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Documents 有限医疗家长主义及其辩护
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  • Author Author: sophie0love
  • Date Created: 23 Nov 2010 2:02 PM Date Created
  • Last Updated Last Updated: 9 Nov 2021 4:51 PM
  • Views 445 views
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有限医疗家长主义及其辩护

医疗家长主义来源于古希腊的希波克拉底传统。传统的家长式医疗中,医生对待病人像家长对待孩子,从病人的利益出发代替病人做出各种医疗决定,却忽视病人自己的意愿。医疗家长主义的思想带有利他性和强迫性,它充分体现了医学伦理中有利无害原则。家长式医疗在传统医疗中一直占据主导地位,并延续了几千年。随着近代人权运动和自由主义的发展,病人权利运动蓬勃兴起。传统医疗家长主义受到猛烈地批判,病人的自主权得到空前地提高。病人自主权所反映的是尊重自主的原则。尊重自主原则要求在医疗过程中首先要考虑的是病人自主自愿的选择,它十分重视病人的知情同意。随着病人自主权利在医疗过程中的确立,医疗家长主义逐渐式微。 近年来不断出现的医疗纠纷让我们不得不重新反思这种片面强调尊重自主原则的正确性。尊重自主原则也有其局限,完全式的病人自主在医疗实践中根本无法真正地实现。有时即使强调尊重自主原则,最终受损的也可能仍是病人的利益。为了超越尊重自主原则的局限性,有些学者开始转向诉诸医疗家长主义的合理之处,但他们的方案仍然未能很好地解决尊重自主原则与医疗家长主义的矛盾。本文尝试提出一种能在道德上获得辩护的有限医疗家长主义的观点。这种有限医疗家长主义主张,在某些具体的医疗情境下,病人的利益重于病人的权利,有利无害原则优先于尊重自主原则。有限医疗家长主义平衡了尊重自主原则与医疗家长主义,是对传统医疗家长主义的扬弃。

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