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John Wiltrout's Blog Comparing Power Supplies
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  • Author Author: jw0752
  • Date Created: 12 Feb 2017 8:11 PM Date Created
  • Views 2699 views
  • Likes 7 likes
  • Comments 19 comments
  • linear_power_supply
  • switch mode power supply
  • energy_power
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Comparing Power Supplies

jw0752
jw0752
12 Feb 2017

I recently built a couple of Bench Power Supplies using salvaged parts and inexpensive kits and modules from the Chinese electronics suppliers. I Blogged about these builds here on element-14.

 

https://www.element14.com/community/people/jw0752/blog/2017/01/24/using-the-coarse-fine-control-circuit-in-my-new-dual-bench-supply

 

and

 

https://www.element14.com/community/people/jw0752/blog/2017/02/11/oh-no-not-another-power-supply

 

It was suggested by michaelkellett that I should do a comparison test to see how well the power supplies perform against each other. I have also added in a comparison to a relatively inexpensive commercial bench supply that is my primary supply.

 

Here are the three supplies that we will be comparing in this experiment. I will refer to them throughout this blog as the Commercial Supply ( Mastech HY 3005F-3), Linear Supply, and Switching Supply.

 

image

 

The Commercial Supply is a 0 to 30V 5 Amp power supply.

 

image

 

This is the Linear Supply as described in the Blog "Oh No! Not Another #@&* Power Supply" and has a range of 0 to 27 volts with a max 3 Amp current.

 

image

 

Here is the Switching Supply as described in the Blog "Using the Coarse + Fine Control Circuit in My New Bench Supply"  Which has a voltage output range of 1.2 Volts to 26 Volts with a 5 Amp max current.

 

The experiment will look at the ripple of each supply with no load and with full load. Each supply will also be tested and compared to see how it reacts to a load as well as how it reacts to the removal of a load. The test parameters will be 10 volts from channel one of each supply. The load will be an automotive brake light which has a beginning resistance of approximately 0.8 Ohm and an operating resistance of approximately 5.7 Ohms. The low beginning resistance of the bulb will serve to highlight the ability of the power supply to respond to a high current load.

 

image

 

The test instrument is a Rigol DS 1102E DSO.

 

Here is a layout of the test rig wiring.

 

image

 

image

 

 

I have set up the rig so that both power supplies are switched to their loads simultaneously. One of the weak spots of this experiment is my assumption that the two load bulbs that I will be using are identical. This may not be true in the strictest sense but they will be close enough for the tolerance of this experiment.

 

Our first test will be to look at supply ripple without and with the load bulbs in the circuit. As a convention when displaying comparisons I will display the Commercial Supply first followed by the Linear Supply and then the Switching Supply. First however let's look at the base line noise on the scope. This is 32 mV PP with the scope probe shorted to its ground wire.

 

image

 

The No Load Trace of the three power supplies is as follows:

 

    imageimage

The Commercial Supply has 56 mV PP, the Linear Supply has 60 mV PP and the Switching Supply has 40 mV.

 

1.75 Amp load on each supply gave the following results:

 

    imageimage

The Commercial Supply has 80 mV PP, the Linear Supply has 700 mV, and the Switching Supply has 640 mV. The characteristic of the switching supply scan is however showing a much more regular pattern which is likely a vestige of the switching frequency.

 

Next I tested the supply for how they would react to being switched onto the test load.

 

    imageimage

The Commercial reacts with a 6 volt instantaneous drop that over corrects slightly and stabalizes after 350 ms, The Linear Supply also dips slightly less than 6 volts and also over corrects with a stabilization reached in about 450 ms, and the switching supply reacts with a 3 volt drop and recovers without an over correction to a stable level in about 100 mS.

 

The last test that I ran was to look at the situation when the load was removed from the supply.

 

     imageimage

The Commercial supply has the lease reaction with only a 400 mV PP disruption while the Linear had a 960 mV deflection and the Switching had an 800 mV deflection.

