I have been part of RC hobby for many years, flying RC planes to start with, and now mostly flying racing FPV (first person view) quadcopter. So, when I saw the "Month of Robots" theme, and looked at my parts bin, I found an old broken quadcopter, with one of the ESCs (electronic speed controllers) fried, a burnt out flight controller and a broken frame, which meant I had to design a 3D printed frame. For this build I am using the STM32F303 based flight Controller, also called the Emax F3 Femto in RC lingo.
Here are the steps to follow to complete the build
3D print the Frame:
For the frame I used Autodesk Fusion 360 to design it. The frame design is inspired by all the Alien frames out there. The old frame was a true X, which means after mounting the flight controller on this frame I have put a new PID(proportional integral derivative) tune on the quadcopter, which you can find in the dump file and the screen shots below.
For 3D printing, I used eSUN PLA + 1.75 mm filament. A suggestion here is to use atleast 60% infill with a hexagonal infill pattern to give the frame required strength to withstand crashes..
For the top, there are two versions , one for line of sight flight and the other one to install an FPV camera (first person view)
Solder the ESCs to the Motors
For the motors, I am using 1104 5250kv Brushless Motor, and 6A BLHeli 2S Plug-In ESCs, these do not come soldered to each other as you see in the picture below, you will have to solder the motor wires to one end of the ESC and the other end to connect to the flight controller. Don’t worry about the motor direction for now , as we can change the motor direction in a software called BLHeli – Configurator , more details below
Flashing the Flight Controller using Betaflight
Before you start with soldering the ESC to the flight controller it is a good idea to check if you have Betaflight/Cleanflight is flashed on your board, the STM32F303 based flight Controller comes with an old version of Cleanflight, which means we need to flash a newer version of Betaflight, in my case I am using 3.3.2, the HEX file is attached below. So once you install Betaflight using the Chrome app extension, you can go to the Firmware flasher section , solder/short the boot pads on the flight controller which put the board in DFU mode and hit the Flash firmware button as you see in the screenshot below.
What is Betaflight? - Betaflight - Configurator is a crossplatform configuration tool for Betaflight flight control system which allows you to configure your aircraft via a GUI. For more info check out - https://github.com/betaflight/betaflight-configurator
Once you have successfully flashed the board, reconnect the board and you should see quadcopter move, as you move your board, as you see in the picture below.
Here are the features and specs of the STM32F303 based flight Controller
- STM32F303 CPU
- MPU9250 accelerometer/gyro/compass (connected via SPI)
- 2-6S LiPo battery
- Integrated 5V/3A BEC
- Dedicated Sbus and serial RX with 5v ,Spektrum 1024/2048, SBUS, XBUS, SumD and SumH RX with built-in inverter
- 6Supports direct connection of 3.3v Spektrum Satellite receivers
- Telemetry support (frsky telemetry, smartport, and HoTT telemetry)
- Dedicated PPM receiver input
- Buzzer support
- Dedicated output for programmable LEDs - great for orientation, racing and night flying. (Currently mutually exclusive with the Transponder)
- BLHeli Passthrough ready(connect BLheli suite)
- 2.0 mm pin headers
- 80A Current tolerance (PDB)
- Integrated Battery monitoring
- Use all the features all the time; e.g. Connect your USB + SmartPort + SBus + LED Strip + Battery Monitoring + 4 motors - all at the same time!
- 20x20mm board
- Weight 2.2 grams
- UART3 (RX3)-Use for Spektrum Satellite RX, Spektrum 1024/2048, SBUS, XBUS, SumD and SumH RX, etc.
- UART2/PPM - Serial RX or PPM RX + Telemetry
- Use RX2 as PPM receiver. Use TX2 as telemetry output when using PPM.
- Info from - https://emax-usa.com/emx-fc-1710-f3-femto-flight-controller.html
Connecting the ESCs to the Flight controller
Solder ESC to the flight controller, and before you solder make a note of +ve and –ve on the board, a good idea if you don’t see the marking on the board is to do a continuity test using the battery pads to figure out which pads on the board are +ve and –ve.
Also solder a an XT30 male connector to the power pad, note depending on where you buy the flight controller it should come with a red JST RCY male connector, but I would not use it because after some use of connector, you can plug the battery in the opposite direction unknowingly and short your flight controller, I did this a couple of times and have now moved all my RC things to the XT30 connectors..
