex capability, KPS Series capacitors are environmentally friendly and in compliance with RoHS legislation. Available in X7R dielectric, these devices are capable of Pb-free reflow profiles and provide lower ESR, ESL and higher ripple current capability when compared to other dielectric solutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Benefits&lt;br /&gt;• Higher capacitance in the same footprint&lt;br /&gt;• Potential board space savings. &lt;br /&gt;• Advanced protection against thermal and mechanical stress &lt;br /&gt;• Provides up to 10mm of board flex capability &lt;br /&gt;• Reduces audible, microphonic noise&lt;br /&gt;• Extremely low ESR and ESL &lt;br /&gt;• Pb-Free and RoHS compliant &lt;br /&gt;• Capable of Pb-Free reflow profiles&lt;br /&gt;• Non-polar device, minimizing installation concerns&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;Applications&lt;br /&gt;• Industrial, Automotive, Military, Telecom &lt;br /&gt;• Smoothing circuits &lt;br /&gt;• DC-to-DC converters &lt;br /&gt;• Power supplies (input/output filters) &lt;br /&gt;• Noise Reduction (piezoelectric / mechanical) &lt;br /&gt;• Circuits with a direct battery or power source connection. &lt;br /&gt;• Critical and safety relevant circuits without (integrated) current limitation. &lt;br /&gt;• Any application that is subject to high levels of board flexure or temperature cycling&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:520px;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="xl66" height="17" style="border:0px solid black;" width="89"&gt;Farnell #&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="xl66" style="border:0px solid black;" width="284"&gt;Description&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="xl66" style="border:0px solid black;" width="147"&gt;Kemet #&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826338&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1210, 10V, 47uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1210C476M8R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826339&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1210, 50V, 4.7uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1210C475K5R1CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826340&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1210, 100V, 1uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1210C105K1R1CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826341&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1210, 100V, 2.2uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1210C225K1R1CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826342&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1210, 100V, 4.7uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1210C475M1R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826343&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1812, 16V, 22uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1812C226M4R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826344&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1812, 25V, 10uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1812C106M3R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826345&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1812, 50V, 3.3uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1812C335M5R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826346&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 1812, 250V, 470nF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C1812C474MAR2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826348&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 16V, 33uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C336M4R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 25V, 10uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C106K3R1CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826350&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 25V, 47uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C476M3R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826351&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 50V, 3.3uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C335K5R1CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826352&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 50V, 10uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C106K5R1CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 50V, 10uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C106M5R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826354&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 50V, 22uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C226M5R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 100V, 2.2uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C225M1R2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 100V, 3.3uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C335K1R1CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826357&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 250V, 1uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:medium none;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C105MAR2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="17" style="border:0px solid black;"&gt;1826358&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:black 0.5pt solid;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:medium none;"&gt;Capacitor, Stacked, 2220, 250V, 2.2uF&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border:0px solid black;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;border-bottom:black 0.5pt solid;color:black;border-left:medium none;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;border-top:black 0.5pt solid;border-right:black 0.5pt solid;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;C2220C225MAR2CTU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://grh.premierfarnell.com/pageredir.aspx?c=EU1&amp;amp;u=jsp/search/productListing.jsp?SKUS=1826338,1826339,1826340,1826341,1826342,1826343,1826344,1826345,1826346,1826348,1826349,1826350,1826351,1826352,1826353,1826354,1826355,1826356,1826357,1826358" target="_blank"&gt;For more info or to buy these products please click here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="migration-injected-attachments"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight:bold;margin:15px 0 5px 0;"&gt;Attachments:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="border:0;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width="160"&gt;&lt;span class="_se_attachment" id="attid_https://www.element14.com/community/api/core/v3/attachments/31916"&gt;&lt;a href="https://community.element14.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-66/Kemet-KPS.pdf"&gt;community.element14.com/.../Kemet-KPS.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:80%;"&gt;Kemet KPS.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: capacitor, nte14-passcp, mlcc, high_cv, nte14-altenergy, x7r, kps, hi-cap, nte14-mmedia, nte14-trans, nte14-indcont, avx, nte14-medical, kemet, stacked_mlcc&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Tantalum users are moving to Super Capacitors</title><link>https://community.element14.com/technologies/passive-components/w/documents/7555/tantalum-users-are-moving-to-super-capacitors</link><pubDate>Thu, 07 Oct 2021 07:52:01 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">93d5dcb4-84c2-446f-b2cb-99731719e767:f73c95b3-d264-4c96-bc91-6d2824b25cb6</guid><dc:creator>Andy_Brook</dc:creator><description>Current Revision posted to Documents by Andy_Brook on 10/7/2021 7:52:01 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;There is a growing interest from Tantalum users to move to &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://uk.farnell.com/jsp/search/browse.jsp;jsessionid=152V0R3IPN12KCQLCIRJLTQ?N=0&amp;amp;Ntk=gensearch_001&amp;amp;Ntt=celergy&amp;amp;Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&amp;amp;suggestions=false&amp;amp;ref=globalsearch&amp;amp;_requestid=122359" target="_blank"&gt;Cellergy’s Aqueous Super Capacitor&lt;/a&gt; Technologies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;The market for Wireless Applications is growing at a phenomenal rate, such as GSM/GPRS, Bluetooth, RFiD, Zigbee and WiFi.&amp;nbsp; With the nature of these products many are used within portable appliances and powered by Battery technology and therefore to support the Pulse requirements need to have Hi CV capacitor products with very Low ESR and low leakage to manage pulse requirements. Tantalum capacitor technology has been the incumbent source for many years but there are drawbacks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;One of the most common Tantalum Capacitance values is the 2.2uf whereas the lowest CV from Cellergy is 12mF. Leakage current can vary from 55uA to 130uA (Tantalum manufacturers vary) to just 3uA for 12mF Super Capacitors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;Tantalum manufacturers recommend only applying 50% of the nominal voltage in these applications, whereas Cellergy products work at the selected voltage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;Aqueous Super Capacitors respond well to Hi Discharge requirements for pulse applications, far more successfully than Tantalum Capacitors which adversely suffer from degradation when subject to constant Hi Discharge.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;Super Capacitors are very stable in terms of their structure and electrical characteristics. Super Capacitor availability , price and lead times are also excellent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;Super Capacitors are now a serious consideration when compared to older Tantalum technologies. Cellergy technology offers a range from 1.2v to 14v in sizes starting at just 12mm square with Capacitances starting at 7mF rising to 700mF.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt;For more info on Cellergy Super Capacitors please click &lt;a class="jive-link-external-small" href="http://uk.farnell.com/jsp/search/browse.jsp;jsessionid=152V0R3IPN12KCQLCIRJLTQ?N=0&amp;amp;Ntk=gensearch_001&amp;amp;Ntt=celergy&amp;amp;Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&amp;amp;suggestions=false&amp;amp;ref=globalsearch&amp;amp;_requestid=122359" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="" style="margin:0;padding:0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:12pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: bluetooth, vishay, wifi, cellergy, suer_capacitor, avx, rfid, tantalum, esr, gsm, hi_cv, super_cap, gprs, hicv, low_esr, kemet, zigbee&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item></channel></rss>