I have been following the previous posts from agrahambell and a lot of google searching and reading (PI and BBB stuff is really helpful) I now have a fully working GNOME desktop including browsers, editors, music players etc. Basically the GNOME install is everything including the kitchen sink.. hence the filling of the card.
This is based on agrahambell image linked at the bottom of his 5 post regarding building the base image for the board, you can find that here:The specified item was not found. it is at the bottom of the post. The patch required to expand the file system is attached to this post. This was kindly provided to me by agrahambell
So this is not easy for the none native LINUX person, therefor I decided to document everything I did and post it hear for everyone to see and hopefully add to if necessary.
NOTE THIS CAN TAKE MANY HOURS TO COMPLETE, ESP THE GNOME INSTALL... you have been warned
this is the contents below...
- Mount a USB stick with the patch to allow live resize
- install the patch to allow live file system re-sizing
- Increase the size file system on the SD card from 4GB to 8GB
- Add a bunch of utilities to help with the install and other stuff
- Add a none admin user for doing regular computing
- Scan and configure WIFI if needed
- Now add a bunch of stuff I think may be useful
Mount a USB stick with the patch to allow live resize
Verify card size etc. as you will see there is 3111432 blocks left before we start if you’re using an 8 GB card as it is still seen as a 4 GB
Apt-get update-to get the latest updates.
df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on rootfs 3526688 236108 3111432 8% / /dev/root 3526688 236108 3111432 8% / devtmpfs 507568 0 507568 0% /dev tmpfs 103180 192 102988 1% /run tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock tmpfs 206340 0 206340 0% /run/shm
Dmesg - to find the name of the usb stick, it will most lightly be sda1 or sdb1
[ 3.746858] random: nonblocking pool is initialized [ 3.860914] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 7823296 512-byte logical blocks: (4.00 GB/3.72 GiB) [ 3.921230] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 3.926102] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00 [ 3.981979] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] No Caching mode page found [ 3.987393] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 4.045787] sda: sda1 [ 4.065554] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk1) [ 8.122143] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 8.130089] rtl8192cu: MAC auto ON okay! [ 8.167112] rtl8192cu: Tx queue select: 0x05 [ 8.576005] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 12.107517] fec 2188000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control rx/tx [ 12.115210] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
So ours is sda1.
mkdir /mnt/usb
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb
Install the patch to allow live file system re-sizing
Copy mod to kernel to allow resize of partition from selsinork, I put it only a USB Memory Stick, hence the above
date -s "2014-06-11T21:33”
tar xf /mnt/usb/linux-kernel-imx-3.15.0-rc7-armv7l-73.txz -C /
reboot
cat /proc/version
You should see
Linux version 3.15.0-rc7-imx (root@sl3) (gcc version 4.8.2 (GCC) ) #5 SMP Wed Jun 11 19:54:00 UTC 2014
Increase the size file system on the SD card from 4GB to 8GB
Expanding the SD card from 4 – 8Gb because what we want to install wont fit
Expanding actions are based on this link for the BBB and adapted for the riot board, they are fully detailed in this text so you don’t need to go there if you don’t want to.
http://elinux.org/Beagleboard:Expanding_File_System_Partition_On_A_microSD
We need to run fdisk and select the partition /dev/mmcblk0 as this is our working partition
fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
If you type p you should see this
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 8053 MB, 8053063680 bytes 48 heads, 49 sectors/track, 6687 cylinders, total 15728640 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 2048 7167999 3582976 83 Linux Command (m for help):
As you can see my SD card is 8Gb, the actual value will change between manufacturers etc but you should see similar
WARNING – We are about to delete this partition and re-create it, do not re-boot part way through and yes it is safe, I have already done this once but am re-doing it for the sake of documenting this all
While in fdisk, enter these commands
d -to delete a partition
p -there should be no partitions now shown
n -for new partition
p -for primary
1 -partition id
Select the remaining options as they are presented (Default)
First option is start and should show 2048
Next option is end and may vary depending on the size of your card
You should now be back to the command (m for help): prompt
p- verify we now have a new partition with the new size
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 8053 MB, 8053063680 bytes 17 heads, 32 sectors/track, 28912 cylinders, total 15728640 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 2048 15728639 7863296 83 Linux Command (m for help):
Compare the highlighted text with the previous version above
w <- to save the changes, you will hopefully get this message
The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
reboot
Now we need to actually re-size the file system, if you run df again you will see nothing has yet changed
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p1
This may take a few seconds but at the end you should see
resize2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012) Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk0p1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p1 is now 1965824 blocks long.
Now running df we will see this… Success.
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on rootfs 7742744 350068 7045888 5% / /dev/root 7742744 350068 7045888 5% / devtmpfs 507568 0 507568 0% /dev tmpfs 103180 192 102988 1% /run tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock tmpfs 206340 0 206340 0% /run/shm
We have now re-sized the SD card, now hopefully we can install a GUI desktop etc
Add a bunch of utilities to help with the install and other stuff
So to add to the base install, the following things where selected (This takes a while)
- other installs use this for pretty selection screens
apt-get install dialog
apt-get install vim <- VI text editor
apt-get install sudo <- us none Linux pros seem to like this to run as admin
apt-get install xorg <- x windows core
apt-get install gnome <- the desktop environment including the kitchen sink (2GB)
as the gnome install is so slow (Hours), you can fire up another ssh and continue in that for the user creation below
Add a none admin user for doing regular computing
For normal use we need a user that is not the root
useradd -d /home/username -s /bin/bash -c "Name FamilyName" username
mkdir /home/username && chown username /home/username && passwd username
So for example:
useradd -d /home/peter -s /bin/bash -c "Oakes" peter mkdir /home/peter && chown peter /home/peter && passwd peter
It will prompt for a password at the last command, you will need to enter it twice
You can do this in a separate window (Terminal Session) to the one installing gnome as you will have plenty of time, you can then also try to log in with your new credentials.
Scan and configure WIFI if needed
iwlist wlan0 scan
if the driver for you wifi is working, you should see a list of wifi access points transmitting in range, including their SIDs, if not then you need to get a driver installed, see agrahambell blogs linked in above
edit and setup etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
network={
ssid="wifi_name"
psk="wifi_key"now bind it all up
wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf –Dwext
dhclient wlan0 to get IP address
Now add a bunch of stuff I think may be useful
apt-get install geany <-- Nice programming UI
mosquito if you want to install MQQT Broker for IOT stuff, instructions here:
http://mosquitto.org/2013/01/mosquitto-debian-repository/
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