Here it the pin out diagram for the connections
Image from the Flight Controller Manual- Emax F3 femto based on STM32F303
Solder a RC receiver
In my case for radio control I am using FrSky, which mean I had to use a FrSky XM SBUS micro receiver, thi is an ultra-light receiver with 16 channels, and as the controller I am using a Taranis qx7, the yellow wire going to the FC here is the SBUS wire, here are some features of the receiver
- Number of Channels: Up to 16CH from SBUS(CH1~CH15 for PWM, CH16 RSSI for FC
- Operating Voltage Range:3.5~10V
- Operating Current:20mA@5V
- Operating Range:>600m
Once done bind the receiver to the transmitter aka the radio, all radio’s has different steps to bind and setup receiver. For Frsky you have a bind option in the transmitter menu, as you see in the picture below..
Check the Motor direction
Using Betaflight go to the motor pad and turn up each motor to check if the directions of rotation.
If the direction of the motors is wrong you will have to either de-solder two motor wires and swap them to change the direction, of if your soldering iron is already switched off, download and install BLHeli – Configurator which is another chrome app, that reads the setup of your ESC’s and then reverse the direction if required, as you see in the screenshot below.
What is BLHeli – Configurator , chrome cross-platform configuration tool for BLHeli-based electronic speed controllers, for more info check out - https://github.com/blheli-configurator/blheli-configurator
Adding the Top plate
Now using M3 Nylon hardware pack screw the top plate to the base as you see in the picture below, also tape the ESCs to the arms and also add zip ties to secure the receiver antenna.
Also another suggestion is to hot glue parts that you think can vibrate and fall off , like screws/standoffs after your first few flights.. Also to secure the lipo battery to the bottom use double sided velcro and a rubber band..
Setting up switches
Now setup the switches which correspond to your radio in Betaflight to Arm the quadcopter , and to fly the quadcopter in various modes like self-stabilization, Acro. In my case, I have AUX1 which corresponds to the left most switch on the radio - Taranis qx7 setup to Arm the quadcopter and AUX2 for stabilization and Air mode. You can also setup a beeper with the quadcopter to warn you when the battery is running low and act lost model finder alarm in case the quadcopter gets stuck in tall grass.
PID tuning
Here is my PID tune from Betaflight, and this is a complex topic to explain, which could be a future blog. And also added a dump from the Betaflight CLI. Note, PIDs vary from person to person, I have set these up for a beginner for this frame design.
Here is the dump file, using the Betaflight CLI.
CLI # dump # Betaflight / SPRACINGF3EVO (SPEV) 3.2.2 Nov 11 2017 / 00:44:21 (77782e602) MSP API: 1.36 name Project14Quad resource BEEPER 1 C15 resource MOTOR 1 A00 resource MOTOR 2 A01 resource MOTOR 3 A02 resource MOTOR 4 A03 resource MOTOR 5 A06 resource MOTOR 6 A07 resource MOTOR 7 B00 resource MOTOR 8 B01 resource SERVO 1 NONE resource SERVO 2 NONE resource SERVO 3 NONE resource SERVO 4 NONE resource SERVO 5 NONE resource SERVO 6 NONE resource SERVO 7 NONE resource SERVO 8 NONE resource PPM 1 A15 resource PWM 1 NONE resource PWM 2 NONE resource PWM 3 NONE resource PWM 4 NONE resource PWM 5 NONE resource PWM 6 NONE resource PWM 7 NONE resource PWM 8 NONE resource LED_STRIP 1 A08 resource