(Image Credit: marmixer/pixabay)
Recently, China’s Deep Space Exploration Laboratory (DSEL) pointed, fired, and deflected a precision laser at a moon-orbiting satellite 80,000 miles away from Earth. This breakthrough with laser technology demonstrates China’s ambitions in the space race and technological advancements. The successful experiment is part of China’s plans to set up a permanent moon presence by 2033.
How did they do it? China’s ground stations fired nanosecond pulses that deflected off retroreflectors on spacecraft before returning. This showed how far the laser traveled, and it’s a very challenging process in this scenario, as it occurred in daylight and from Earth-moon distances. The nation also managed to pull it off without interference from solar background noise, far exceeding the technology's limitations.
Their extreme precision is similar to “aiming at a sub-millimeter target---essentially a single hair---from over 6.2 miles away.” With such precision, China can collect orbital data each time the Tiandu-1 satellite comes into range, improving measurement frequency and reliability. It’s an important achievement for the Quequao constellation, designed to deliver uninterrupted communication and navigation support for lunar missions.
China’s space initiatives are essential for a broader plan to secure a lasting presence on the Moon. The Tiandu-1 and Tiandu-2 satellites, along with the Queqiao-2 relay satellite, represent the foundation of China’s lunar exploration network. The satellites have previously obtained high-resolution imagery of the Moon’s surface and achieved reliable cross-link communications, setting the stage for more ambitious lunar missions.
The CNSA is working toward landing humans on the moon by 2030. It also expects to begin constructing the International Lunar Research Station by 2035. Laser ranging technology is crucial for multiple lunar exploration aspects, including delivering precise guidance during approach and landing, in addition to coordinating rover fleets exploring the lunar surface.
Now that the daylight laser ranging experiment succeeded, DSEL aims to expand daytime testing to greater distances and higher repetition rates. This enables improved integration into regular deep-space activities, making Earth-Moon communications more reliable. This experiment followed the Chang’e-6 launch that collected soil samples from the Moon’s far side, demonstrating the importance of strong communication and navigation systems in space exploration.
New challenges and opportunities arise as a result of China’s laser technology and lunar exploration achievements. Its space technology has the potential to make the space race among other nations more competitive, which could lead to partnerships and innovations.
Have a story tip? Message me at: http://twitter.com/Cabe_Atwell