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555 Timer Madness
Blog 555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor
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  • Author Author: AE7HD
  • Date Created: 18 Oct 2022 2:35 PM Date Created
  • Views 6257 views
  • Likes 7 likes
  • Comments 34 comments
  • remote sensor
  • capacitance sensor
  • liquid level
  • ne555
  • tlc555
  • 555timermadnessch
  • 555 timers
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555 timer Remote Capacitance Sensor - fluid level, body detector, touch sensor

AE7HD
AE7HD
18 Oct 2022
If you want to measure capacitance for a sensor some distance away, you can't do it at the end of long wires. Just temperature changes and nearby objects will make larger changes that can swamp what you are trying to measure.

This was originally for my first car in the late '70s. I put sensors on the windshield washer tank, the radiator hose, even inside the gas tank. I had already designed and built my own precision capacitance meter using two 555 timers. This triggered each sensor separately, then sorted which one was active with a decade counter and an LM3914 linear dot/display driver.
Two wire twisted pair is a lot cheaper than 3 wire. And when you aren't flush with cash, that can make a difference. This one is designed to send the signal back to an Arduino, which is then programmed to measure just the On time.

I've used this to measure liquid levels in water tanks, on roofs, even inkjet tanks. The sensor itself might be metal tape on the outside of a plastic or glass tank, or insulated wire in the liquid. Make sure the insulation is compatible with the liquid.

One 555 timer goes onto the remote sensor. The signal and power travel on the same line similar to how I2C and several other methods work, although in this case there are no addresses.
image
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Top Comments

  • dougw
    dougw over 3 years ago +1
    Good idea to put the circuit close to the "capacitor".
  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj +1
    https://hackaday.io/project/183506-remote-continuous-liquid-level-sensor-555-timer D1 is there to make the output of the 555 act as if it were an open collector output. Yes, it will use the 100pF…
  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD +1
    Thanks for the reply Sir. I agree that T-ON would be proportional to capacitance. T-OFF is needed to make Arduino detect falling pulseIn method where we can take T-ON time. Now I read it again and…
  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    I'm unsure what your point is. Why are you trying to increase the Off time or decrease the duty cycle? The parameter to measure is the On time.

    The point of having a very short off time is to keep C3 from discharging. If you reverse those resistors, then the voltage on C3 may end up with a lot of ripple on it. Since the 555 uses a voltage divider from Vcc to set the charge/discharge points, this will result in unstable and hard to predict behavior.

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  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD

    Sir, Last but not least I was trying to calculate the T-ON and T-OFF time, Frequency, DutyCylce etc. Seems like R1 must be 10M and R2 must be 10K. With this the Duty cycle will be 99.9%.

    If R1 is 10K and R2 is 10M, we get a duty cycle of 50% (Square wave with Equal high and low timings) 

    image

    Attached is image of the calculator used from here. Please correct me if I am wrong.

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago in reply to Gururaj

    Yes, that is correct.

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  • Gururaj
    Gururaj over 2 years ago in reply to AE7HD

    Thanks for the reply Sir.

    I agree that T-ON would be proportional to capacitance. T-OFF is needed to make Arduino detect falling pulseIn method where we can take T-ON time.

    Now I read it again and understood that 555 timer is powered by the same line as we measure the Pulse. When 555 timer's output goes low, 555 will be powered by C3 for that short period of time. Hence D2 is needed to prevent discharging C3. This is a great design. I hope my understanding is correct?

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  • AE7HD
    AE7HD over 2 years ago

    hackaday.io/.../183506-remote-continuous-liquid-level-sensor-555-timer

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