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How to detect vehicle sound at 100 m distance using microphone and Arduino?

abhishekks

Hello everyone,

I am working on a project where I need to detect the sound of vehicles (cars, heavy trucks) from a distance of around 100 m. The microphone will be placed in an open area on land, and the goal is to identify when a vehicle is approaching.

Currently, I am evaluating microphones like AOM-5024L-HD-R and CMA-4544PF-W, connected to a MAX9814 preamplifier module, with the output fed into an Arduino Uno ADC.

My questions are:

  1. What type of microphone is most suitable for long-distance vehicle detection (100 m)?
  2. How can I calculate whether the microphone output voltage will be sufficient for reliable detection at that distance?
  3. Should I use additional filters (e.g., low-pass or band-pass) to separate vehicle sound from background noise (wind, people, etc.)?
  4. Would I need a higher-gain preamplifier or a different approach (like a geophone or array microphone) for better detection?

Any advice, references, or design suggestions will be very helpful.

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  • 0 in reply to abhishekks

    Any vehicle? So the former "clap switch" for cars?

    Some time ago, I had to computationally compensate a continuous strain gauge load cell in the ton range
    against interference from approaching/passing trucks and forklifts. One should certainly consider a geophone or array microphone or MEMS microphone with digital signal processing
    in one (at least two microphones (differential sound)).
    In my case, it was a supplementary accelerometer (deep earth vibrations, Sub 5Hz) on the subframe
    that enabled precise detection of interfering trucks.
    Although the questions above exclusively concern signal conditioning, I would first use standard measurement equipment to understand the physics and acoustic facts, and then consider amplifying, targeted filtering.

    I would have thought that vehicle-specific characteristic audio patterns would be discussed here first, Short-Time Discrete Fourier Transform (STDFT), and FFT, and object approaching speed determination using the Doppler effect?

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