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Capacitors are described as electronic components that store and release electrical energy as part of electrical or electronic circuits. They’re typically comprised of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When voltage is applied, an electric field forms across that dielectric, causing positive and negative charges to accumulate on opposite plates, effectively storing that electrical energy.
Their ability to store energy makes them ideal for a myriad of different applications, including filtering and noise reduction, timing circuits, coupling and decoupling, voltage regulating and more. The fact is, capacitors are littered throughout our mobile devices, laptops, vehicles, TVs, and everything electronic. That said, not all capacitors are the same in regards to internal design, which is due in part to their specific application.
Conductive polymer electrolytic capacitors, for example, are noted for their ultra-low equivalent series resistance (ESR), high-frequency stability, and durability. These types are also categorized as SP-Cap (low-profile aluminum polymer capacitors used in power supply circuits), POSCAP (tantalum polymer capacitors that provide increased performance at high frequencies), OS-CON (aluminum polymer capacitors designed to reduce noise), and hybrid versions that combine a polymer and liquid electrolyte for increased reliability. These are ideal for automotive, industrial, and computing applications.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors, on the other hand, take advantage of etched aluminum foils and liquid electrolytes to provide increased capacitance in compact forms. Some variants use a polymer electrolyte to increase ESR and lifespan. Hybrid aluminum electrolytes combine polymer and liquid electrolytes for high voltages and vibration resistance, making them ideal for automotive electronics and power supplies.
Film capacitor types utilize plastic films (PP, PET, PPS, PEN) as dielectric materials and are valued for their high insulation resistance, volumetric efficiency, and low energy loss. These capacitors are offered in different configurations for electronic equipment, including automotive and industrial infrastructure, as well as AC motor operation. For more information on capacitor types, their advantages and applications, visit element 14’s Comprehensive Guide to Capacitors.