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Forum 无线通信距离的计算
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  • 发射
  • 通信距离
  • 接收
Related

无线通信距离的计算

铁丝19
铁丝19 over 14 years ago

来源:维库电子市场

 

 

这里给出自由空间传播时的无线通信距离的计算方法:所谓自由空间传播系指天线周围为无限大真空时的电波传播,它是理想传播条件。电波在自由空间传播时,其能量既不会被障碍物所吸收,也不会产生反射或散射。

  通信距离与发射功率、接收灵敏度和工作频率有关。

[Lfs](dB)=32.44+20lgd(km)+20lgf(MHz)
 

式中Lfs为传输损耗,d为传输距离,频率的单位以MHz计算。
 

由上式可见,自由空间中电波传播损耗(亦称衰减)只与工作频率f和传播距离d有关,当f或d增大一倍时,[Lfs]将分别增加6dB.
     

下面举例说明一个工作频率为433.92MHz,发射功率为+10dBm(10mW),接收灵敏度为-105dBm的系统在自由空间的传播距离:
 

1. 由发射功率+10dBm,接收灵敏度为-105dBm
    Los = 115dB

2. 由Los、f
    计算得出d =30公里

这是理想状况下的传输距离,实际的应用中是会低于该值,这是因为无线通信要受到各种外界因素的影响,如大气、阻挡物、多径等造成的损耗,将上述损耗的参考值计入上式中,即可计算出近似通信距离。

假定大气、遮挡等造成的损耗为25dB,可以计算得出通信距离为:
    d =1.7公里
 

结论: 无线传输损耗每增加6dB, 传送距离减小一倍

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