Climate Change Monitoring System and Soil Contours to Increase Agricultural Efficiency - #3 Hardware Assembly

Hello guys, on this occasion I will share my experience of the process of making hardware for the Climate Change Monitoring System and Soil Contours to Increase Agricultural Efficiency.

First of all, I will explain in the form of a block diagram, to find out the Input, Process, and Output of the innovation that is being created.

First Node (Sender)

The image above is a block diagram of the first node circuit, the input from the first node consists of 5 sensors, namely, fire sensor, DHT20, Hall sensor, IR temperature sensor, and accelerometer. Data from the sensor is processed using a Xiao SAMD21 microcontroller, the data output is sent via the LoRa network and displayed on a 20x4 LCD, for warning indicators there is a buzzer that will light up when an emergency occurs (Fire/Landslide). The main power source for the First Node series is a solar panel with a timer system for energy-saving management.

Second Node (Receiver)

The second node series consists of Lora as data input from the first node, the data results are processed using Wemos D1, and the output is data sent via the WiFi network to Firebase and displayed on the Oled LCD. The resource of the second node is a battery that can be recharged.

The second is the process of creating a circuit schematic.

The following is a schematic of the first set of nodes (Sender):

At the first node, I added filtering in the form of a capacitor to minimize noise from sensor readings, create stable LoRa data transmission with resistor 4k7Ohm, and reduce reverse current from the induction motor (servo). In addition to the filter circuit, I added a reset button in case of emergency if the circuit has an error.

The following is a schematic of the second node circuit (Receiver):

The same goes for the second node I added filtering in the form of a resistor to make Stable LoRa data delivery. Apart from the filter circuit, I added a reset button in case of an emergency if the circuit has an error and an indicator in the form of an LED to indicate the status of the device having an error or working well. If there is an error then the red light will come on and if not then the green light will come on.

Third is the PCB layout process

I used the EasyEDA app to make the schematic and PCB layout. Here's the PCB layout for the first node, with dimensions 8.5 centimeters by 5.7 centimeters.

 The following is the printed circuit board (PCB) layout for the second node, with dimensions 7.4 centimeters by 5 centimeters.

List of components used in Climate Change Monitoring System and Soil Contours to Increase Agricultural Efficiency :

Bills Of Materials:

• Seeed Xiao SAMD21
• Grov Flame Sensor
• Grove DHT20
• Grove Infrared Temperature Sensor
• Grove Accelerometer
• Grove Hall Sensor
• 2x Lora 915Mhz (E32)
• LCD Oled 128x64
• LCD 20x4
• 2 Buzzers
• 4x LED
• Solar Panel
• MPPT Module 5A
• 18650 Battery UPS
• Relay Timmer
• Cable
• 2x Antenna

Fourth is the hardware assembly process

The following is a video of the PCB assembly process from the first and second nodes.

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Lastly is the process of simulating and testing the assembled hardware.

The following are the results of LoRa communication simulations with data in the form of sensor readings.

Let's see what happens when the first node sends some data!

Simulation of the Second Node as a data recipient.

In my next blog post, I'll be explaining the software system of Climate Change Monitoring System and Soil Contours to Increase Agricultural Efficiency. I'll be going through each line of code, so stay tuned! Thanks for reading!