Problem definition
At any main road junction, the main problem is that drivers tend to put their need first and avoid thinking about the sanctity of their action when trying to go through a junction. These actions almost every time tend to cause a huge traffic jams where vehicles comes to a stand-still. Thus to solve this problem these selected junctions are fitted with traffic lights that control the way the vehicles enter and exit the junction. This mechanism is electronic and runs on a definite loop set for definite intervals of time no matter what the traffic situation is in that particular junction. This is completely fine and efficient when for example, during office hours in the evening at a four way junction connecting four main roads, as the traffic tends to be equal to all sides. Let’s consider this same junction at an off peak hour, then sometimes even though a particular side of that junction is completely empty the traffic light continues to show a green light to that empty side whereas there are vehicle on the other sides of the junction wasting fuel waiting for the timer to rotate around to their turn. To avoid this during peak and off peak hours policeman are put to control the traffic. But this controlling depends sorely on the officer at that location and this can lead to inefficiency. To eliminate all of the above problems, we have decided to implement an image processing method to determine the traffic and control the flow of traffic at a junction.
Aims and Objectives
- Do a proper study on a selected junction on how the traffic density behaves with a selected time hours
- Build an image processing based computer program to identify the traffic using a CCTV camera
- Design a prototype of the traffic light system
Methodology
The purpose of this project is to design an image processing based intelligent traffic light control system. The main input of the system is the video feed of the traffic by CCTV cameras.4 CCTV cameras are implanted at the centre of the 4 way junction. The best viewing angel of cameras is found by the proper study on project drawings. These cameras 24/7 online and feed the video to the system.
The system consist 4 major parts.
1. Image processing based computer program.
2. Controller program.
3. Electronic controlling system.
The image processing based computer program collect the video feed from CCTV cameras. The computer program is programmed to remove the background of the video and extract only vehicles from the video and count them. This program is programmed using OPEN CV [Computer Vision library]
and C++.Next, the vehicle count which is calculated by the program feed into Controller program. It is programmed by using C++. Main task of the program
is analysing the vehicle count of each lane of the 4 way junction and give them a priority level.Skech of a priority level is attached with this document.
The priority level of the path is expressed in numbers. And t(x) [x=1,2,3,4] is time period between 2 priorities. Priority level of each path and t(x) are calculated using a mathematical formulae considering traffic density of each path, what is the main path, what is the time and the day etc. facts. All calculated time values [t(x)] which are calculated by the software feed into the electronic control system.Electronic system microcontroller controls the all electronic parts including CCTV cameras and traffic light LEDs.
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