This is what you might have in your house. A 200 amp main panel, with a sub-panel for your Basement. 
You will notice the four large breakers in the lower left of the main panel, One of them feeds the sub-panel. But there only separated by a few inches. We will separate them by tens of feet. Also, the panel will not be a standard electrical panel, As I can't mount my controls inside.
We will solve this problem by using industrial control boxes in which
everything is mounted on DIN-Rails. This product is widely used in automation, as has a large eco-system around it. The controls are all certified by the UL and other regulatory bodies as well.
This means that it conforms to the National Electrical Code or NEC/NFPA70, and you should have no problem with permitting rules. This box will be divided into several sections consisting of 115 Volts ac, LED Lighting 12 volts DC, Low Voltage for Sensors, embedded computer, and other goodies.
Circuit Breaker types:
- Normal Circuit Breakers: not found in Wet, Outdoors, Garage, Accessory Buildings, Kitchens Counters, Bathrooms, Unfinished Basements or Bedrooms
- GFCI, GFI Ground Fault Interrupter: found in Wet, Outdoors, Garage, Accessory Buildings, Kitchens Counters, Bathrooms, Unfinished Basements
- Kitchens Counters are required to have a minimum of two 20 amp circuits, not including Fridge, Dishwasher, Garbage Disposer, Built In-Microwave, Vent hoods.
- 2014 NEC 210.8(A) was just updated:
- (6) Kitchens — where the receptacles are installed to serve the countertop surfaces.
- (7) Sinks — where receptacles are installed within 1.8 m (6 ft) of the outside edge of the sink. (even if they are under the sink, behind the refrigerator or on an adjacent kitchen wall but not serving the counter).
- AFCI, ARC-Fault Circuit Interrupter: found in Bedrooms and has been required since 2014. It works by detecting an electric arc in the circuit it protects to prevent electrical fires. An AFCI selectively distinguishes between a harmless arc (incidental to the normal operation of switches, plugs, and brushed motors), and a potentially dangerous arc (that can occur, for example, in a lamp cord which has a broken conductor).
As you see below there are three (3) types of Circuit Interruption. On the left, you will see a GFI receptacle that you might see in your kitchen or bathroom. In the center, you will see a GFI breaker you will find this in your circuit breaker panel. On the right side, there is an AFCI breaker this can be identified by its yellow tag.