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Forum 工业机器人由来
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工业机器人由来

YYD
YYD over 14 years ago

1920年捷克作家卡雷尔·查培克在其剧本《罗萨姆的万能机器人》中最早使用机器人一词,剧中机器人“Robot”这个词的本意是苦力,即剧作家笔下的一个具有人的外表,特征和功能的机器,是一种人造的劳力。它是最早的工业机器人设想。

  20世纪40年代中后期,机器人的研究与发明得到了更多人的关心与关注。50年代以后,美国橡树岭国家实验室开始研究能搬运核原料的遥控操纵机械手,如图0.2所示,这是一种主从型控制系统,主机械手的运动。系统中加入力反馈,可使操作者获知施加力的大小,主从机械手之间有防护墙隔开,操作者可通过观察窗或闭路电视对从机械手操作机进行有效的监视,主从机械手系统的出现为机器人的产生为近代机器人的设计与制造作了铺垫。

  1954年美国戴沃尔最早提出了工业机器人的概念,并申请了专利。该专利的要点是借助伺服技术控制机器人的关节,利用人手对机器人进行动作示教,机器人能实现动作的记录和再现。这就是所谓的示教再现机器人。现有的机器人差不多都采用这种控制方式。1959年第一台工业机器人在美国诞生,开创了机器人发展的新纪元。

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