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Scientists at Washington University have successfully put rodents in topor, a hibernation-like state, by applying ultrasonic pulses to their heads. The team's approach is noteworthy because rats can't naturally hibernate and hints that humans might have a vestigial hibernation circuit that can be turned on through artificial means. Scientists say this could have applications in medicine and deep-space travel.
At first, the team located the hypothalamus preoptic region that contained a specific group of neurons for body temperature and metabolism regulation while in hibernation. These neurons were activated by using ultrasound applied via a helmet worn on their heads. As a result, the rodents' body temperature decreased by 3C for an hour. Their metabolism also switched from using fat and carbohydrates to fat for energy. Their heart rates even experienced a 47% decrease.
In addition, the team created a closed-loop feedback system that prevented the mice from exiting the hibernation state by automatically delivering an ultrasonic pulse. The mice hibernated for 24 hours, keeping the body temperature at 33C. They then awoke after the system was turned off. Rats also underwent these experiments with this device, which decreased their body temperature by 1C upon delivering those pulses in the same area. The team expects to perform trials on larger animals.
Humans could enter hibernation for varying reasons, including deep space travel and medical emergencies. In that case, it may help patients recover from a stroke or heart attack by slowing down their metabolism. Thus, it can help them increase their survival chances. Plus, this technique paves the way for wearable ultrasound devices, like helmets, for easy access in case of emergencies.
Years ago, NASA announced it was investigating hibernation technology in collaboration with SpaceWorks, an Atlanta-based aerospace company. The effort involved using RhinoChill to put people in a state of hibernation. Generally, a cooling liquid shoots through tubes through the nose, reaching the brain base. The device works as a design for a topor- inducing Mars Transfer Habitat (MTH). The idea here involved sending astronauts to Mars while in hibernation. Then, robots would ensure their bones and muscles stay strong by electrically stimulating them.
Overall, the habitat would weigh 181 metric tons, consume 300 kWe of power, and be home to 100 astronauts. In 2015, SpaceWorks reported this has a smaller mass while consuming less power compared to other Mars-exploring architectures. SpaceWorks received a Phase II NIAC award from NASA in 2016, allowing for further development of this idea.
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