Very doubtful. I don't know of any scanners that don't run on a computer currently, so he'd have to design his own hardware and software, including complicated algorithms, camera and image control, then build up of the model, cleanup, slicing into layers, etc, all on an embedded device? Were you thinking something like an Arduino?
It probably is possible to do this all on a small pc like a pi or a beaglebone, find working software, automate the software through scripts, and hope that you don't need any cleanup, run some type of slicer and then have that send to the 3D printer. But then again you are using a PC, albeit a small one, and I don't think you could get good results without any human interaction to do cleanup of the faces and such.
You would have to have a computer like a raspberry pi to do the processing from the scanner to change it to a .stl file and then to g-code. Because computing is neccessary you cannot go directly from a scanner to a printer.
