Think of it like building a house. You're trying to build a house without knowing how to build a wall first and without knowing how to mix cement.
There is no short-cut, you need to know how to build the wall first and how to mix cement.
So, you can forget the possibility of joining all your parts together and getting them to work, it just won't happen until you've learnt the smaller things first.
To do that, you need to follow some Arduino tutorials perhaps. It might take a few weeks or longer, depending on how fast you learn. To be honest, expect it to take some (many) months if you're a complete beginner.
Start with blinking an LED and slowly build up..
Once you've learnt all that, only then can you start designing your own combinations and have enough knowledge to get them working together.
