making a circuit board for IDE to USB converter

You won't be able to make this on a perfboard, there's simply no way to properly route 20+ signals. The bare minimum you'd need is a 2 layer PCB, but 4 would almost certainly be preferred. This is not a good project to learn at all, you will spend a lot of money and never get it working, or end up frustrated.

Some ICs which have good documentation are the TI TUSB6250 and CY7C68300B. However, they are both obsolete, so obtaining them will be a challenge. Still, you should look at the datasheets, to see what you're up against.

Also, I don't quite understand your power supply setup and serial ports part. You'll need an external 12V power supply to power the drive, and ideally create 5V from that as well, instead of trying to draw 1-2A from USB. 

I will check the documentation. Thank you very much for your reply.

I understand, the technology is obsolete. It is a 3.5 inch hard drive with IDE interface and 4 pin power connector that originally connected to the old motherboard of a PC. I need to now interface the IDE to USB so that I can connect it to a laptop and recover the data. I was trying to figure out if it is possible to trace the short circuit with the existing board of the external hard drive casing I have. 

try this: USB-IDE converter at amazon

https://www.amazon.com/s?k=usb+ide+converter&__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=OOHXRMUCXGZK&sprefix=usb+ide+converter%2Caps%2C221&ref=nb_sb_noss_1

Thank you for the link.

I thought I was the harsh one..  you have now been elected to the team..

but 20+ signals aren't that bad you could use a Vector board with a 22/44 connector on it. I have played with a lot more wire than  that.. I like you buy dont build it suggestion. power is trivial a small PC power supply..  or one 12v wall rat and peel of the 5 with a 3 lead Regulator. Tah Dah. 

enjoy ~~ Cris H.

Thank you for your reply.

Well, if you tried, you probably could do it, but routing 20 signals for a parallel bus at 66MHz on a perfboard is the type of thing you do because you want to challenge yourself, not because you need it to work.

My point was just that this is not the sort of project you want to get started with, to get into electronics. I wouldn't attempt this myself, because it's pure pain and suffering, with zero upsides.

The board I have is a PCB (I know vector board will be too busy when built from scratch and takes lot of effort. I checked the TI data sheet and its a work of art. I didn't intend to work on the micro controller, just put the parts together, if possible).

Attached is the image of the PCB and hard drive. On connecting to power source and pushing switch ON, LED glowed only once and HDD did not spin. I cleaned the extra solder and debris of the PCB with rubbing alcohol and I did the continuity test using multi meter for all PCB components. The LED started glowing and the HDD started to spin.

There is a USB Type A female connector on the PCB. The cable has USB type A male connectors on both sides, one end for the PCB USB connector and the other for laptop USB connector. The HDD does not come up in the list of disk drives on the laptop. Any other tests I can possibly do to identify the problem?