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  • 助听器
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助听器制作方法

启蒙19
启蒙19 over 14 years ago

Source:中电网

 

 

 

本文介绍的助听器电路简单、材料容易获取,适合初学者学习制作时参考,同时也可用于轻度耳聋者临时配戴,建议耳聋患者到专门机构配备适合自己的助听器,以免因小失大!

一、微弱电信号

该信号经电容器C1耦合到VT1的基极进行放大,放大后的信号由其集电极输出,再经C2耦合到VT2进行第二级放大,最后信号由VT3发射极输出,并通过插孔XS送至耳塞机放音。

 

电路中,C4为旁路电容器,其主要作用是旁路掉输出信号中形成噪音的各种谐波成份,以改善耳塞机的音质。C3为滤波电容器,主要用来减小电池G的交流内阻(实际上为整机音频电流提供良好通路),可有效防止电池快报废时电路产生的自激振荡,并使耳塞机发出的声音更加清晰响亮。

 

二、元器件选择

 

VT1、VT2选用9014或3DG8型硅NPN小功率、低噪声三极管,要求电流放大系数β≥100;VT3宜选用3AX31型等锗PNP小功率三极管,要求穿透电流Iceo尽可能小些,β≥30即可。

 

B选用CM-18W型(φ10mm×6.5mm)高灵敏度驻极体话筒,它的灵敏度划分成五个挡,分别用色点表示: 红色为-66dB,小黄为-62dB,大黄为-58dB,兰色为-54dB,白色>-52dB。本制作中应选用白色点产品,以获得较高的灵敏度。B也可用蓝色点、高灵敏度的CRZ2-113F型驻极体话筒来直接代替。

 

image

 

XS选用CKX2-3.5型(φ3.5mm口径)耳塞式耳机常用的两芯插孔,买来后要稍作改制方能使用。改制方法参见图2所示,用镊子夹住插孔的内簧片向下略加弯折,将内、外两簧片由原来的常闭状态改成常开状态就可以了。改制好的插孔,要求插入耳机插头后,内、外两簧片能够可靠接通,拔出插头后又能够可靠分开,以便兼作电源开关使用。耳机采用带有CSX2-3.5型(φ3.5mm)两芯插头的8Ω低阻耳塞机。

 

R1~R5均用RTX-1/8W型碳膜电阻器。C1~C3均用CD11-10V型电解电容器,C4用CT1型瓷介电容器。G用两节5号干电池串联而成,电压3V。

 

image

 

三、制作与使用

 

图3所示是该助听器的印制电路板接线图。印制电路板实际尺寸约为60mm×50mm。此印制板不必腐蚀,只要用小刀将不需要的铜箔割开揭去即可。电池夹可用尺寸约为20mm×8mm的长方形磷铜片4片,弯制成“L”形状,在底脚各打上一个小孔,用铜铆钉直接铆固在电路板上而成。

 

image

 

焊接好的电路板,装入尺寸约为64mm54×mm×18mm的精致塑料或有机玻璃小盒内。盒面板和上侧面,事先分别为话筒B、插孔XS开出受音孔和安装孔。装配好的耳聋助听器外形如图4所示。

 

image

 

本机调试很简单:首先,通过调整电阻器R2的阻值,使VT1集电极电流(直流毫安表串联在R3回路)在1.5mA左右;然后,通过调整R4阻值,使助听器的总静态电流(直流毫安表串联在电池G的供电回路),在10mA左右即可。因各人使用的驻极体话筒B参数有所以不同,有时R1的阻值也需要作适当调整,应调到声音最清晰响亮为止。

 

使用时,一般将助听器置于使用者的上衣口袋内,注意话筒B的受音孔应朝外。戴上耳塞式耳机,并将插头插入助听器的插孔XS内,电路即自动通电工作;拔出插头,助听器即自动断电停止工作。

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