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Blog 555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor
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  • Author Author: AE7HD
  • Date Created: 18 Oct 2022 2:35 PM Date Created
  • Views 6255 views
  • Likes 7 likes
  • Comments 34 comments
  • remote sensor
  • capacitance sensor
  • liquid level
  • ne555
  • tlc555
  • 555timermadnessch
  • 555 timers
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555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor

AE7HD
AE7HD
18 Oct 2022
If you want to measure capacitance for a sensor some distance away, you can't do it at the end of long wires. Just temperature changes and nearby objects will make larger changes that can swamp what you are trying to measure.

This was originally for my first car in the late '70s. I put sensors on the windshield washer tank, the radiator hose, even inside the gas tank. I had already designed and built my own precision capacitance meter using two 555 timers. This triggered each sensor separately, then sorted which one was active with a decade counter and an LM3914 linear dot/display driver.
Two wire twisted pair is a lot cheaper than 3 wire. And when you aren't flush with cash, that can make a difference. This one is designed to send the signal back to an Arduino, which is then programmed to measure just the On time.

I've used this to measure liquid levels in water tanks, on roofs, even inkjet tanks. The sensor itself might be metal tape on the outside of a plastic or glass tank, or insulated wire in the liquid. Make sure the insulation is compatible with the liquid.

One 555 timer goes onto the remote sensor. The signal and power travel on the same line similar to how I2C and several other methods work, although in this case there are no addresses.
image
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Top Comments

  • dougw
    dougw over 3 years ago +1
    Good idea to put the circuit close to the "capacitor".
  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj +1
    https://hackaday.io/project/183506-remote-continuous-liquid-level-sensor-555-timer D1 is there to make the output of the 555 act as if it were an open collector output. Yes, it will use the 100pF…
  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD +1
    Thanks for the reply Sir. I agree that T-ON would be proportional to capacitance. T-OFF is needed to make Arduino detect falling pulseIn method where we can take T-ON time. Now I read it again and…
  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    What happens if you wave your hands around near the wiring? What is your workbench made of? Do you have a scope so you can observe the Vcc line at the 555 and the pulse timing?

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  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD

    For testing purpose I used Ceramic capacitor. You can see that in the image above. Thats between 100uF and the Diode I'll reprogram with better logic and test out once. BTW for getting t_on value I am using just "pulseIn(SIGNAL_PIN,HIGH)" which is returning 1090.28uSec instead of 693.693uSec

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    What kind of capacitor? This may be a progressive error caused by the software.

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  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD

    image

    This is my circuit. Do you think stray Capacitance may be influencing? I added another 100pF in parallel and got the capacitance as 279pF instead of 200pF. So its increasing exponentially as more capacitance is added.

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    Most likely stray capacitance. If you are using one of those white plug-in breadboards, they can have up to 15pF between strips and each strip is next to two other strips. Plus the longer the wires, the more stray capacitance there is.

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