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Documents 临床医疗与试验中的知情同意研究
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  • Author Author: sophie0love
  • Date Created: 23 Nov 2010 1:58 PM Date Created
  • Last Updated Last Updated: 9 Nov 2021 4:51 PM
  • Views 339 views
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临床医疗与试验中的知情同意研究

“知情同意”这一概念从提出到现在已有近百年时间,经过长时间的实践得到了长足的发展和完善。知情同意权不仅是作为一项有利于达到医疗目标的措施,而且体现了对受试者人格和个性权力的尊重。随着各项医药卫生法律的出台和规章的制定,医疗机构和医务人员对受试者的知情同意权越来越重视,但绝大多数医务人员对受试者应享有的权力意识非常淡薄,对知情同意权亦有着很大误解,甚至不了解相关的法律法规,认为知情同意只不过是一份具有法律效力的、由当事人签字的书面同意书,以获得对患者或者受试者进行某种医疗干预或研究过程的授权同意,思想上认识不到受试方应享有的权利,更谈不上对受试方享有权利的尊重和维护。 当今,人类健康研究的不断深入和广泛,需要人类受试者参与的研究日益增多,人体受试者研究的发展趋势表明,今后研究所面临的最大困难不是来自于技术方面,而是伦理问题。一是因为未来人体试验涉及人类安危愈来愈尖锐和突出;二是由于随着人权意识的增长,人们自我保护的意识将会越来越强烈。我国的临床研究试验已经进行了几十年,但对于大多数非医学专业的受试者来说,还是一个比较陌生的领域,在试验中往往处于弱势地位。特别是患者受试者,往往可能因为金钱的关系,能得到免费的药物和治疗经不住研究者提供的眼前利益而同意试验。 知情同意原则将会成为临床试验成功与否的前提,并越来越受重视。它不仅仅是一纸文书,更重要的是一个尊重和取得受试者理解后同意的过程,其优劣将直接影响受试者对所参加试验的风险/受益的理解和判断。本文从以下几个方面浅析医疗活动中患者及受试者的知情同意权:(1)知情同意的发展历程及法理依据。由于社会的进步,人们法制意识的提高,尊重患者的人格和权力已成为医疗机构和医务人员的服务理念,医务人员的告知和患者的知情已经成为法律上的共识。(2)临床医疗试验中知情同意的现状分析。受试方对知情同意权利意识的欠缺,医务人员思想上对受试方应享有的权利认识不够,双方对医学知识的不平衡,都是知情同意难以实现的阻力。(3)知情同意的实现构建和谐医患关系。医疗活动中通过知情同意的过程,可以增加医患双方的信任,建立良好的协助医疗关系,是对医疗行为的理解和约束,其原则是尽可能的减少和化解风险,从而减少医疗纠纷。(4)临床医疗试验中如何最大限度的保护研究方和受试方的利益平衡。针对医疗临床试验中的规范操作与保护受试者知情同意权等伦理权利的需要,建立并不断完善伦理委员会是符合现代医疗救助过程与临床试验过程更加人性化的可靠保障。

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