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Documents World’s First Single-Chip Apple II Boots! -- Episode 532
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  • Author Author: tariq.ahmad
  • Date Created: 4 Jan 2022 5:04 PM Date Created
  • Last Updated Last Updated: 7 Jan 2022 8:24 AM
  • Views 135315 views
  • Likes 10 likes
  • Comments 13 comments

World’s First Single-Chip Apple II Boots! -- Episode 532

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Inside of the Apple IIgs computer is a chip called the MEGA-II. Many sources call this an “Apple IIe on a chip.” Turns out, that might be a bit of a stretch. For this build, James shows how he removed the chip from a 1990-vintage Apple IIgs and put it into a custom-designed prototype. Spoiler: It takes more than 1 chip to make a bootable Apple IIe clone, using a combination of original vintage and modern parts.

Supplemental Content:

  • Episode 517: Emulate an EPROM - How Hard Could it Be?
  • Workbench Wednesday 18: Digilent Analog Discovery Review
  • Bit Preserve (Vintage Computer Schematics in KiCad): https://github.com/baldengineer/bit-preserve
  • OSH Park (PCB Fab)
  • Golden Delicious Design Files:  https://github.com/baldengineer/Golden-Delicious
  • Apple IIe ROM Decoder for Digilent Waveforms: https://github.com/baldengineer/Golden-Delicious/tree/master/waveforms%20decoders
  • Live Stream List:
    • Parts 1, 2, and 4 are lost forever! (well, from Twitch)
    • Part 3: Portable Apple II HW Design in KiCad (Aborted Breakout board)
    • Part 5: VGC Prototype PCB Design
    • Part 6: W65c02 Prototype PCB Design
    • Part 7: MEGA-][ Prototype PCB
    • Part 8: Measuring ASICs on the Apple IIe
    • Part 9: Continued MEGA-][ Design
    • Part 10: Creating the 65c02 proto-pcb
    • Part 11: First look at emulating Keyboard ROM
    • Part 12: Attempting to use an Arduino Mega 2560 to emulate the keyboard ROM. (We failed and the logic analyzer shows why.)
    • Part 13: Learning how to program the Pi Pico PIO, so we can use it to emulate the Keyboard ROM
    • Part 14 Connecting the Pi PIco to a real Apple IIe
    • Part 15: Soldering the analog section of the Video Prototype board
    • Part 16: Video and VGC oscilloscope measurements on a working IIgs
    • Part 17: Soldering 65C02 Prototype board (and partial test)
    • Part 18: Soldering MEGA-II Prototype board (but no testing)
    • Part 19: Removing the MEGA, DRAMs, DAC Resistor Packs, and Inductors from a working IIgs. (And then testing the clock dividers on the MEGA!)
    • Part 20: Finish soldering the VGC Rev 1 Board.
    • Part 21:Last solder focused stream for the rev 1 boards....
    • Part 22: Early Turn-On. (Lots of logic analyzer work in this one.)
    • Part 23: Verifying the MEGA-II refreshes the DRAM.
    • Part 24: Major Milestone: We booted the Apple IIe ROM!!!! (kinda)
    • Part 25: Debugging the non-booting (with working video)
    • Part 26:This was it! The first boot Passed self-test and got to an Apple prompt (then crashed.)
    • Part 27: Attempting to get the Pi Pico PIO to make the databus happy.
  • Short Clips
    • Digilent Digital Discovery Logic analyzer showing 65c02 chasing its…
    • Skip to the good part of #26

Bill of Material:

Product Name Manufacturer Quantity Buy Kit
Tablet Oscilloscope Multicomp Pro 1 Buy Now
Digital Discovery Digilent 1 Buy Now
Analog Discovery 2 Digilent 1 Buy Now
Surface Mount Test Points Harwin 1 Buy Now
40 Pin Socket Multicomp Pro 1 Buy Now
100 ohm resistor network Panasonic 1 Buy Now
Octal Bus Transceiver (HCT245) Nexperia 1 Buy Now
 

Additional Parts:

MEGA-][ ASIC from Apple IIgs
VGC ASIC from Apple IIgs
W65c02 from Western Design Center (WDC)

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Top Comments

  • kmikemoo
    kmikemoo over 3 years ago +2
    WOW! baldengineer That is/was mind blowing! Fantastic project - and hilarious Oregon Trail add-ins.
  • DAB
    DAB over 3 years ago +2
    You are definatly ambitious in trying to reverse engineer the old Apple II. I never played with one of those, we went with CPM Z80 machines, but I am familiar with the issues with the dynamic ram access…
  • baldengineer
    baldengineer over 3 years ago in reply to DAB +1
    Another title I considered for the video was: "how I accidentally reverse engineered the Apple II." I've had to really learn the hardware design of the original Apple II to understand what the Mega-II…
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  • DAB
    DAB over 3 years ago

    You are definatly ambitious in trying to reverse engineer the old Apple II.

    I never played with one of those, we went with CPM Z80 machines, but I am familiar with the issues with the dynamic ram access of that era.

    I found your debug sequence very interesting and you brought back memories of doing similar work back in those days.

    Good luck with your build, it will be interesting to see what hidden capability resides in that chip.

    DAB

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  • baldengineer
    baldengineer over 3 years ago in reply to DAB

    Another title I considered for the video was: "how I accidentally reverse engineered the Apple II." I've had to really learn the hardware design of the original Apple II to understand what the Mega-II is doing (and why).

    The Rev 2 of the project is pretty far along. One of the most interesting finds is that the supposed "single chip Apple II" needs at least one other ASIC from the IIgs to be functional.It is the chip that buffers the clock signals for the expansion slots. For SOME reason, it has a keyboard-related signal on it. Without that signal it is extremely difficult to get keyboard calls to work correctly. Maybe that'll be in Part 2. Slight smile

    It's clear to me the objective of the chip changed during design phase. I just WISH I could get an internal datasheet for it!

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  • baldengineer
    baldengineer over 3 years ago in reply to DAB

    Another title I considered for the video was: "how I accidentally reverse engineered the Apple II." I've had to really learn the hardware design of the original Apple II to understand what the Mega-II is doing (and why).

    The Rev 2 of the project is pretty far along. One of the most interesting finds is that the supposed "single chip Apple II" needs at least one other ASIC from the IIgs to be functional.It is the chip that buffers the clock signals for the expansion slots. For SOME reason, it has a keyboard-related signal on it. Without that signal it is extremely difficult to get keyboard calls to work correctly. Maybe that'll be in Part 2. Slight smile

    It's clear to me the objective of the chip changed during design phase. I just WISH I could get an internal datasheet for it!

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  • phoenixcomm
    phoenixcomm over 3 years ago in reply to baldengineer

    imageHope this helps

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  • baldengineer
    baldengineer over 3 years ago in reply to phoenixcomm

    I have schematics for all of the IIgs revisions and one for the IIe expansion card. In fact, I re-drew the IIgs schematic in KiCad.

    What I'm missing is a functional description of what the Mega-II does. Most of the pins that exist in the IIe's MMU and IOU chipset are straightforward.

    But, it is not clear about signals that don't exist in the older chips OR some of the control signals that have glue logic in the older design. For example, I don't know if the DMA signal that Mega has gates the system clock or not. (I have a way to test, but I haven't yet.)

    I keep joking I'm going to make a faux-datasheet when I'm "done."

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