Title: Vital Care

By: Md. Kamrul Hussain

Project Category: Design Challenge

Project Name: Design For A Cause 2021

Blog post: 08

Previous Blogs:

Project Goal:

The project goal was to design a continuous vital monitoring device which can ease the Post recovery after care process for CoVid - 19. This device will send the health parameter into the cloud for telemedicine.

Point of Interest:

• Heart -

               ECG LEAD 1 is acquired and Heart Beat rate is calculated.

               This can be useful to detect potential threat due to Heart Rate Variability.

• Lungs -

               SpO2 is calculated from PPG signals. This can provide early detection of long-standing damage to the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. This may lead to long-term breathing problems.

                Respiratory signal is derived from ECG signal using R-peak amplitude variation during exhale and inhale. This can provide information on pulmonary disease.

Vital Signs to be monitored:

• • • PPG - provides oxygen saturation in blood [SpO2] - √
  • • ECG LEAD1 - provides heart beat rate - √
  • • Respiratory signal derived from ECG - √
  • • Temperature - √

Objectives Achieved:

Module01 -

• AD8232 gives ECG LEAD1
• Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 successfully process the LEAD1 ECG signal
• Calculates Heart Rate successfully
• Conditions the ECG signal to emphasize R-PEAK amplitude
• Derive respiratory signal from the R-PEAK variation
• send Heart Rate, Lead off detection and Respiratory signal to Arduino IOT Cloud

Related Blogs:

Vital Care - 04 ECG [AD8232 single LEAD]

Vital Care - 05 Respiration

Code snippets:

#include "arduino_secrets.h"
#include "thingProperties.h"
/* 
  Sketch generated by the Arduino IoT Cloud Thing "Vital Care chest"
  https://create.arduino.cc/cloud/things/9e5d4ff0-fa15-41f8-bc4f-81f9bfee5ea0 


  Arduino IoT Cloud Variables description


  The following variables are automatically generated and updated when changes are made to the Thing


  float RESP;
  float heartRate;
  bool ecgLEAD;


  Variables which are marked as READ/WRITE in the Cloud Thing will also have functions
  which are called when their values are changed from the Dashboard.
  These functions are generated with the Thing and added at the end of this sketch.
*/


#include <Ewma.h>
#include <EwmaT.h>
#include "KickFiltersRT.h"


Ewma adcFilter1(0.1);   // Less smoothing - faster to detect changes, but more prone to noise
Ewma adcFilter2(0.1);  // More smoothing - less prone to noise, but slower to detect changes


const float sinefreq = 50;
const float fs = 15*sinefreq; //samples 15x the frequency of the wave
const float dt = 1.0/fs;
const uint16_t samples = 20*(1/sinefreq)/dt; //prints 20 cycles of the wave


const float scale = 100;


int16_t input0;
int16_t input;
byte count = 1;


bool LEADstatus = 1;
bool QRSstart = 0;
unsigned long starttime = 0;
unsigned long stoptime = 0;
unsigned long Rtime = 0;
unsigned long R0time = 0;
float beats0 = 0;
float peak = 0;
float peak0 = 0;
float beatrate, beatrate0;
float resp, resp0;


float filtered1;
float filtered2, filtered2_0;
    
float derivative;
float square, square0;
float beats;


#define GND A1
#define POWER A2
#define ECGOUT A3
#define LO_LA A4
#define LO_RA A5
#define SDN A6


KickFiltersRT<float> filtersRT;
KickFiltersRT<int16_t> filtersRT1;
KickFiltersRT<int16_t> filtersRT2;
KickFiltersRT<int16_t> filtersRT3;


void setup() {
  // Initialize serial and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  // This delay gives the chance to wait for a Serial Monitor without blocking if none is found
  delay(1500); 


  //setting your own r_coeff value
  filtersRT1.initnotch(0, 0, 50, fs, 0.8);
  filtersRT.inithighpass(input, 0.5, fs);


  R0time = millis();


  //Initialize AD8232 module
  pinMode(GND, OUTPUT);     //PROVIDE GROUND [0V] TO AD8232 MODULE
  pinMode(POWER, OUTPUT);   //PROVIDE POWER [3.3V] TO AD8232 MODULE
  pinMode(LO_LA, INPUT);
  pinMode(LO_RA, INPUT);
  pinMode(SDN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
  
  digitalWrite(GND,LOW);
  digitalWrite(POWER,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(SDN,HIGH);
  
