Hi Everyone.
Here are the newest suggestions. Which of the suggested entries below stand out to you and should be included in the Atlas? Are there any you think we should not include? Given that we're a community of electronic engineers, it's no surprise that a lot of our locations skew toward discoveries in electronics, like Jack Kilby demonstrating the first working integrated circuit. But we also want the Atlas to encompass all kinds of scientific discoveries-- electronic, physical, medical, biological, astronomical, and so on.
Our team is working hard to add your suggestions to the Atlas. So check out this week's suggestions and tell us which ones grab your attention and what you'd like to see added. And if you have any new suggestions, please add them here and we'll be sure to include them in next week's round-up. (Remember, if you include your name, we'll be sure to credit you in that location's pop-up text.)
Here are this week's suggestions:
| Entry | Event | Location |
| 1 | Discovery of Penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming | St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, Paddington, London W2 1NY, United |
| 2 | The laboratory was founded during World War II as a secret, centralized facility to coordinate the scientific research of the Manhattan Project, the Allied project to develop the first nuclear weapons. It continues to operate as one of two laboratories in the United States where classified work toward the design of nuclear weapons is undertaken. | Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA |
| 3 | The discovery of the first T-Rex skeleton | Hell Creek, Montana, USA |
| 4 | Blériot's Cross-Channel Flight Early in the morning of July 25th, 1909, Louis Blériot (1872-1936) crossed the English Channel, a distance of 22 statute miles (36.6 km) from Les Barraques (near Calais) to Dover. (http://blog.nasm.si.edu/archives/bleriots-cross-channel-flight/) | Here are the coordinates of the start point of this aeronautic achieveme |
| 5 | Birthplace of Johannes Kepler | 48.750258, 8.870649 |
| 6 | 1960 founding of modern genetic engineering, discovery of restriction enzymes by Werner Arber at the Biozentrum altered genetic engineering prevail because now DNA fragments could be specifically cut and inserted into other organisms.(source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriktionsenzym; https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Arber) | Biozentrum der Universität Basel Klingelbergstrasse 70 4056 Basel |
| 7 | John Deere invented the first Steel Plow in Grand Detour Illinois | 8334 S. Clinton St. - Grand Detour - Dixon, IL 61021 - USA |
| 8 | The first fossil remains Of the Mosasaur were discovered here in 1764. | n50 49.348 e005 41.206 Maastricht, The Netherlands |
| 9 | First Sustained Powered Flight | Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ |
| 10 | 1879 - Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier The cash register is a device for calculating and recording sales transactions. When a transaction was completed, the first cash registers used a bell that rang and the amount was noted on a large dial on the front of the machine. During each sale, a paper tape was punched with holes so that the merchant could keep track of sales. Known as the "Incorruptible Cashier", the mechanical cash register was invented and patented in 1879 by James Ritty of Dayton, Ohio. John H. Patterson bought Ritty's patent and his cash register company in 1884. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_register#History https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ritty | 39° 45′ 34″ N, 84° 11′ 30″ W Dayton, Ohio, United States of America |
| 11 | 1903 - Invention of the Aeroplane A fixed-wing aircraft, or airplane, is a heavier-than-air craft whose lift is generated by air pressure differential between the upper and lower wing surfaces. The Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright of Dayton, Ohio, made the first powered and sustained airplane flights under control of the pilot in the Wright Flyer I on December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In the two years afterward, they developed their flying machine into the world's first practical fixed-wing aircraft. By October 1905, the Wright Flyer III was capable and proven to circle in the air 30 times in 39 minutes for a total distance of 24.5 miles. The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of "three-axis control", which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This required method has become standard on all fixed-wing aircraft. