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Forum 重工业的发展方向
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重工业的发展方向

YYD
YYD over 14 years ago

从轻工业到重工业是工业化进程的一般性规律。而工业化的完成则以工业重型化为标志。一个国家进入到重工业化阶段,既是生产要素积累的结果,也是需求扩张的内在要求。市场经济的运行表明,同以轻工业为主的早期工业化相比较,重工业化在培育和创造内需方面有着特殊的优势:首先,重工业产品大多与较高层次社会需求的满足相关,能够促使内需规模不断地扩张。产业结构是随着需求结构的变动而变化的。当人均收入水平提高到一定水平后,社会消费需求的增长主要来源于加工程度高的商品如耐用消费品等,社会消费需求与重工业的联系日益密切。重工业产品既能为轻工业的结构升级创造条件,本身也能创造市场上的消费需求。

  其次,重工业本身的产业关联十分广泛,其发展对内需总量增大的拉动效应是持续性的。相对于轻工业而言,重工业的产业关联链明显要长得多。一方面,重工业的发展能为许多产业的发展提供投入品,另一方面,重工业的消耗大,能为本国其他产业创造出巨大的市场需求。

  最后,重工业对提高国际竞争力非常有利,从而能更好地利用国际市场来扩大国内的需求。一个国家的重工业发展水平,决定其在国际分工体系中的地位,直接制约其出口贸易和海外投资的竞争力。而国际竞争力的模式不同,不仅影响一国利用外部市场和外部资源的能力,还直接影响到一国在开展国际经济交流时对内部需求的拉动效应。以重工业为基础形成的国际竞争力在这两个方面都有明显的优越性。

  从社会消费的角度来看,国内生产的轻工业消费品等明显过剩,而以重工业为基础的消费需求,比如家用轿车等则还刚处于起步的阶段上。从投资需求的角度来看,众多的轻工业部门显然已经处于饱和状态,只有启动大型的重工业项目投资,才能对投资总需求起到有效的刺激作用。迅速增长的机电产品出口仍是偏向于劳动密集度高产品,也可能会较快地出现市场饱和的局面。中国的经济发展要突破有效需求不足的瓶颈,加快重工业化的步伐势在必行。

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