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Documents 医疗方法的专利保护研究
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  • Author Author: sophie0love
  • Date Created: 23 Nov 2010 2:09 PM Date Created
  • Last Updated Last Updated: 9 Nov 2021 4:51 PM
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医疗方法的专利保护研究

我国专利法目前将医疗方法排除在专利权保护客体之外,主要原因有两点,一是医疗方法不具有产业利用性,二是医疗方法得到专利保护违反人道主义和社会伦理。然而这两个命题是否成立,本身就存在很多疑问。本文首先从医疗方法专利的基本理论出发,阐明医疗方法的内涵和特征、医疗方法专利的类型。进而结合世界产业发展尤其是生物医疗科技产业的发展趋势和对民众生活的巨大影响,运用比较法介绍世界主要国家的医疗方法专利保护模式和发展变化,分析其存在分歧的主要原因,并阐释立法者对待医疗方法专利保护问题上应当遵循的两个原则:实证调查原则和公平公正原则。在此基础上,通过论证试图解除学术界对医疗方法可专利性的顾虑,并从促进医疗技术公开和刺激创新,推动中医技术的传承和发展,彰显法律的公平正义,理顺审查指南的审查逻辑四个方面阐述了医疗方法得到专利保护的必要性。 专利制度是把双刃剑,在任何技术领域均有被滥用的可能性,医疗方法领域也不例外。为了规制专利制度被滥用的风险,必须对其保护进行合理限制,从而在专利权人利益和社会公共利益之间寻求一个平衡点。为此,本文在第四章立法建议部分重点论述医疗方法专利保护强制许可制度和侵权豁免制度,具体思路如下: 首先,删去专利法第二十五条第一款第(三)项规定,使医疗方法成为专利权保护客体; 其次,设计医疗方法专利强制许可制度,可充分挖掘现有专利强制许可制度的潜力,结合国家知识产权局《专利实施强制许可办法》、《涉及公共健康问题的专利实施强制许可办法》的内容,针对医疗方法特点,先由国家知识产权局做出部门规定,待实践丰富和成熟后,再由高位阶的成文法做出系统规定,完善强制许可制度,充分发挥其作用;对侵权豁免制度,可以将其归属于我国专利法第63条情形的延伸,对侵权豁免情形的具体判定规则也有待在实践基础上不断完善。

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