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on unlocking the secrets of control to conquer "the flying problem," rather than on developing more powerful engines as some other experimenters did. Charles Edward Taylor built the first aircraft engine and was a vital contributor of mechanical aspects in the building and maintaining of early Wright engines and airplanes. Although there were many earlier attempts at heavier-than-air powered flight, some of which achieved successful short hops, and disputed earlier claims of sustained flight, the Wright brothers are officially credited by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, the international record-setting body for aeronautics and astronautics, as achieving "the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight". In addition, U.S. patent number #821393 for the airplane, was filed by Orville Wright on March 23, 1903 and was issued in May 1906. | The Airplane was invented in Dayton, Ohio, United States of America 3 |
| 12 | Invention of Electric Starter - 1911 In 1911, Charles F. Kettering invented and filed for U.S. Patent 1,150,523 for the first useful electric starter, adapted from a cash register motor. The starters were first installed by Cadillac on production models in 1912. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F._Kettering#Cash.2C_Barn_Gang.2C_and_Delco https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delco_Electronics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Andrew_Deeds#Career | Edward Andrew Deed's Barn which is located in what is now Kettering, |
| 13 | The invention of the first telescope. Hans Lippershey was born in Wesel, in western Germany, in 1570. He settled in Middelburg, the capital of the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands, in 1594. During that time he became a master lens grinder and spectacle maker and established a shop. Hans Lippershey is known for the earliest written record of a refracting telescope. Lippershey applied, to the States General of the Netherlands on 2 October 1608, for a patent for his instrument "for seeing things far away as if they were nearby". | Blauwedijk, Middelburg, the Netherlands. N 51 29.744, E 3 36.971 |
| 14 | The discovery of bacteria. Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch cloth merchant, was the first person to see bacteria. During the 1660s he started to grind glass lenses to make better magnifying lenses so he could examine the weave of cloth more easily. He excelled at lens grinding and achieved magnifications up to 500 times lifesize. It is not recorded why he decided to use his best lens to look at a sample of pond water, but he did, and saw that it was teeming with tiny living things. Leeuwenhoek sent a report of his sightings of bacteria and algae to the Royal Society in London in the late 1670s with many detailed drawings. These still exist today and it is obvious that, as well as algae and other single-celled plants and animals, he also saw some of the larger bacteria. | 1676, Delft, Netherlands |
| 15 | On 13 May 1897 radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi made telecommunications history, transmitting a radio signal across open sea for the first time. He chose Lavernock Point in the Vale of Glamorgan as the location for the event. Lavernock Point is a headland situated on the southern coast of the Vale of Glamorgan, overlooking the Bristol Channel with views across to Somerset. A few kilometres away, in the channel, are two islands, Flat Holm and Steep Holm, so-called because of their physical appearance. It was from Lavernock Point to Flat Holm in 1897 that Marconi's historic experiment took place. | Coordinates: 51°24'21.9"N 3°10'10.4"W Lavernock Point Fort Rd, Lavern |
| 16 | The Griffith Observatory opened to the public in 1935 helping to bring science and astronomy to the public. | USA 34.11856°N 118.30037°W |
| 17 | Successful hand transplant surgery performed (prolonged successful outcome) by a team of surgeons including Warren C. Breidenbach and Tsu-Min Tsai. | Jewish Hospital 200 Abraham Flexner Way Louisville, KY 40202 USA |
| 18 | Invention of the Charge Coupled Device (CCD) by Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith | Bell Labs, Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA |
| 19 | The Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank - at one time the world's largest steerable radio telescope, and involved in tracking the first Sputnik, early research into pulsars and discovery of the first gravitational lens, among other achievements! | N53 14.038, W002 18.232 |
| 20 | The first home video game console was developed at Sanders Associates by a team headed by Ralph Baer in 1966. It became the Magnavox Odyssey. Source was wikipidea article on Sanders Associates | 95 Canal Street Nashua, NH 03060 USA |