SERIAL_TX 1 A09 resource SERIAL_TX 2 A14 resource SERIAL_TX 3 B10 resource SERIAL_TX 4 NONE resource SERIAL_TX 5 NONE resource SERIAL_TX 6 NONE resource SERIAL_TX 7 NONE resource SERIAL_TX 8 NONE resource SERIAL_TX 9 NONE resource SERIAL_TX 10 NONE resource SERIAL_TX 11 A07 resource SERIAL_TX 12 B01 resource SERIAL_RX 1 A10 resource SERIAL_RX 2 A15 resource SERIAL_RX 3 B11 resource SERIAL_RX 4 NONE resource SERIAL_RX 5 NONE resource SERIAL_RX 6 NONE resource SERIAL_RX 7 NONE resource SERIAL_RX 8 NONE resource SERIAL_RX 9 NONE resource SERIAL_RX 10 NONE resource SERIAL_RX 11 A06 resource SERIAL_RX 12 B00 resource I2C_SCL 1 B06 resource I2C_SCL 2 NONE resource I2C_SDA 1 B07 resource I2C_SDA 2 NONE resource LED 1 B08 resource LED 2 NONE resource LED 3 NONE resource RX_BIND 1 NONE resource RX_BIND_PLUG 1 NONE resource TRANSPONDER 1 A08 resource SPI_SCK 1 B03 resource SPI_SCK 2 B13 resource SPI_SCK 3 NONE resource SPI_MISO 1 B04 resource SPI_MISO 2 B14 resource SPI_MISO 3 NONE resource SPI_MOSI 1 B05 resource SPI_MOSI 2 B15 resource SPI_MOSI 3 NONE resource ESCSERIAL 1 A15 resource CAMERA_CONTROL 1 NONE resource ADC_BATT 1 A04 resource ADC_RSSI 1 B02 resource ADC_CURR 1 A05 resource ADC_EXT 1 NONE resource BARO_CS 1 NONE mixer QUADX mmix reset servo 0 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 servo 1 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 servo 2 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 servo 3 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 servo 4 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 servo 5 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 servo 6 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 servo 7 1000 2000 1500 100 -1 smix reset feature -RX_PPM feature -INFLIGHT_ACC_CAL feature -RX_SERIAL feature -MOTOR_STOP feature -SERVO_TILT feature -SOFTSERIAL feature -GPS feature -SONAR feature -TELEMETRY feature -3D feature -RX_PARALLEL_PWM feature -RX_MSP feature -RSSI_ADC feature -LED_STRIP feature -DISPLAY feature -OSD feature -CHANNEL_FORWARDING feature -TRANSPONDER feature -AIRMODE feature -RX_SPI feature -SOFTSPI feature -ESC_SENSOR feature -ANTI_GRAVITY feature -DYNAMIC_FILTER feature RX_SERIAL feature TELEMETRY feature RSSI_ADC feature TRANSPONDER beeper GYRO_CALIBRATED beeper RX_LOST beeper RX_LOST_LANDING beeper DISARMING beeper ARMING beeper ARMING_GPS_FIX beeper BAT_CRIT_LOW beeper BAT_LOW beeper GPS_STATUS beeper RX_SET beeper ACC_CALIBRATION beeper ACC_CALIBRATION_FAIL beeper READY_BEEP beeper MULTI_BEEPS beeper DISARM_REPEAT beeper ARMED beeper SYSTEM_INIT beeper ON_USB beeper BLACKBOX_ERASE map TAER1234 serial 20 1 115200 57600 0 115200 serial 0 0 115200 57600 0 115200 serial 1 0 115200 57600 0 115200 serial 2 64 115200 57600 0 115200 led 0 0,0::C:0 led 1 0,0::C:0 led 2 0,0::C:0 led 3 0,0::C:0 led 4 0,0::C:0 led 5 0,0::C:0 led 6 0,0::C:0 led 7 0,0::C:0 led 8 0,0::C:0 led 9 0,0::C:0 led 10 0,0::C:0 led 11 0,0::C:0 led 12 0,0::C:0 led 13 0,0::C:0 led 14 0,0::C:0 led 15 0,0::C:0 led 16 0,0::C:0 led 17 0,0::C:0 led 18 0,0::C:0 led 19 0,0::C:0 led 20 0,0::C:0 led 21 0,0::C:0 led 22 0,0::C:0 led 23 0,0::C:0 led 24 0,0::C:0 led 25 0,0::C:0 led 26 0,0::C:0 led 27 0,0::C:0 led 28 0,0::C:0 led 29 0,0::C:0 led 30 0,0::C:0 led 31 0,0::C:0 color 0 0,0,0 color 1 0,255,255 color 2 0,0,255 color 3 30,0,255 color 4 60,0,255 color 5 90,0,255 color 6 120,0,255 color 7 150,0,255 color 8 180,0,255 color 9 210,0,255 color 10 240,0,255 color 11 270,0,255 color 