ABSTRACT:
This paper gives the employment of different gas analyzer along with their working principle and their components in detail. And i believe this new technological world is being rooted through different effects to living things and our eternal world. Through the new technological growth of our world, industries started on mass productions and those industries spitting out various gas species which effects our atmosphere and causes health effect. There are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either amplify or diminish the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcings, while others respond more quickly. There are also key threshold factors which when exceeded can produce rapid change globally.
So, what we can do?
We can't avoid certain circumstances and scenarios. Like, Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as global warming. But yes we can able to bring it on control the Urban pollution which is contaminated by the burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the cities the cesspools of pollution. The Industrial Revolution brought an infusion of untreated chemicals and wastes into local streams that served as the water supply. So, the government has set up some noms or levels to be maintained in such a way we could reduce the pollution level from the current position. So, how we will come to know the PPM present in air, %Levels of toxic gasses, etc. We can innovate in the field of sensors based detectors to analyze the toxic & suspicious gas concentration present in the atmosphere. History has shown advancements in materials science and engineering have been important drivers in the development of sensor technology.
GAS ANALYZER is an instrument used to identify the species of chemical gases present in the allowed sample. It's capable of identifying the level (or) quantity of species present, by values or graph. This gas analyzer is extensively useful in the areas like in pharmaceutical laboratories, chemical plants, industrial process reactors, blast furnaces, etc. This paper also discusses the roles of gas analyzer in various applications.
There are different ways to determine it.
Gas chromatographer
Paramagnetic gas analyzer
IR gas analyzer
Orsat apparatus
Thermal conductivity gas analyzer
Electrochemical analyzer
Gravitymetry gas analyzer
Methanometer
With my research, I consider IR gas analyzer to be more efficient and portable above all comparatively.
IR Gas analyzer:
An infrared gas analyzer measures trace gases by determining the absorption of an emitted infrared light source through a certain air sample. Trace gases found in the earth's atmosphere get excited under specific wavelengths found in the infrared range. This concept behind the technology can be understood as testing how much of the light is absorbed by the air. Different molecules in air absorb different frequency of light. Air with lots of a certain gas will absorb more of a certain frequency, allowing the sensor to report a high concentration of the corresponding molecule.
IR Gas analyzer can be of two types:
1. Non-Dispersive IR-Analyzer
2. Dispersive s IR analyzer
(Note: Air with lots of a certain gas will absorb more of a certain frequency, allowing the sensor to report a high concentration of the corresponding molecule.)
Principle
The main components are an infrared source (lamp), a sample chamber or light tube, a wavelength sample chamber, and gas concentration is measured electro-optically by its absorption of a specific wavelength in the infrared (IR). The IR light is directed through the sample chamber towards the detector. In parallel there is another chamber with an enclosed reference gas, typically nitrogen. The detector has an optical filter in front of it that eliminates all light except the wavelength that the selected gas molecules can absorb. Ideally other gas molecules do not absorb light at this wavelength, and do not affect the amount of light reaching the detector to compensate for interfering components. For instance, CO2 and H2O often initiate cross sensitivity in the infrared spectrum. As many measurements in the IR area are cross sensitive to H2O it is difficult to analyze for instance SO2 and NO2 in low concentrations using the infrared light principle. The IR signal from the source is usually chopped or modulated so that thermal background signals can be offset from the desired signal. A non-dispersive infrared sensor (or NDIR) sensor is a simple spectroscopic device often used as gas
detector. It is called non-dispersive because wavelength which passes through the sampling chamber is not pre-filtered instead a filter is used before the detector.
Fig1: Dispersive IR Analyzer
Fig2: Non-Dispersive IR Analyzer
Hoping to continue on this research further implementing nanotubes and PID's technology on manufacturing small portable gas analyzer.
REFERENCES
[1] Kevin Harris , Randy Hauer , Dan Potter “Combustibles measurement in sulfur recovery unit acid gas with a combined nduv/ndir analyzer” Analysis Division Symposium at ISA AD 2008; http://www.isa.org
[2] Matese. A, Gioli, B., Vaccari F. P., Zaldei A., and Miglietta, F. (2009) Carbon Dioxide Emissions of the City Center of Firenze, Italy: Measurement, Evaluation, and Source Partitioning. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology (48), 1940-1948.
[3] Ocheltree, T. and Loescher H “General procedures for CO2 and H2O calibration of Infrared Gas Analyzers (IRGA) and Secondary Gas Standards “ (2010) [Online] Available at: <http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/sop.shtml>
[4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution
[5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Warming_Pollution_Reduction_Act_of_2007
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