| 21 | Sir Bernard Lovell, founded the Jodrell Bank Radio Observatory, with the 76m radio telescope dish. | Lower Withington, Macclesfield, SK11 9DL, UK |
| 22 | Development of the Spitz-Holter valve, a “control shunt” to drain fluid, designed and tested for treating hydrocephalus. This device is now used throughout the world. The history of the treatment for hydrocephalus dates back to the Fertile Crescent thousands of years ago. Despite three millennia of management, significant advances in the surgical treatment of the disease have been infrequent. During the 1950s, a milestone occurred at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, with the successful development of the first working shunt valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus. In this historical vignette, based on recent interviews with John Holter, D.Sc. (Hon) and Eugene Spitz. M.D., and on a review of the available literature, the authors narrate the exciting story of the development of the Spitz-Holter valve, which took place in Philadelphia during the early 1950s. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11453388 | Children's Hospital of Philapelphia. 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia |
| 23 | Charles Lindbergh's First Solo Flight | Souther Field, Americus, GA |
| 24 | The First Transcontinental Telephone Call on January 25, 1916 was a 4 way phone call between Washington, DC, New York City, San Francisco, CA and Jekyll Island, GA. http://www.jekyllislandhistory.com/transcontinental.shtml | Jekyll Island, GA |
| 25 | Ibuprofen was discovered | Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham N 52° 57.060 W 001° 08.254 |
| 26 | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a federal research facility in Livermore, California, founded by the University of California in 1952. Over its 60-year history, Lawrence Livermore has made many scientific and technological achievements, including: -Advances in particle accelerator and fusion technology, including magnetic fusion, Free-electron lasers, accelerator mass spectrometry, and inertial confinement fusion. -Breakthroughs in high-performance computing, including the development of novel concepts for massively parallel computing and the design and application of computers that can carry out hundreds of trillions of operations per second. -Development of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) for fabricating next-generation computer chips. -Co-discoverers of new superheavy elements 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, and 118. | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave Livermore, C |
| 27 | The Parkes Observatory The Parkes Observatory (also known informally as "The Dish") is a radio telescope observatory, located 20 kilometres north of the town of Parkes, New South Wales, Australia. It was one of several radio antennas used to receive live, televised images of the Apollo 11 moon landing on 20 July 1969. Its scientific contributions over the decades led the ABC to describe it as "the most successful scientific instrument ever built in Australia"[1] after 40 years of operation. | S 32°59'59.8" E 148°15'44.3" 585 Telescope Road Parkes NSW 2870 |
| 28 | Pumping Dry the former lake "Haarlemmermeer", 1849-1852, a project by engineers Leeghwater, Lynden, and Cruquius | In the Netherlands, just South-West of Amsterdam There is a still worki |
| 29 | Niels Bohr's model of the Atom, and the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics. | Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark N 55° 41.801 E 012° 34.287 |
| 30 | Hans Christian Ørsted discovered there was a link between a current running through a wire and a compass needle. | A building just north west of N 55° 40.820 E 012° 34.265 Copenhagen, |
| 31 | I would like to add ' De Afsluitdijk' | It's one of the biggest enginering monuments we have in The Netherland |
| 32 | Folsom Powerhouse State Historic Park - Before the Folsom powerhouse was built nearly all electric power houses were using direct current (DC) generators powered by steam engines located within a very few miles of where the power was needed. The use of rushing water to generate Hydroelectric power and then shipping it long distances to where it could be used was not initially economically feasible as long as the electricity generated was low voltage direct current. Once it was invented, AC power made it feasible to convert the electrical power to high voltage by using the newly invented transformers and economically ship the power long distances to where it was needed. Lower voltage electrical power, which is much easier and safer to use, could be easily gotten by using transformers to convert the high voltage power to lower voltages near where it was being used. DC power cannot use a transformer to change its voltage. The Folsom Powerhouse, using part of the American River's rushing water to power its turbines connected to newly invented AC generators, generated three phase 60 cycle AC electricity (the same that's used today in the United States) that was boosted by newly invented transformers from 800 volts as generated to 11,000 volts and transmitted to Sacramento over a 22 mi (35 km)-long distribution line, one of the longest electrical distribution lines in the United States at the time. | 38°40′50″N 121°10′32″W Folsom, CA USA |
