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Blog 555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor
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Engagement
  • Author Author: AE7HD
  • Date Created: 18 Oct 2022 2:35 PM Date Created
  • Views 6259 views
  • Likes 7 likes
  • Comments 34 comments
  • remote sensor
  • capacitance sensor
  • liquid level
  • ne555
  • tlc555
  • 555timermadnessch
  • 555 timers
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555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor

AE7HD
AE7HD
18 Oct 2022
If you want to measure capacitance for a sensor some distance away, you can't do it at the end of long wires. Just temperature changes and nearby objects will make larger changes that can swamp what you are trying to measure.

This was originally for my first car in the late '70s. I put sensors on the windshield washer tank, the radiator hose, even inside the gas tank. I had already designed and built my own precision capacitance meter using two 555 timers. This triggered each sensor separately, then sorted which one was active with a decade counter and an LM3914 linear dot/display driver.
Two wire twisted pair is a lot cheaper than 3 wire. And when you aren't flush with cash, that can make a difference. This one is designed to send the signal back to an Arduino, which is then programmed to measure just the On time.

I've used this to measure liquid levels in water tanks, on roofs, even inkjet tanks. The sensor itself might be metal tape on the outside of a plastic or glass tank, or insulated wire in the liquid. Make sure the insulation is compatible with the liquid.

One 555 timer goes onto the remote sensor. The signal and power travel on the same line similar to how I2C and several other methods work, although in this case there are no addresses.
image
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Top Comments

  • dougw
    dougw over 3 years ago +1
    Good idea to put the circuit close to the "capacitor".
  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj +1
    https://hackaday.io/project/183506-remote-continuous-liquid-level-sensor-555-timer D1 is there to make the output of the 555 act as if it were an open collector output. Yes, it will use the 100pF…
  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD +1
    Thanks for the reply Sir. I agree that T-ON would be proportional to capacitance. T-OFF is needed to make Arduino detect falling pulseIn method where we can take T-ON time. Now I read it again and…
  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    https://hackaday.io/project/183506-remote-continuous-liquid-level-sensor-555-timer

    D1 is there to make the  output of the 555 act as if it were an open collector output.

    Yes, it will use the 100pF capacitor all the time, it sets the shortest pulse time. You can calibrate it by not having any water or person in the field area, measure that minimum pulse width, and call that zero. Then fill the container or put a person at the closest approach, measure, and call that 100%.

    D2 is there to prevent discharging C3, which would remove power from the 555 circuit.

    The circuit sends out a constant string of pulses. If you power it up to measure, you need to give R3 a chance to charge up C3, which means at least 5 time constants, in fact I'd just say 10 time constants. At 1k and 100uF, that is only 10^3 x 10^-4 or 0.1 second.

    No, do not pole the Pulse pin, as mentioned, it is sending out a constant stream of pulses as long as it is powered by 5V on R3.

    You could use the total time if you wish. By design, Toff is very short, a 1000:1 ratio between it and Ton. As the formula shows, Ton is directly proportional to capacitance.

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  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago

    Hi AE7H,

    Very interesting design. Thanks for Sharing. I have few queries. If you could throw some light on them, it would be great.


    1. What is the purpose of D2 at the out of 555 (Pin 3)?
    2. When CL is not present, Will Arduino keep showing the value of C1 (100pF) ?
    3. I am planning to power 555 timer, only when needed through a N-Channel MOSFET trigger by Arduino's Digital PIN. In this case, when can we start measuring Capacitance?
       3.1. Should we Poll the "Pulse pin" and when it goes low, start the measurement?
       3.2. After powering on, wait for few millisecond (for 555 to start) and then start measuring the capacitance?

    4. Normally we take Off time + On Time and then calculate Capacitance. In here, you have mentioned only ON time would be considered. Can you explain more about this concept please.

    Thanks in Advance.

    Gururaj    

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 3 years ago in reply to dougw

    It sidesteps so many issues.

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  • dougw
    dougw over 3 years ago

    Good idea to put the circuit close to the "capacitor".

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