What 'Essentials' Electronics Topic would you like to Learn More About?

> There is NO grey area at all, you need a license to transmit or receive - end of - was part of the Wireless Telegraphy Act,

Could you answer what the situation is with regards to receiving say, BBC Radio 1 in a person's car?

My understanding is that the Communications Act 2003 and Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 along with Ofcom's definitions state that there "available of frequenccies for use for particular purposes and the granting of right of use of spectrum throughout wireless telegraphy licenses and licence exemptions" and so you would say it is an unlicensed spectrum, with the caveat that's perhaps unspoken that it is for exempted devices.

> The course states 2.4GHz ISM band unlicensed spectrum, which doesn't exist in the UK.

Which course? Can you provide a link?

A TV license is required to view broadcast TV (and there used to be a radio license). In the past listening to the radio required a license (I think was absorbed into the TV license and then made exempt).

It was made exempt, therefore it is not unlicensed it is license exempt (a big difference). In the not too distant past it was illegal to use an FM transmitter (say from an iPod or MP3 player to your car radio) but due to the plethora of devices available it became unenforceable (and though Ofcom could have prosecuted shops/distributers in the UK, not really possible outside the UK) so they passed an SI to exempt those devices (with a license that stated the max power allowed and frequency bands etc).

There are lots of people using illegal radio equipment in the UK i.e. if you connect say a Raspberry Pi and a LoRa transmitter HAT and use it, you are breaking the law (though LoRa is legal, any equipment used must be CE marked as a whole i.e. the Pi and LoRa kit as a single piece of equipment) and by using non CE market kit, you are breaking the license exemption for the 868MHz band (of course Ofcom are unlikely to do anything unless someone complains re interference).

Re the course section 3.1

"Bluetooth LE is radically different from Bluetooth Classic. It transmits data over 40 channels in the 2.4GHz unlicensed ISM frequency band,"

> Re the course

Link?

Bluetooth LE Features, Operation, and Dev Kits

Steve

Thank you.

I would like to know more about radio frequency communications (2-way) and the antenna apparatus that accompanies the send/receive hardware. Detecting direction and distance of signal is my main interest.

Is this Bluetooth related, as Bluetooth v5.2 supports time of arrival direction finding

1. Best practices for protecting circuits from back-emf from solenoids (eg. liquid pump that is solenoid-based).
2. Creating a "fail-safe/warning" condition in Arduino from a sensor (temperature, pressure, flow, light, etc) signal to: shut down a voltage, turn on a warning light, issue a notification, etc.
3. Using K-Maps to simply digital logic circuits.
4. Best practices or methods when connecting one device to another (methods to either match input and/or output impedance to the other device).
5. Methods to convert an analog voltage from an instrument or sensor to a digital display of the measured quantity.
6. Amplifying a sensor output voltage
7. Making an oscilloscope function as a time domain reflectometer.
8. Using Time Domain Reflectometry for identifying device function (hacking), troubleshooting, etc.
9. Ins and outs of automotive sensors and devices.

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