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Forum 首台反激光器在美研制成功 可用于放射医学等领域
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  • cpa
  • 反激光器
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首台反激光器在美研制成功 可用于放射医学等领域

启蒙19
启蒙19 over 14 years ago

来源:科技日报

 

 

  据美国科学促进会网站报道,在人类发明激光器50多年后,耶鲁大学科学家近日研制出世界上首台反激光器(anti-laser)。与激光器发射激光不同,反激光器能通过光束间互相干涉从而完全被消耗掉,达到将光束吸收而不是发射的目的。这一发现将为光学计算和放射学应用领域新技术的发展铺平道路。相关研究成果发表在2月18日出版的《科学》杂志上。
  1960年7月美国科学家梅曼发明了第一台激光器,是指将窄幅频率的光辐射线,通过受激辐射放大和必要的反馈共振,产生准直、单色、相干光束的仪器。目前激光器使用的增益媒介大多是砷化镓半导体,用以产生一束聚焦的相干光束,这种光束有相同的频率和振幅,且运行方向一致。
  耶鲁大学物理学家道格拉斯·斯通和他的研究团队曾于去年夏天发表过关于反激光器的理论文章,认为这种装置可以用硅这种最普通的半导体材料制成。通过与同事曹辉(音译)的实验小组合作,研究团队最终研制出了一台功能性反激光器,并将之命名为相干完全吸收器(coherent perfect absorber,简称CPA)。CPA将两束相同频率的光集中于含有一个硅晶片的谐振腔中,硅晶片作为“损耗媒介”捕捉光波,直到光波在往返振荡过程中被完全吸收并转化成热量。
  研究人员用装有普通硅晶片的CPA演示了吸收近红外线放射物的效果。他们希望通过对谐振腔和损耗媒介的不断完善,CPA能够吸收可见光和一些红外波段,以应用在光纤通讯中。
  斯通教授表示,他相信CPA有一天会应用于下一代计算机——光学计算机的光学开关、探测器及其他部件。另外也可运用于医用放射学领域,利用CPA原理将电磁辐射对准人体组织中很小的某个区域,用来治病或者成像。
  据介绍,CPA理论上可以吸收99.999%的光,但由于实验条件的限制目前只能吸收99.4%。电脑模拟证明,CPA的大小也可以从现在1厘米发展到6微米(相当于人头发粗细的1/20)。

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