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Documents 医疗专家过失研究
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  • Author Author: sophie0love
  • Date Created: 23 Nov 2010 2:37 PM Date Created
  • Last Updated Last Updated: 9 Nov 2021 4:52 PM
  • Views 618 views
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医疗专家过失研究

医疗专家过失是指医疗专家在医疗活动及相关辅助活动中,违反应尽的义务造成患者损害的应受非难的心理状态。医疗专家过失具有三方面的特点:主体是医疗专家;发生在医疗及相关行为的过程中;判断标准具有客观性。按行为方式,医疗专家过失可分为作为过失和不作为过失。医疗专家过失的本质是对医疗专家义务的违反,医疗专家承担的义务主要是注意义务和忠实义务,据此,医疗专家过失又可分为违反注意义务的过失和违反忠实义务的过失。医疗专家的注意义务是指医疗专家应该具备通常的执业技能,并在执业过程中要以谨慎、注意的态度处理事务,在医疗专家负有的义务中比重较大;医疗专家的忠实义务要求医疗专家在从事医疗行为时诚实守信,应为患者的最大利益实施行为。医疗专家过失的判定依据有抽象标准和具体依据。判断违反注意义务过失的抽象标准包括医疗水准和辅助标准,在确定医疗水准时要考虑科学发展、患者期待权、创新者专家和新手专家等相关因素,辅助标准包括专门性、地域性、紧急性、自由裁量权、最佳判断法则、专家的级别差异。判断违反忠实义务的抽象标准是是否为患者的最大利益而实施行为,需要根据不同类型的忠实义务具体确定。判断医疗专家过失的具体依据主要指法律法规的规定、诊疗护理规范和技术操作规程、医疗机构内部的规章制度、行业惯例、医学文献以及当事人的特殊约定。在考察医疗专家是否存在过失时,要将具体依据和抽象标准结合运用。此外,汉德公式也可以作为违反注意义务过失判断的辅助手段。违反注意义务的过失在不同的医疗环节有不同的形态,具体可分为诊断中的过失,治疗中的过失,手术中的过失,注射中的过失,抽血、输血中的过失,放射线治疗中的过失,用药、调剂中的过失,违反制作、保存病历义务的过失以及护理中的过失等。忠实义务主要包括告知义务、转医义务、保密义务、裁量权的适当行使四种类型。此外,强制诊疗义务也可归入医疗专家的忠实义务。与此相应,违反忠实义务的过失也可以分为五类。

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