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Related

Weather satellite images

neuromodulator
neuromodulator over 5 years ago

There are a couple of weather satellites that continuously transmit unencrypted images and data back to earth. Some are geostationary like the GOES satellites, and some have polar orbits like the NOOA and Meteor satellites. With right equipment it is possible capture, demodulate and decode the data transmitted by these satellites. Meteor satellites are russian, and currently 2 of them are operational (Meteor M N2 (More info) and Meteor M N2-2 (More info)). As it can be seen in the links, these satellites transmit at different bands through different protocols/services, one of them is the Low-Rate Picture Transmission (LRPT), which is transmitted at 137.1 and 137.9 MHz (Wikipedia link). LRPT uses QPSK and OQPSK modulation (Wikipedia link) and Reed-Solomon (Wikipedia link) forward error correction. Forward error correction allows the receiver to the "fix" corrupted data, allowing in this way the reception of data at a lower SNR.

 

There are many hardware alternatives to receive the data, I used an Ettus B200 SDR with a hand-tracked rabbits ear antenna. I used HDSDR to record the signal, SDR# with a meteor demodulator plugin to demodulate it, Medet to decode it, and "Smooth Meteor" to "correct" the image (compensate for the distortion caused by the earth spherical form). Here is an example of what I was able to receive:

 

image

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  • neuromodulator
    neuromodulator over 5 years ago in reply to 14rhb +5
    It should be enough, what kind of antennas do you have? What you will also need is a satellite tracking app or webpage (check these links: Meteor M2 , Meteor M2-2 ) to check the time when the sat will…
  • 14rhb
    14rhb over 5 years ago +3
    That is awesome work neuromodulator such a clear and detailed image. I've got a cheap SDR that I might be able to use Software Defined Radio (SDR) - My First Design or do you think it is too low-specification…
  • 14rhb
    14rhb over 5 years ago in reply to neuromodulator +3
    Great, thank you. Now I really want to have a go at this. I only have some thin film Molex antennas currently (like those in yesterday's webinar) so I'll have to make something for outside anyway - I'd…
  • 14rhb
    14rhb over 5 years ago

    That is awesome work neuromodulator such a clear and detailed image. I've got a cheap SDR that I might be able to use Software Defined Radio (SDR) - My First Design or do you think it is too low-specification?

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  • neuromodulator
    neuromodulator over 5 years ago in reply to 14rhb

    It should be enough, what kind of antennas do you have? What you will also need is a satellite tracking app or webpage (check these links: Meteor M2, Meteor M2-2) to check the time when the sat will pass over your location and start capturing. These sats have a period of around 100 min and you got around 15 mins to capture their transmission. The higher the elevation the sat will reach when it passes, the better, try to look for elevations over 45°. You can also try to capture NOAA-15, 18 and 19 sats, they transmit at 137 Mhz too, the images are lower res and they require higher SNR to get crystal clear images, but considering the short time period you have to capture a sat signal, you can use those sats to tune your rig while you wait for Meteor sats. If you can, try to look for a place with low RF contamination and high visibility, cities are usually not the best place to capture these weak signals.

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  • 14rhb
    14rhb over 5 years ago in reply to neuromodulator

    Great, thank you. Now I really want to have a go at this. I only have some thin film Molex antennas currently (like those in yesterday's webinar) so I'll have to make something for outside anyway - I'd welcome suggestions for anything that is low-cost and easy to make as there seems to be a huge variety of designs out there.

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  • neuromodulator
    neuromodulator over 5 years ago

    Old TVs used rabbit ear antennas, you could scavange one, or just build a V dipole (link).

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  • 14rhb
    14rhb over 5 years ago in reply to neuromodulator

    A good link, thank you. I cannot imagine it gets much simpler than that image

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  • Gough Lui
    Gough Lui over 5 years ago

    Nice to see the digital modes - I remember decoding the APT analog AM-in-FM modes before using WxSat and a scanner, although not with great results due to the ~50kHz FM bandwidth. Perhaps it's a good time to build a QFA (helix) antenna as well?

     

    Perhaps if I find the time, I'll go looking for LRPT. I know there is dedicated HRPT gear out there (e.g. the Winradio stuff) but it's very expensive. In the EU at least, you can get some of the data via geostationary satellites as well (EUMETCast) as well as in Japan (HimawariCast) using an ACM/VCM capable satellite TV tuner card and regular Ku-band dish and LNB. Unfortunately, being in AU, we don't have such services available, but at least we still have HF Fax (B/W) for marine users.

     

    - Gough

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  • clem57
    clem57 over 5 years ago

    Very impressive neuromodulator . About how much time did you invest to setup up this and what was some of the troubles you encountered?

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  • neuromodulator
    neuromodulator over 5 years ago in reply to clem57

    Not much time really. I first tried to capture APT signals, on my first attempt I found that they were visible even from within the house (It rainy outside). On the next attempt I captured it from the garden and that increased the quality of the capture a great deal. After a few APT captures I moved to LRIT, and it was much easier as it required lower SNR. Probably the biggest difficulty was to learn how to properly move the antenna so as to maximize SNR. It also took me some time to find what programs to use and how to properly use them. My captures where from a house 2km away from the closest town. I'll soon try this from a city to find out how much worse it is...

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  • cstanton
    cstanton over 5 years ago

    I'd love to recreate this using my HackRF.

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  • clem57
    clem57 over 5 years ago in reply to cstanton

    image for a HackRF! That is like so cool...

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