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Forum 传动系统知识:四轮驱动系统
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传动系统知识:四轮驱动系统

apple_lol
apple_lol over 15 years ago

四轮驱动系统分为两大个类别:主动与被动,但目的不外乎只有一个,就是把动力从空转打滑的轮子移走,然后再重新分配到抓地力较大的轮子上,就好比车轮打滑,我们要用石块木板等东西塞在打滑的轮子下面一样,道理很简单。当两轮(前轮或者后轮)驱动的汽车发生轮胎空转打滑的时候,补救措施只有一个,就是减小引擎的驱动力,而驾驶者只有通过收油才能达到这个目的,或者行车电脑控制油门的收小。而四轮驱动的汽车就不同了,你可以任凭自己的喜好打脚加油,动力会通过电子系统自动分配到各个车轮上,能更加有效的防止车轮打滑的情况发生。

 

  很多人也许会认为四轮驱动的汽车会有更加强的贴地性能,其实他们把贴地性能的概念给混淆了,四轮驱动汽车与两轮驱动汽车的最大差别在于:FF车型会因为轮子的空转而转向不足,偏离了弯道,而FR车型则会甩尾,而四轮驱动则由于各个轮子的动力分配是自动的,就不会存在上面这种问题,这是涉及到汽车的循迹性能的问题,而并非是贴地性能。

 

  相反的,同一款车子的四驱版和两轮版,往往两轮版的加速性能和贴地性能要强于四轮版的,最好的例子就是奥迪的A4,因为四轮驱动的车子在重量和摩擦力方面都比两轮驱动的要大。

 

  被动式的四轮驱动系统,采用的是机械式的分动装置,例如齿轮式的扭力感应差速器--奥迪的Quattro,或者油压式的分动器--保时捷的911 Turbo,该系统是在车轮发生空转以后才介入的。而主动式的四轮驱动系统,是通过由电脑控制的多碟式离合器来介入的,例如大众的4 Motion,电脑会不断收集轮胎的转速与油门的大小等数据,在轮胎发生空转以前就把扭力分配好。

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