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  • Author Author: shabaz
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USB Type-C and Power Delivery: Any Interest?

shabaz

Table of Contents


Introduction


This is a quick blog post to see what interest there is for USB Type-C (also known as USB-C), and what applications people are interested in, and what they are working on, or plan to be working on.

I figured perhaps a good way for anyone to learn a little about USB-C could be to dip toes into the subject with small projects. For instance, I learned a tiny bit about USB-C connectors with a USB-C UART adapter project:  Building a USB-C USB-UART Board  

In that blog post, I learned that the USB4085-GF-A connector  is fairly usable and easy to solder. It would be great to hear of other connectors too, for instance, surface-mount pins may be easier.

I also learned in that blog post what pins to connect, to use the USB-C connector for basic USB 2.0 functionality, and for getting 5V power from the connected PC.

image(Image source: GCT website)

One annoyance (sometimes minor) is that there will almost always be a need to route some traces sideways because the pins are too closely spaced together to route between them. The PCB below (from the USB-C UART project) required one trace to be routed out of the side on the underside of the board, as can be seen on the left side.

image

After a discussion  Power banks for Home IT equipment - anyone used them?   USB-C Power Delivery seemed to be an interesting topic. USB-C Power Delivery is a technology that allows the USB connection to carry higher voltages and current than the 5V that is ordinarily expected with USB.   and I identified some useful-looking products.

Here are some avenues for exploration of USB-C Power Delivery:

USB-C Click Board

The MikroE USB-C Sink Click Board can be used to connect to a USB-C power supply (or to a mobile phone charger with a USB-C connection on it) in order to obtain power. The USB-C Sink Click board can be configured to request different voltages from the supply/charger, depending on needs. The board uses a STUSB4500 chip (not the easiest in the world to configure, but fortunately there is existing code that could be used).

image(Image source:MikroE website)


USB-C Power Meter


The ADM00921 Power Meter board looks really neat. It can be used to monitor voltage/current/power when working with USB-C devices.

image(Image source: Farnell website)

Mobile Phone Charger

There are many chargers that support USB-C Power Delivery, at various voltages and maximum currents. Often the maximum capability of these consumer items is only specified in Watts.

Some of the Anker chargers are quite nice, because they use a GAN semiconductor device internally, for high efficiency while supporting high power USB-C Power Delivery loads.

image(Image source: Amazon)

YZXStudio USB-C Power Meter

This looks neat for obtaining measurements when working with USB-C devices too. There are a lot of variants of this power meter, some may be better than others.

image(Image source: AliExpress)

USB-C Laptop Power Supply

This device has two USB-C connector outputs, advertised (perhaps overly bold of them) for up to 100W each. The input connector can be connected to a vehicle battery. I have no idea if it is any good, I have not tried it (I bought one to experiment with, however).

image(Image source: AliExpress)

Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) Integrated Circuits

Due to the world semiconductor shortage, a lot of USB-C chips are hard to obtain. However, there are some nice-looking Monolithic Power semiconductors that are still available, such as the
MP5031 USB-C Power Delivery Controller .

This chip can be used at the power source end of the USB-C connection. It is used as the source end of the power negotiation and based on that, the MP5031 will send control signals to a separate DC-DC converter chip to adjust the voltage to suit.

image(Image source: MPS)

USB-C PD Protocol Analyzer

Following a link by   the following protocol analyzer tool was discovered, CY4500 .

The tool sniffs traffic passing through two USB-C connectors, and sends it via a third USB connector (Micro USB) to the PC running the graphical app.

image(Image source: Infineon/Cypress)

Screenshot from the PDF Quick Start Guide:

image

Soldering Tools

If you’re working directly with integrated circuits, then most of them have QFN or other tiny packages and custom circuit boards will be required. A hot air tool and a pre-heater would be very useful. There’s a low-cost hot air tool here: Multicomp Pro MP740784

It looks very similar to the Atten ST-862D which has favorable reviews. Therefore I think the Multicomp Pro product should be excellent.

image(Image source: Farnell)

For a pre-heater, perhaps a hot-plate could be used, they are low-cost too, available from Amazon/eBay and so on.

image

If you’re not interested in soldering tiny parts, but still want to explore USB-C PD, then the modules mentioned earlier could be the way to go.

Next Steps

If you’re interested in USB-C, drop a comment below : ) It would be great to hear about other people’s experiences, or we can learn together.

If there are other USB-C related components or products or soldering or test tools that seem relevant/interesting, please mention it in the comments, since it could be helpful to many people.

From my perspective, I think it would be interesting to experiment with the technology end-to-end. My main interest however lies in using USB-C for providing battery-sourced (could also be solar-sourced) power to laptops and mobile phones in the event of mains power outages.

Thanks for reading!

  • in reply to baldengineer

    I am working on something that would allow you to do this. Boards will be here for around 2 weeks and I will start writing documentation for it. As of right now, it is a special pi pico with PD 3.0 PPS capable. Inspired by this thread.

  • in reply to shabaz

    The eval board also has the LT3045 which has a very impressive PSRR for post regulating a DCDC converter (an isolated flyback in this case LTM8048):

    image

    It will be interesting to see what the output noise is, when being powered by my desktop computer.

  • in reply to baldengineer

    James, the brick would be your PD source and it needs to be PPS (programmable power spply) capable. Your project power supply would be a PD sink controller, negotiating voltage and  current with the source controller.

    Normally the PD source is responsible for over voltage and current limiting but this is quite coarse for current protection with a few 100 mA over the set limit if at all. Voltage limits I am not sure at the moment .

  • in reply to baldengineer

    Hehe good point. Source and Sink seem to imply the USB-PD devices either generates or consumes the power, but in reality the PD source functionality is just a chip next to the DC-DC converter that is the actual source. As for the Sink side, it's not really consuming the power, it is just negotiating it, so that additional circuitry can consume. The functionality you'd want for that purpose is the "sink", even though really it's not consuming the power, since that will be the attached circuit to the banana sockets or whatever you'll have.

    I've experimented a tiny amount with the STUSB4500 (it acts as the "sink"), but I still don't know enough to the extent that I can be sure if variable output is supported. I was able to get 5V/9V/12V etc out of it, dependent on if the source supported it. By the way, the data sheet is really incomprehensible. Even by looking at other people's code, I couldn't associate it to the datasheet. However, by using existing source code, it was possible to make it negotiate those few voltages. I'll write it up at some point but I've done very little, and there may be errors.

    I think Jan is also interested in the sink end, and also the earlier comment from Wolfgang discusses a board where more granular output was achieved. 

  • in reply to scottiebabe

    Very handy device! Definitely needs an enclosure : )