12 300,0,255 color 13 330,0,255 color 14 0,0,0 color 15 0,0,0 mode_color 0 0 1 mode_color 0 1 11 mode_color 0 2 2 mode_color 0 3 13 mode_color 0 4 10 mode_color 0 5 3 mode_color 1 0 5 mode_color 1 1 11 mode_color 1 2 3 mode_color 1 3 13 mode_color 1 4 10 mode_color 1 5 3 mode_color 2 0 10 mode_color 2 1 11 mode_color 2 2 4 mode_color 2 3 13 mode_color 2 4 10 mode_color 2 5 3 mode_color 3 0 8 mode_color 3 1 11 mode_color 3 2 4 mode_color 3 3 13 mode_color 3 4 10 mode_color 3 5 3 mode_color 4 0 7 mode_color 4 1 11 mode_color 4 2 3 mode_color 4 3 13 mode_color 4 4 10 mode_color 4 5 3 mode_color 5 0 9 mode_color 5 1 11 mode_color 5 2 2 mode_color 5 3 13 mode_color 5 4 10 mode_color 5 5 3 mode_color 6 0 6 mode_color 6 1 10 mode_color 6 2 1 mode_color 6 3 0 mode_color 6 4 0 mode_color 6 5 2 mode_color 6 6 3 mode_color 6 7 6 mode_color 6 8 0 mode_color 6 9 0 mode_color 6 10 0 mode_color 7 0 3 aux 0 0 0 1450 2100 aux 1 1 1 900 1250 aux 2 28 1 1300 2100 aux 3 0 0 900 900 aux 4 0 0 900 900 aux 5 0 0 900 900 aux 6 0 0 900 900 aux 7 0 0 900 900 aux 8 0 0 900 900 aux 9 0 0 900 900 aux 10 0 0 900 900 aux 11 0 0 900 900 aux 12 0 0 900 900 aux 13 0 0 900 900 aux 14 0 0 900 900 aux 15 0 0 900 900 aux 16 0 0 900 900 aux 17 0 0 900 900 aux 18 0 0 900 900 aux 19 0 0 900 900 adjrange 0 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 1 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 2 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 3 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 4 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 5 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 6 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 7 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 8 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 9 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 10 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 11 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 12 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 13 0 0 900 900 0 0 adjrange 14 0 0 900 900 0 0 rxrange 0 1000 2000 rxrange 1 1000 2000 rxrange 2 1000 2000 rxrange 3 1000 2000 vtx 0 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 1 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 2 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 3 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 4 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 5 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 6 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 7 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 8 0 0 0 900 900 vtx 9 0 0 0 900 900 rxfail 0 a rxfail 1 a rxfail 2 a rxfail 3 a rxfail 4 h rxfail 5 h rxfail 6 h rxfail 7 h rxfail 8 h rxfail 9 h rxfail 10 h rxfail 11 h rxfail 12 h rxfail 13 h rxfail 14 h rxfail 15 h rxfail 16 h rxfail 17 h set align_gyro = DEFAULT set gyro_lpf = OFF set gyro_sync_denom = 1 set gyro_lowpass_type = PT1 set gyro_lowpass_hz = 90 set gyro_notch1_hz = 400 set gyro_notch1_cutoff = 300 set gyro_notch2_hz = 200 set gyro_notch2_cutoff = 100 set moron_threshold = 48 set gyro_use_32khz = OFF set align_acc = DEFAULT set acc_hardware = AUTO set acc_lpf_hz = 10 set acc_trim_pitch = 0 set acc_trim_roll = 0 set align_mag = DEFAULT set mag_hardware = NONE set mag_declination = 0 set magzero_x = 0 set magzero_y = 0 set magzero_z = 0 set baro_bustype = I2C set baro_spi_device = 0 set baro_i2c_device = 1 set baro_i2c_address = 0 set baro_hardware = AUTO set