In this blog, I will explain the basics and setup, the demo will be in other blog.
This blog is divided into three sections -air purifier, oximeter and the pressure sensor which can be also used for respiratory diagnostics and air movement control.
Long working in such environments without knowledge that it will affect the intake of pure oxygen will cause health problems and the oxygen saturation level in blood need to be known, for this I want to design oximeter and the polluted air can be purified by air purifier.
1. Air Purifier
The AIR PURIFIER which at this stage in construction has bugs, don't know will get fully rectified in 2 days or not.
Plan : Purify and clean the recycling environment using scrap fans and motors as Four Axis Air Purifier with Sliding Mode.
You can say
What a Small Fan can do,
but these are intelligently regulated and do not work at known simple ON/OFF concep ( for its proper success, I need 4-6 months).
Also, due to budget constraint, I wont use filters but the filters can be HEPA Filter,Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation,Activated carbon,Photocatalytic oxidation,Ionizer purifiers,Immobilized cell technology,Ozone generators,Titanium dioxide. Moreover, the motors are of lower ratings but for final prototype(which need paid fees), the motors would be replaced with higher rating.
The readings will be displayed on LCD and also will be transferred to Android applet and over AWS IoT cloud.
Typically, the Sliding Mode Control (SMO) is used for 3-phase motors, but I will implement it with PID ( proportional integral derivative ) for all the four motors. The Clarke transformation or Park transformations etc. are not used in this experiment as these transformations cannot be applied here , and so the SMO control which I will implement will be novel or unique.
I will use 1 scrap DC motor, 1 scrap servo motor and two scrap computer fans based on BLDC motors. Four LEDs, one for each motor are running at multi-frequencies. The vibration of DC motor is also measured using ADXL335 and displayed on LCD. The DC motor is a 2 wire motor which gets its PWM signal from Microchip SAM E51 Curosity Nano. The buzzer will beep
The other three BLDC fans are of
- 2-wire
- 3-wire
- 4-wire
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I have modified these scrap items along with scrap buzzer, 4 buttons, and a temperature sensor.
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As I will show in the Android applet, the owner and/or the senior management can remotely check the air quality index, and will perceive these 4 motors as four engines, which they can remotely turn ON/OFF using either Androd app or AWS IoT Console.
II. Oximeter
Oximeter 2 Click would be used to measure blood oxygen saturation. As the processing will involve melting, fumes, toxic fumes, poisonous gases, smoke, pollution, the amount of oxygen inhaled in such environments and the resulting blood oxygen level in these recycling environments is needed.
Reason for using the word 'Oximeter Click' instead Oximeter 2 click - Mikroe manufactures and sells four types of Oximeter click boards, my design ccan be used for any of the Mikroe Click boards :
- Oximeter Click
- Oximeter 2 Click
- Oximeter 3 Click
- Oximeter 5 Click
I have chosen 'Oximeter 2 Click'
Due to time constraint, this blog would consist of complete set up of the project, that is ECG, oximeter, respiratory, LEDs, keypad, buzzer, LCDs, accelerometer, Infineon AWS IoT Dongle, air purifier etc.
1. Mikroe Oximeter 2 Click board
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1.1 Schematic and main components
The ADP160 is a CMOS linear regulator with low dropout voltage of 195 m, PSRR of 72 dB and quiescent current of 42 μA at full load. As can be seen in the above figure, circuit consists of reference, an error amplifier, a feedback voltage divider, and a PMOS pass transistor.
1.2 Video
2. PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) Sensor
The Oximeter 2 Click has PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) Sensor. This small module has integrated optical components
- 660 nm LED,
- 880 nm IR LED, and
- photodiode
This PPG is the photometric front end which detects blood oxygenation (SpO2) by synchronous detection in red and infrared wavelengths. It gives optical isolation between integrated LED emitters and photodiodes to improve through tissue, signal-to-noise ratio. The module has 4-channel analog front end (AFE), a 14-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a 20-bit burst accumulator, programmable TIA, a band-pass filter and an integrator.
The red and IR emitters are assigned to different time slots, where each time slot can contain 1 to 255 pulses.
ADC samples = Total Energy - Ambient light
Sample Timing = Pulse Offset + (Pulse Count × Pulse Period) + Processing Time
LED Timing Configuration
- SLOTA_LEDMODE, 0x30 configured to 0x0319
- SLOTB_LEDMODE, 0x35 configured to 0x0319
AFE Timing Configuration
- SLOTA_AFEMODE, 0x39 configured to 0x21F3
- SLOTB_AFEMODE, 0x3B configured to 0x21F3
∴
- Time Slot A (tA) = 25 μs + 8 × 19 μs + 68 μs = 245 μs
- Time Slot B (tB) = 25 μs + 8 × 19 μs + 20 μs = 197 μs
- Maximum Sampling Frequency, fSAMPLE,MAX=1tA+t1+tB+t2+tSLEEP,MIN.
- Clock Error = 32 MHz × (1 − CLK_RATIO/2000)
- CLK32M_ADJUST = Clock Error/109 kHz
∴ CVLED=3×10−6×0.1504.0−(3.5+0.2)=1.5 μF.- ILED,AVERAGE=tLEDPULSEtLEDPERIOD×ILEDPEAK.
Stae Machine Flowchart
Below is the flowchart which shows the state machine operating sequence - standby, program, sample.
3. Circuit Diagram & Set Up
I have connected this Oximeter 2 Click on mikroBUS Click socket No. 3 and LCD Mini Click on mikroBUS Click socket No. 2, of the Curiosity Nano Base evaluation kit.
This communicates with SAM E51 Curiosity Nano Evaluation Kit over I2C.
I have chosen clock frequency of 114.064 kHz with speed of 100 kHz, and trise time of 100 nanoseconds, and a hardware interrupt is also configured.
I will display the data over
- LCD MiniClick which is connected as SPI Slave
- Serial GTKTerm
- AWS IoT Console
- Android Applet
LCD MiniClick Pin out
Figure : Setup of Oximeter hardware
In the above figure, six arrows can be seen and they are all part of this Oximeter Demos; these do not include PC/laptop screen, AWS console and android applet.
III. Respiratory Diagnostics and Air Movement Control
For respiratory diagnostics and air movement control, I will use pressure sensor - MPX2010DP which is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.
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I will display the data over
- LCD MiniClick which is connected as SPI Slave
- Serial GTKTerm
- AWS IoT Console
- Android Applet
Ongoing R&D work
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Related Research Work(Undergoing)
- Novel ß-Unified (Non Linear)Theory/Postulates/Propositions
- Novel ß-Bio Unified Theory, Novel ß-Bio-Equations, ß-Bio Propositions and ß- Bio Models
- Investigating Capillary-Alveoli Infectious or Damaged Lungs using Novel ß-Bio Model of Respiratory System
- Investigating Capillary-Alveoli Infectious or Damaged Lungs in Females using Novel ß-Bio Model of Respiratory System
- Simulation of Novel ß-Portable Non-Invasive Respirators for Irregular Breathing Disorders
