The self-propelled robotic fish can swim around and latch onto the free-floating microplastics, removing waste from the seas and oceans. (Image credit: Sichuan University)
Engineers from Sichuan University's Polymer Science & Engineering School have developed tiny robotic fish that can swim around and latch onto microplastics in the planet's seas and oceans to curb pollution. Microplastics are small plastic particles that have broken off larger pieces, such as water bottles, containers and even synthetic clothing. Not only are they an environmental hazard, but they have also been found in produce and other crops, making them a health hazard.
"It is of great significance to develop a robot to accurately collect and sample detrimental microplastic pollutants from the aquatic environment," states engineer Yuyan Wang. "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of such soft robots." The robotic fish measure 13mm long and use a light laser housed in its tail to swim at nearly 30mm a second, similar to plankton drifting around the oceans. Moreover, the fish can repair itself if it becomes damaged while performing its task.
The engineers designed the fish using nacre, a material similar to mother-of-pearl, which lines the inside of clam shells. This material provides the fish with a flexible, stretchable skin able to pull up to 5kg in weight. That synthetic skin also allows the fish to attract nearby free-floating bits of microplastics as the organic dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metals in the microplastics have strong chemical bonds and electrostatic interactions with that material. After the microplastic has been collected, scientists can then analyze its composition and toxicity to provide in-depth information on the planet's health. The robotic fish is currently in the proof-of-concept stage and is undergoing further development before it undergoes real-world trials.
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