Level 3: André-Marie Ampère (20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836)

French physicist Andre-Marie Ampere founded the science of electromagnetism, know at the time as electrodynamics. You will still hear his name mentioned in modern electronics due to the unit for measuring electric current, the Ampere (Amp) being named after him.

Ampère's fame mainly rests on his establishing the relations between electricity and magnetism, and in developing the science of electromagnetism, or, as he called it, electrodynamics. On 11 September 1820 he heard of H. C. Ørsted's discovery that a magnetic needle is acted on by a voltaic current. Only a week later, on 18 September, Ampère presented a paper to the Academy containing a much more complete exposition of that and kindred phenomena. On the same day, Ampère also demonstrated before the Academy that parallel wires carrying currents attract or repel each other, depending on whether currents are in the same (attraction) or in opposite directions (repulsion). This laid the foundation of electrodynamics.

The topic of electromagnetism thus begun, Ampère developed a mathematical theory which not only described the electromagnetic phenomena already observed, but also predicted many new ones.

During 1828, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re