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Documents 医疗专家忠实义务研究
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  • Author Author: sophie0love
  • Date Created: 23 Nov 2010 2:55 PM Date Created
  • Last Updated Last Updated: 9 Nov 2021 4:52 PM
  • Views 299 views
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医疗专家忠实义务研究

医疗专家的忠实义务,是指基于委托人的高度信赖产生的,医疗专家所负的应为委托人的最大利益而实施行为,不得同时追求本人或第三人利益的义务。医疗专家的忠实义务与注意义务在内容上存在重合和交叉,但在义务的确定标准、类型、违反义务的责任构成和法律后果上有着明显的区别。医疗专家忠实义务与医疗专家对医疗机构的忠实义务不是同一概念,二者存在本质的区别。医疗专家的忠实义务有着深厚的理论基础和广泛的产生依据。 医疗专家负担忠实义务的基本前提是其与委托人之间的“特殊的信赖关系”,医学道德伦理不能直接被认定为医疗专家忠实义务的内容。医疗专家的忠实义务具体包括三大主要内容:利益相反行为之禁止义务、不诚实型行为之禁止义务和重要信息之公开、说明义务,其中不诚实型行为又可细分为期待的违反和裁量权的不适当行使两大类型。 医疗专家违反忠实义务构成违约责任和侵权责任的竞合,委托人对此享有选择权。但两种责任在构成要件上基本一致,并无本质区别。医疗专家违反忠实义务即意味着执业过错的存在。医疗损害事实中的人身损害在认定上具有复杂性,患者机会的丧失在合理限度内也应认定为一种侵权法上的损害事实。医师违反忠实义务引发的对第三人的责任主要集中于医师未尽重要信息的公开、说明义务时。医疗专家违反忠实义务的抗辩事由同一般的侵权责任抗辩差别不大,但在认定上更具专业性和复杂性,其中,对患者的同意、免责条款等抗辩事由需特别关注。 目前我国关于专家责任和医疗专家忠实义务的立法规定还比较零碎和很不成熟,笔者认为我国未来立法应从民事基本法、医疗特别法和单行法三个层次构建医疗专家忠实义务的法律制度。

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