Computer model of a nanotube and explosive molecule
Chemical engineers from MIT have created a sensor able to detect one molecule of an explosive. Michael Strano and his team have taken carbon-nanotubes and laced them with protein fragments found in bee venom, called bombolitins. The insect’s venom (proteins there of) naturally reacts with the chemicals found in the explosive type based on nitro-aromatic like TNT. Strano explains, “Ion mobility spectrometers are widely deployed because they are inexpensive and very reliable. However, this next generation of nanosensors can improve upon this by having the ultimate detection limit, [detecting] single molecules of explosives at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.” In other words, these nanotube sensors will lead to unprecedented bomb detection. It can also detect when the explosive material starts decomposing in the environment. The efficiency of this sensor has piqued the interest of the military and other commercial industries. Strano has, of course, patented the technology.
Strano has developed several sensors in the past based on carbon-nanotubes, such as nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the nerve gas sarin among other toxins. When molecules bind with the nanotubes, it shifts the fluorescent light spectrum of the tubes making them dim or brighten. Researchers use a microscope specially made to detect the slight shifts in wavelength. This type of sensor is also not affected ambient light, making them more accurate than traditional methods.
Eavesdropper
Pic via MIT