| 33 | Daniel Benoulli writes Hydrodynamica (1738) laying the basis for fluid dynamics. | Basel University Petersplatz 1, 4003 -Basel - Switzerland |
| 34 | Colossus, the worlds first programmable electronic computer which was used to break war time coded messages, so was kept secret for over thirty years. | Station X at Bletchley Park, England. N051 59.834 W000 44.363 |
| 35 | The railway bridge near Malmsbury, Victoria, Australia was a significant technical accomplishment for its time. This magnificent bridge has five 18.3 metre spans, is about 25 metres high, and carries two railway tracks over the Coliban River at Malmsbury. It is still one of Australia’s finest early bridges. The initial design of the Melbourne – Mount Alexander – Murray River Railway is credited to Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The line was designed with two broad gauge tracks, high speed alignments, cutting through the landscape, and double headed rail. It was opened in October 1862 as part of the fourth stage, between Kyneton and Bendigo, on the historic Melbourne to Bendigo railway line. Construction of the viaduct commenced in 1859 and completed three years later. It was erected by Cornish and Bruce for the Victorian Railways in 1859. The railway viaduct crosses over the Coliban River, which is dammed upstream to provide the headworks for the Bendigo Water Supply. When completed it was the largest masonry bridge built in Australia, exceeding the bridge at Perth, Tasmania (1839, 88m), which no longer exists. Its length was later exceeded by the Coxs River viaduct in New South Wales (1870, 140m) and then by some later brick arch viaducts. As with the other structures on this Line, it is substantially built, with excellent stonework. The bridge has five 18.3m bluestone arch spans, with a total sum of spans of 91.5m and an overall length of 149m; the height from the riverbed to the rails is 22.6m. The bridge carries two 1.6m gauge rail tracks and has five 18.3m bluestone arch spans, with segmental profiles and a rise of 4.6m. The piers and the substantial abutments are also of stone. The bridge is accessible from Ellesmere Place, which is on the south, or left, side of the Calder Highway coming from Melbourne. View the viaduct by either walking through the park to the Lake, or from the southern end of Ellesmere Place. | S 37°11.492' E 144°22.811' Malmsbury, Victoria, Australia |
| 36 | Invention of the Black Box flight recorder. In 1953 David Warren, a Melbourne chemist, joined an Australian team investigating a series of Comet jet airliner crashes. This inspired Warren’s idea to build a machine that could record the voices in the cockpit as well as data from flight instruments. He designed a prototype at the Australian Aeronautical Research Laboratories in Melbourne, using a wire recorder inside a thick asbestos box. Short-sighted management and Australian authorities dismissed Warren’s idea as unnecessary. But others thought it was brilliant. His Black Box recorders were manufactured in the UK and US from 1960. Every commercial plane in the world now carries one. | S37°49.338' E144°54.757' The Australian Aeronautical Research Laborat |
| 37 | 18.9750° N, 72.8258° E | |
| 38 | VA Shiva Ayyadurai is an American scientist of Indian origin, inventor and entrepreneur. As a high school student in 1979, he developed an electronic version of an interoffice mail system, which he called "EMAIL" and copyrighted in 1982. | 18.9750° N, 72.8258° E |
| 39 | Development of Wirephoto | University of Leipzig, Germany N51.338810, E12.378603 |
| 40 | Britain’s first jet plane, the Gloster E28/39 first left the ground on 8 April 1941 at the Gloster factory-airfield between Gloucester and Cheltenham. The Jet Age Museum in Cheltenham celebrates this - and Cheltenham has since had a thriving aeronautics engineering industry. | Jet Age Museum Meteor Business Park, Cheltenham Road East, Glo |
| 41 | Telephone was invented | Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site 559 Chebucto Street, Ba |
| 42 | Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment | 43°43'22.7"N 10°23'47.4"E (Italy) |
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