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Blog 555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor
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Engagement
  • Author Author: AE7HD
  • Date Created: 18 Oct 2022 2:35 PM Date Created
  • Views 6256 views
  • Likes 7 likes
  • Comments 34 comments
  • remote sensor
  • capacitance sensor
  • liquid level
  • ne555
  • tlc555
  • 555timermadnessch
  • 555 timers
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555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor

AE7HD
AE7HD
18 Oct 2022
If you want to measure capacitance for a sensor some distance away, you can't do it at the end of long wires. Just temperature changes and nearby objects will make larger changes that can swamp what you are trying to measure.

This was originally for my first car in the late '70s. I put sensors on the windshield washer tank, the radiator hose, even inside the gas tank. I had already designed and built my own precision capacitance meter using two 555 timers. This triggered each sensor separately, then sorted which one was active with a decade counter and an LM3914 linear dot/display driver.
Two wire twisted pair is a lot cheaper than 3 wire. And when you aren't flush with cash, that can make a difference. This one is designed to send the signal back to an Arduino, which is then programmed to measure just the On time.

I've used this to measure liquid levels in water tanks, on roofs, even inkjet tanks. The sensor itself might be metal tape on the outside of a plastic or glass tank, or insulated wire in the liquid. Make sure the insulation is compatible with the liquid.

One 555 timer goes onto the remote sensor. The signal and power travel on the same line similar to how I2C and several other methods work, although in this case there are no addresses.
image
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Top Comments

  • dougw
    dougw over 3 years ago +1
    Good idea to put the circuit close to the "capacitor".
  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj +1
    https://hackaday.io/project/183506-remote-continuous-liquid-level-sensor-555-timer D1 is there to make the output of the 555 act as if it were an open collector output. Yes, it will use the 100pF…
  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD +1
    Thanks for the reply Sir. I agree that T-ON would be proportional to capacitance. T-OFF is needed to make Arduino detect falling pulseIn method where we can take T-ON time. Now I read it again and…
  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD

    Not at all sir. Your design is superb. Even in dreams I could not think of a design where pulse and supply can be sent on a same wire. I am just a small dust when compared with your experience.

    Sir, I rigged up the circuit and tested with Arduino. With C1=100pF, R1=10M and R2=10K as in your circuit. I am taking average of 25 values of t_on to calculate the capacitance.

    Avg T_On  : 1090.28 (This should have been 693.693 uSec)
    Avg T_Off : 1.28 (Used only for display)

    Frequency : 1.44 kHz

    So Arduino is displaying capacitance as 157.013 pF (i.e Freq * t_on). Not getting to know why t_on is coming wrongly. Any thoughts will surely help me sir.

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    Corrected. Thank you again.

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago

    image

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    OMG! I'm an idiot! I wrote them down wrong, you are absolutely correct! Thank you for noticing and thank you for being stubborn enough to get past my stubbornness.

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  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD

    No Sir, I am not proposing to change anything w.r.t T-ON or T-Off timing.

    I was just telling that in circuit schematic, R1 is shown as 10K and R2 as 10M. It must be R1 = 10M and R2 = 10K to get the 1000:1 ratio.

    between T-OFF and T-ON.

    In other words, Resistor(R1) between (+ve) Supply to Pin 7, must be 10M and Resistor(R2) between Pin7 and Pin 6/2 must be 10K

    Following image shows what I am trying to say.

     image

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