baro_tab_size = 21 set baro_noise_lpf = 600 set baro_cf_vel = 985 set baro_cf_alt = 965 set mid_rc = 1500 set min_check = 1050 set max_check = 1900 set rssi_channel = 0 set rssi_scale = 41 set rssi_invert = OFF set rc_interp = AUTO set rc_interp_ch = RP set rc_interp_int = 19 set fpv_mix_degrees = 0 set max_aux_channels = 14 set serialrx_provider = SBUS set sbus_inversion = ON set spektrum_sat_bind = 0 set spektrum_sat_bind_autoreset = ON set airmode_start_throttle = 1350 set rx_min_usec = 885 set rx_max_usec = 2115 set input_filtering_mode = OFF set blackbox_p_ratio = 32 set blackbox_device = SDCARD set blackbox_on_motor_test = OFF set blackbox_record_acc = ON set min_throttle = 1070 set max_throttle = 2000 set min_command = 1000 set dshot_idle_value = 450 set use_unsynced_pwm = OFF set motor_pwm_protocol = ONESHOT125 set motor_pwm_rate = 480 set motor_pwm_inversion = OFF set thr_corr_value = 0 set thr_corr_angle = 800 set failsafe_delay = 4 set failsafe_off_delay = 10 set failsafe_throttle = 1000 set failsafe_kill_switch = OFF set failsafe_throttle_low_delay = 100 set failsafe_procedure = DROP set align_board_roll = 0 set align_board_pitch = 0 set align_board_yaw = 0 set gimbal_mode = NORMAL set bat_capacity = 0 set vbat_max_cell_voltage = 43 set vbat_full_cell_voltage = 41 set vbat_min_cell_voltage = 33 set vbat_warning_cell_voltage = 35 set vbat_hysteresis = 1 set current_meter = VIRTUAL set battery_meter = ADC set vbat_detect_cell_voltage = 30 set use_vbat_alerts = ON set use_cbat_alerts = OFF set cbat_alert_percent = 10 set vbat_cutoff_percent = 100 set vbat_scale = 110 set ibata_scale = 400 set ibata_offset = 0 set ibatv_scale = 0 set ibatv_offset = 0 set beeper_inversion = ON set beeper_od = OFF set beeper_frequency = 0 set beeper_dshot_beacon_tone = 0 set yaw_motors_reversed = OFF set 3d_deadband_low = 1406 set 3d_deadband_high = 1514 set 3d_neutral = 1460 set 3d_deadband_throttle = 50 set servo_center_pulse = 1500 set servo_pwm_rate = 50 set servo_lowpass_hz = 0 set tri_unarmed_servo = ON set channel_forwarding_start = 4 set reboot_character = 82 set serial_update_rate_hz = 100 set accxy_deadband = 40 set accz_deadband = 40 set acc_unarmedcal = ON set imu_dcm_kp = 2500 set imu_dcm_ki = 0 set small_angle = 25 set auto_disarm_delay = 5 set disarm_kill_switch = ON set gyro_cal_on_first_arm = OFF set fixedwing_althold_reversed = OFF set alt_hold_deadband = 40 set alt_hold_fast_change = ON set deadband = 0 set yaw_deadband = 0 set yaw_control_reversed = OFF set pid_process_denom = 4 set tlm_switch = OFF set tlm_inverted = OFF set tlm_halfduplex = ON set frsky_default_lat = 0 set frsky_default_long = 0 set frsky_gps_format = 0 set frsky_unit = IMPERIAL set frsky_vfas_precision = 0 set hott_alarm_int = 5 set pid_in_tlm = OFF set report_cell_voltage = OFF set ledstrip_visual_beeper = OFF set sdcard_dma = OFF set osd_units = METRIC set osd_rssi_alarm = 20 set osd_cap_alarm = 2200 set osd_alt_alarm = 100 set osd_ah_max_pit = 20 set osd_ah_max_rol = 40 set osd_tim1 = 2560 set osd_tim2 = 2561 set osd_vbat_pos = 2092 set osd_rssi_pos = 2088 set osd_tim_1_pos = 2102 set osd_tim_2_pos = 2081 set osd_flymode_pos = 2381 set osd_throttle_pos = 2273 set osd_vtx_channel_pos = 2425 set osd_crosshairs = 2248 set osd_ah_sbar = 2248 set osd_ah_pos = 2248 set osd_current_pos = 2433 set osd_mah_drawn_pos = 2401 set osd_craft_name_pos = 2410 set osd_gps_speed_pos = 2266 set osd_gps_lon_pos = 2130 set osd_gps_lat_pos = 2113 set