  // Defined in thingProperties.h
  initProperties();


  // Connect to Arduino IoT Cloud
  ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection);
  
  /*
     The following function allows you to obtain more information
     related to the state of network and IoT Cloud connection and errors
     the higher number the more granular information you’ll get.
     The default is 0 (only errors).
     Maximum is 4
 */
  setDebugMessageLevel(2);
  ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo();
}


void loop() {
  ArduinoCloud.update();
  // Your code here 


while(digitalRead(LO_LA) && digitalRead(LO_RA)){
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
     LEADstatus = 0;
     ecgLEAD = LEADstatus;
     delay(500);
  }
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN,LOW);
  LEADstatus = 1;
  
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < samples; i++)
  {
    input = analogRead(ECGOUT);
    
    float filtered1 = adcFilter1.filter(input);
    float filtered2 = filtersRT.highpass(filtered1);
    
    float derivative = filtered2 - input0;
    input0 = filtered2;
    float square = sq(derivative);
    float beats = adcFilter2.filter(square);
    //float resp = adcFilter3.filter(beats);


    if (beats > 50 && QRSstart == 0){
      QRSstart = 1;
      starttime = millis();
      beats0 = beats;
    }
    if (beats > 50 && QRSstart == 1 && beats > beats0){
      beats0 = beats;
      Rtime = millis();
    }
    if (beats < 50 && QRSstart == 1){
      QRSstart = 0;
      stoptime = millis();
      if (stoptime - starttime > 40){
        beatrate = 60000 / (Rtime - R0time);
        R0time = Rtime;
        resp = beats0 / 2; 


        if (resp > 1000 || resp < 0){
          resp = resp0;
          }
        if (beatrate > 200 || beatrate < 0){
          beatrate = beatrate0;
          }
        Serial.print(beatrate);
        Serial.print(",");
        Serial.print(resp);
        Serial.println();


        RESP = resp;
        heartRate = beatrate;
        ecgLEAD = LEADstatus;


      }
     
     resp0 = resp;
     beatrate0 = beatrate;
    }
  }
}

Module02 -

• MAX30102 gives PPG for IR and RED LEDs
• Built-in Temperature sensor inside the MAX30102 provides body temperature output
• NANO 33 IOT calculates the SPO2 from IR and RED LedsConditions t
• Sends Temperature and Respiratory signal to Arduino IOT Cloud

Related Blogs:

Vital Care - 02.a SPO2 basics [PPG]

Vital Care - 02.b SPO2 [MAX30102]

Vital Care - 03 Temperature

     Code snippets:

#include "arduino_secrets.h"
#include "thingProperties.h"
/* 
  Sketch generated by the Arduino IoT Cloud Thing "SunnyiutThing"
  https://create.arduino.cc/cloud/things/2ccb6449-f4b8-4fc3-b016-19ef812cce18 


  Arduino IoT Cloud Variables description


  The following variables are automatically generated and updated when changes are made to the Thing


  CloudHeartRate HR;
  bool placeFinger;
  CloudHeartRate RespRate;
  CloudPercentage oxi;
  float TEMP;
  float RESP;
  
  Variables which are marked as READ/WRITE in the Cloud Thing will also have functions
  which are called when their values are changed from the Dashboard.
  These functions are generated with the Thing and added at the end of this sketch.
*/


#include <Ewma.h>
#include <EwmaT.h>
Ewma adcFilter2(0.1);
Ewma adcFilter1(0.07);


#include <heartRate.h>
#include <MAX30105.h>
#include <spo2_algorithm.h>


MAX30105 particleSensor;


#define MAX_BRIGHTNESS 255


uint32_t irBuffer[100]; //infrared LED sensor data
uint32_t redBuffer[100];  //red LED sensor data


int32_t bufferLength; //data length
int32_t spo2; //SPO2 value
int8_t validSPO2; //indicator to show if the SPO2 calculation is valid
int32_t heartRate; //heart rate value
int8_t validHeartRate; //indicator to show if the heart rate calculation is valid


float temperature;
float filtered1;
float filtered2;


int32_t finger; //finger presence


byte pulseLED = 13; //Must be on PWM pin
byte readLED = 9; //Blinks with each data read


void setup() {
  // Initialize serial and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  // This delay gives the chance to wait for a Serial Monitor without blocking if none is found
  delay(5000); 
  
  pinMode(pulseLED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(readLED, OUTPUT);
  