 

My conclusion is that the Commercial at 10 times the cost of the other supplies was the best performer with respect to ripple on the voltage under all test conditions. The surprise for me was that the Switching Supply actually out performed the Linear Supply in my opinion. This was not expected as I had always assumed that the switching supplies would be worse. The obvious switch noise on the Switching Supplies output may be more of a concern than the apparently random noise on the Linear supplies output but I do not know enough to make a proper evaluation of this. I have not gotten to the stage of precision in my experiments so far where I have had any problems . I want to thank Michael for suggesting this experiment as it has given me some potentially valuable insights into the performance of these three supplies.

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Top Comments

  • mcb1
    mcb1 over 8 years ago +2
    Nice test. I suspect that once you add a non linear type load (harmonics, induction), you'll start seeing other differences. The linear supplies we used to make way back suffered from instability, and…
  • jc2048
    jc2048 over 8 years ago +2
    With a 10V supply and a cold load of 0.8 ohms you are asking the supplies to give you 12.5A. The commercial supply current limits and reduces the voltage to 4V (4V/0.8ohms = 5A). It does that nice and…
  • jw0752
    jw0752 over 8 years ago in reply to jc2048 +2
    Thank you Jon for taking the time to give me these excellent insights into what is going on with the results from my tests. Since both Linear supplies have current limiting what you said makes good sense…
  • michaelkellett
    michaelkellett over 8 years ago in reply to jc2048

    That last one is a very interesting (and horrible) result. When I can I'll try a couple of switching supplies. My MOSFET rings too - so I'll think about a more controlled switch off for it.

     

    MK

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  • jc2048
    jc2048 over 8 years ago in reply to michaelkellett

    Thank you, you are quite right. I'm measuring the reluctance of the large electrolytic on the output of the PSU to supply current. If I put a 1uF ceramic capacitor across the output to give it a helping hand, I get this for the linear supply:

     

     

     

    imageimage

     

    Now I'm starting to see the deficiencies in my switched load. The glitch on the 'load off' waveform looks like this in more detail- yellow is voltage out, blue is the voltage at the MOSFET drain

     

    image

     

    so the glitch comes from the switch node ringing when the MOSFET is finally off (I've pieced the load together from multiple 3W metal oxide resistors and there's obviously a little too much inductance to the whole array). There's also something else ringing on a longer scale, which I don't quite understand.

     

    The switcher's reaction to having the output cap is a bit alarming

     

     

    image

     

    it now has 3 paths between load on and load off [possibly the constant-current circuit is coming into play]. Think I'll stick to using the linear supplies.

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  • michaelkellett
    michaelkellett over 8 years ago in reply to jc2048

    I'm not that happy with the transient load pulses you guys are seeing (big enough to blow stuff). I quickly lashed up an experiment on a Rigol DP832 switching in a 3.3R load with a big MOSFET. I set the supply for 9V so the current was going between 0 and 2.7A.

    The positive transient when the load is removed peaked at 10.7V and took 1.6us to drop back to 9.3V - much slower after that to get back to 9V, probably because there was no load at all.

    Noise is about 1mV RMS or 6mVp-p over at 15MHz bandwidth.

     

    I think your peak is a much higher but the pulse is narrower.  No time to play more right now, but I almost wonder if your supply with a small capacitor across it would look rather like the Rigol.

     

    MK

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  • jc2048
    jc2048 over 8 years ago in reply to jw0752

    If I calculate the thermal noise for a resistance of 5.6 ohms and a bandwidth of 5MHz (just to give an idea)

     

    thermal noise cold at room temp (293K):

     

    square root (4 x 1.38^-23 x 293 x 5^6 x 5.7) = 0.68uV rms

     

    now if the filament were at 2400K:

     

    square root (4 x 1.38^-23 x 2400 x 5^6 x 5.7) = 1.94uV rms

     

    Have I done that right? It looks ok - you tend to think of thermal noise in resistors being a problem with hi-fi preamps with signals at the 10s of uV level and sensitive instrumentation. In this case the low resistance balances the higher than usual temperature.

     

    So you are unlikely to be able to measure it with your scope (if it is anything like mine).

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  • D_Hersey
    D_Hersey over 8 years ago in reply to jw0752

    Some SMPSs are really quiet because they have resonant topologies.  Not

    sure if this is case here, just sayin'.

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