osd_gps_sats_pos = 2099 set osd_home_dir_pos = 2350 set osd_home_dist_pos = 2351 set osd_compass_bar_pos = 2314 set osd_altitude_pos = 2295 set osd_pid_roll_pos = 2471 set osd_pid_pitch_pos = 2503 set osd_pid_yaw_pos = 2535 set osd_debug_pos = 2049 set osd_power_pos = 2369 set osd_pidrate_profile_pos = 2393 set osd_warnings_pos = 2377 set osd_avg_cell_voltage_pos = 2124 set osd_pit_ang_pos = 2305 set osd_rol_ang_pos = 2337 set osd_battery_usage_pos = 2440 set osd_disarmed_pos = 2186 set osd_nheading_pos = 2359 set osd_nvario_pos = 2327 set osd_esc_tmp_pos = 2130 set osd_esc_rpm_pos = 2131 set osd_stat_max_spd = ON set osd_stat_max_dist = OFF set osd_stat_min_batt = ON set osd_stat_min_rssi = ON set osd_stat_max_curr = ON set osd_stat_used_mah = ON set osd_stat_max_alt = OFF set osd_stat_bbox = ON set osd_stat_endbatt = OFF set osd_stat_bb_no = ON set osd_stat_tim_1 = OFF set osd_stat_tim_2 = ON set task_statistics = ON set debug_mode = NONE set pwr_on_arm_grace = 0 set vtx_halfduplex = ON set displayport_msp_col_adjust = 0 set displayport_msp_row_adjust = 0 set esc_sensor_halfduplex = OFF set led_inversion = 0 set camera_control_mode = HARDWARE_PWM set camera_control_ref_voltage = 330 set camera_control_key_delay = 180 set camera_control_internal_resistance = 470 profile 0 set dterm_lowpass_type = BIQUAD set dterm_lowpass = 100 set dterm_notch_hz = 260 set dterm_notch_cutoff = 160 set vbat_pid_gain = OFF set pid_at_min_throttle = ON set anti_gravity_threshold = 350 set anti_gravity_gain = 1000 set setpoint_relax_ratio = 100 set dterm_setpoint_weight = 0 set acc_limit_yaw = 100 set acc_limit = 0 set crash_dthreshold = 50 set crash_gthreshold = 400 set crash_setpoint_threshold = 350 set crash_time = 500 set crash_delay = 0 set crash_recovery_angle = 10 set crash_recovery_rate = 100 set crash_limit_yaw = 200 set crash_recovery = OFF set iterm_windup = 50 set iterm_limit = 150 set pidsum_limit = 500 set pidsum_limit_yaw = 400 set yaw_lowpass = 0 set p_pitch = 59 set i_pitch = 52 set d_pitch = 31 set p_roll = 42 set i_roll = 41 set d_roll = 28 set p_yaw = 72 set i_yaw = 45 set d_yaw = 20 set p_alt = 50 set i_alt = 0 set d_alt = 0 set p_level = 50 set i_level = 50 set d_level = 75 set p_vel = 55 set i_vel = 55 set d_vel = 75 set level_limit = 55 set horizon_tilt_effect = 75 set horizon_tilt_expert_mode = OFF rateprofile 0 set rc_rate = 100 set rc_rate_yaw = 100 set rc_expo = 0 set rc_expo_yaw = 0 set thr_mid = 50 set thr_expo = 0 set roll_srate = 72 set pitch_srate = 73 set yaw_srate = 72 set tpa_rate = 10 set tpa_breakpoint = 1650
Video demo of the Line of sight flight
Adding an FPV camera
Now if you have observed, there is a spot in the front of the quad for a micro FPV camera system, in my case I am Caddx Beetle micro AIO FPV camera, since this is an AIO(all in one) the setup comes with the VTX attached to the camera, and we just need to provide the camera voltage. Here are the spec of the camera I am using –
- Sensor: 1/4" CMOS,
- Resolution: 800TVL,
- Frequency band: 5.8G
- Transmit power: 25mW (Note: if you have a VTX that uses more than 25mW to transmits, you will need an HAM license- https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/mobility-division/amateur-radio-service)
- Input Voltage: 2.5V-5.5V
Here is a picture, of the video feed from the FPV camera, on a small FPV screen.
Here is a video of the FPV flight, after putting a new PID tune on the quadcopter
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