  // Defined in thingProperties.h
  initProperties();


  // Connect to Arduino IoT Cloud
  ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection);
  
  /*
     The following function allows you to obtain more information
     related to the state of network and IoT Cloud connection and errors
     the higher number the more granular information you’ll get.
     The default is 0 (only errors).
     Maximum is 4
 */
  setDebugMessageLevel(2);
  ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo();
  
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


  // Initialize sensor
  if (!particleSensor.begin(Wire, I2C_SPEED_FAST)) //Use default I2C port, 400kHz speed
  {
    Serial.println(F("MAX30105 was not found. Please check wiring/power."));
    while (1);
  }


  //confiure MAX30102
  byte ledBrightness = 47; //Options: 0=Off to 255=50mA
  byte sampleAverage = 4; //Options: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
  byte ledMode = 2; //Options: 1 = Red only, 2 = Red + IR, 3 = Red + IR + Green
  byte sampleRate = 100; //Options: 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000, 1600, 3200
  int pulseWidth = 411; //Options: 69, 118, 215, 411
  int adcRange = 4096; //Options: 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384
  
  particleSensor.setup(ledBrightness, sampleAverage, ledMode, sampleRate, pulseWidth, adcRange); //Configure sensor with these settings
  
  particleSensor.enableDIETEMPRDY(); //Enable the temp ready interrupt. This is required.
}


void loop() {
  
bufferLength = 100; //buffer length of 100 stores 4 seconds of samples running at 25sps


  //read the first 100 samples, and determine the signal range
  for (byte i = 0 ; i < bufferLength ; i++)
  {
    while (particleSensor.available() == false) //do we have new data?
      particleSensor.check(); //Check the sensor for new data


    redBuffer[i] = particleSensor.getRed();
    irBuffer[i] = particleSensor.getIR();
    particleSensor.nextSample(); //We're finished with this sample so move to next sample


    Serial.print(F("red="));
    Serial.print(redBuffer[i], DEC);
    Serial.print(F(", ir="));
    Serial.println(irBuffer[i], DEC);
  }


  //calculate heart rate and SpO2 after first 50 samples (first 2 seconds of samples)
  maxim_heart_rate_and_oxygen_saturation(irBuffer, bufferLength, redBuffer, &spo2, &validSPO2, &heartRate, &validHeartRate);
  heartRate = heartRate / 2;
  
  //Continuously taking samples from MAX30102.  Heart rate and SpO2 are calculated every 1 second
  while (1)
  {
    //dumping the first 25 sets of samples in the memory and shift the last 75 sets of samples to the top
    for (byte i = 25; i < 100; i++)
    {
      redBuffer[i - 25] = redBuffer[i];
      irBuffer[i - 25] = irBuffer[i];
    }
    
    //take 25 sets of samples before calculating the heart rate.
    for (byte i = 75; i < 100; i++)
    {
      while (particleSensor.available() == false) //do we have new data?
        particleSensor.check(); //Check the sensor for new data


      digitalWrite(readLED, !digitalRead(readLED)); //Blink onboard LED with every data read


      redBuffer[i] = particleSensor.getRed();
      irBuffer[i] = particleSensor.getIR();
      finger = (finger + irBuffer[i]) / 2;
      
      particleSensor.nextSample(); //We're finished with this sample so move to next sample


      //send samples and calculation result to terminal program through UART
      Serial.print(F("RED= "));
      Serial.print(redBuffer[i], DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');
      
      Serial.print(F("IR= "));
      Serial.print(irBuffer[i], DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');


      Serial.print(F("HR= "));
      Serial.print(heartRate, DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');


      filtered1 = adcFilter1.filter(irBuffer[i]);
      filtered2 = adcFilter2.filter(filtered1);


      Serial.print(F("filtered1= "));
      Serial.print(filtered1);
      Serial.print('\t');
      
      Serial.print(F("filtered2= "));
      Serial.print(filtered2);
      Serial.print('\t');


      Serial.print(F("SPO2= "));
      Serial.print(spo2, DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');
      
      temperature = particleSensor.readTemperature();
      Serial.print(F("temperatureC= "));
      Serial.println(temperature, 4);
    }


