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Arduino Forum Measure square wave frequency
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  • Replies 29 replies
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  • square
  • arduino
  • frequency
Related

Measure square wave frequency

Former Member
Former Member over 11 years ago

Hello,

 

I'm working with the Arduino Due ans I used the following code:

 

// period of pulse accumulation and serial output, milliseconds

#define MainPeriod 100

long previousMillis = 0; // will store last time of the cycle end

volatile unsigned long duration=0; // accumulates pulse width

volatile unsigned int pulsecount=0;

volatile unsigned long previousMicros=0;

 

void setup()

{

  Serial.begin(19200);

  attachInterrupt(6, myinthandler, RISING);

}

 

void loop()

{

  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();

  if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= MainPeriod)

  {

    previousMillis = currentMillis;  

    // need to bufferize to avoid glitches

    unsigned long _duration = duration;

    unsigned long _pulsecount = pulsecount;

    duration = 0; // clear counters

    pulsecount = 0;

    float Freq = 1e6 / float(_duration);

    Freq *= _pulsecount; // calculate F

    // output time and frequency data to RS232

    Serial.print(currentMillis);

    Serial.print(" "); // separator!

    Serial.print(Freq);

    Serial.print(" ");

    Serial.print(_pulsecount);

    Serial.print(" ");

    Serial.println(_duration);

  }

}

 

void myinthandler() // interrupt handler

{

  unsigned long currentMicros = micros();

  duration += currentMicros - previousMicros;

  previousMicros = currentMicros;

  pulsecount++;

}

 

to measure the frequency.

 

I can measure frequencies higher than 1.5kHz accurately, but I can't seem to measure lower frequencies.

 

How can I measure lower frequencies, say 400Hz and above?

 

Thanks.

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Top Replies

  • jw0752
    jw0752 over 11 years ago +1
    Hi Matt, I don't know about this situation but usually sampling over a longer time period will improve accuracy. John
  • D_Hersey
    D_Hersey over 11 years ago in reply to jw0752 +1
    John is right, there I said it! You might be able to get more accurate timing by latching the wdt upon interrupt. Reset the Arduino Due board using the watchdog - Arduino Forum
  • Former Member
    Former Member over 11 years ago in reply to D_Hersey +1
    I tried setting mainPeriod to be longer but it still didn't measure accurately lower frequencies. Regarding the wdt , I don't understand how can it help, can you elaborate? thanks.
Parents
  • D_Hersey
    D_Hersey over 11 years ago

    I'm not really an Arduino guy, though I think they are really cool.  I am most familiar with real real old-school processors like ZAPs and 68HC11s, say.   So, mostly, I can only speak generally.  When you try to time directly with a controller, the problem is, what happens if another thread takes control while we are trying to time something?  Locking out everything else is not always desirable.

     

    It doesn't have to be the WDC, anything stable is fine.  I use msp430 for small stuff nowadays and they usually feature plenty of timers.

     

    Basically, you count a high fq, stable sqr wave with a high-modulus binary-denominated ring counter.  Three 4040s clickin' on the master clock might do it.  There are a few topological choices here, but say your low fq signal strobes a latch attached to the outputs of the ring counter.  Then you read the latch with, say an IIC PIO, and subtract it from the prior value.  That gives you a quantized representation of the period of a half-cycle.  This will free us from worrying about thread collision so much because stuff external to the processor is doing the work, which the processor then merely observes rather than arbitrates.  Higher clock speed yields more precision. 

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  • Robert Peter Oakes
    Robert Peter Oakes over 11 years ago in reply to D_Hersey

    Being an ardiono and with nothing special added there are no threads to worry about but bad code can still cause problems, a few things to new players to watch out for would be statements like "delay(1000)" as this too locks up the system for in this case a whole second

     

    I don't think either of the issues exist in this scenario but very informative nevertheless

     

    The counters you talk of (The 4040's,) I remember them well are pretty much redundant in today's micro-controllers as the same functionality is built into the hardware of the controller, you just have to tap into it

     

    I will put together a sketch at the weekend if this is not resolved by then, or just because I can, sorry, please be patient, I am very busy right now.

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  • Robert Peter Oakes
    Robert Peter Oakes over 11 years ago in reply to D_Hersey

    Being an ardiono and with nothing special added there are no threads to worry about but bad code can still cause problems, a few things to new players to watch out for would be statements like "delay(1000)" as this too locks up the system for in this case a whole second

     

    I don't think either of the issues exist in this scenario but very informative nevertheless

     

    The counters you talk of (The 4040's,) I remember them well are pretty much redundant in today's micro-controllers as the same functionality is built into the hardware of the controller, you just have to tap into it

     

    I will put together a sketch at the weekend if this is not resolved by then, or just because I can, sorry, please be patient, I am very busy right now.

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  • D_Hersey
    D_Hersey over 11 years ago in reply to Robert Peter Oakes

    I was just using the jellybean ring counter as an example.  Cognizant of the fact that one wouldn't really do it that way nowadays, I think the discretes are still good devices to use conceptually, sometimes.

     

    Here is a way the problem was solved in analog:

    http://www.ti.com/lit/an/snoa651/snoa651.pdf

     

    Should you need a way to while away the hours.

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  • Robert Peter Oakes
    Robert Peter Oakes over 11 years ago in reply to D_Hersey

    I agree with you there, you don't get caught up with the software and loose focus on what is really happening. Please keep on with the great tips and feedback. I know it will provide value to many people

     

    Peter

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