    //After gathering 15 new samples recalculate HR and SP02
    maxim_heart_rate_and_oxygen_saturation(irBuffer, bufferLength, redBuffer, &spo2, &validSPO2, &heartRate, &validHeartRate);


    heartRate = heartRate * 0.5;
    if(finger < 70000 or validSPO2 < 1 or validHeartRate < 1)
    {
      placeFinger = 0;
      HR = 0;
      oxi = 0;
    }
    else
    {
      placeFinger = 1;
      HR = heartRate;
      oxi = spo2;
    }
    TEMP = temperature;
    RESP = filtered2;


    digitalWrite(readLED, 1);
    ArduinoCloud.update();
    digitalWrite(readLED, 0);
  }
   
}

Module03 -

Data is sent to Arduino IOT Cloud by both Module 01 and Module 02 simultaneously.

     Related Blogs:

    Arduino IOT Cloud

Experimental Setup:

Update:   

I could not get chance to post some updates of the project. Having a busy time, can't get enough time to make a video on the final device. Hopefully, I'll post a video this week.

However,

This update [11 June] is on the android app to show the sensor data, using Blynk. The app is titled as Vital Care with two modules [Vital Care Chest and Vital Care Wrist] connected and send data simultaneously. Unfortunately the chest device needs to take sample of large amount of ADC data to apply filters and QRS detection algorithm. Sometimes, Blynk gets stuck and takes large time to communicate and ADC can't sample the higher frequency components of the ECG signal. This results into missing heart beats!! I have attached some screenshots of the App below.

App for Vital Care sensor data monitoring [using BLYNK]-

code snippets -

Module 01 - VitalCareChest: [represents the main loop part ]

Blynk.run();
  timer.run(); // Initiates BlynkTime


  if(digitalRead(LO_LA) || digitalRead(LO_RA)){
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
     LEADstatus = 255;
     Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, LEADstatus);
    Serial.println("LEADoff");
  }
  else{
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN,LOW);
  LEADstatus = 0;
  Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, LEADstatus);
  }
  
  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < samples; i++)
  {
    input = analogRead(ECGOUT);
    
    float filtered1 = adcFilter1.filter(input);
    float filtered2 = filtersRT.highpass(filtered1);
    
    float derivative = filtered2 - input0;
    input0 = filtered2;
    float square = sq(derivative);
    float beats = adcFilter2.filter(square);


    if (beats > 40 && QRSstart == 0){
      QRSstart = 1;
      starttime = millis();
      beats0 = beats;
    }
    if (beats > 40 && QRSstart == 1 && beats > beats0){
      beats0 = beats;
      Rtime = millis();
    }
    if (beats < 40 && QRSstart == 1){
      QRSstart = 0;
      stoptime = millis();
      if (stoptime - starttime > 40){
        beatrate = 60000 / (Rtime - R0time);
        R0time = Rtime;
        //resp = beats0 / 2; 
        resp = beats0;
        
        if (resp > 2000 || resp < 0){
          resp = resp0;
          }
        if (beatrate > 200 || beatrate < 0){
          beatrate = beatrate0;
          }
        Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, resp);
        Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, beatrate);
        
       }
    }
  count++;
   if (count > 7){
  Serial.print(input);
     Serial.print(",");
   Serial.print(beatrate);
     Serial.print(",");
     Serial.print(filtered2);
     Serial.println(); 
     count = 0;}
    
  }

Module 02 - VitalCareWrist: [represents the main loop part ]

Blynk.run();
  timer.run(); // Initiates BlynkTime


//dumping the first 25 sets of samples in the memory and shift the last 15 sets of samples to the top
    for (byte i = 25; i < 100; i++)
    {
      redBuffer[i - 25] = redBuffer[i];
      irBuffer[i - 25] = irBuffer[i];
    }
    
    //take 25 sets of samples before calculating the heart rate.
    for (byte i = 75; i < 100; i++)
    {
      while (particleSensor.available() == false) //do we have new data?
        particleSensor.check(); //Check the sensor for new data


      digitalWrite(readLED, !digitalRead(readLED)); //Blink onboard LED with every data read


      redBuffer[i] = particleSensor.getRed();
      irBuffer[i] = particleSensor.getIR();
      finger = (finger + irBuffer[i]) / 2;
      
      particleSensor.nextSample(); //We're finished with this sample so move to next sample


      //send samples and calculation result to terminal program through UART
      Serial.print(F("RED= "));
      Serial.print(redBuffer[i], DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');
      
      Serial.print(F("IR= "));
      Serial.print(irBuffer[i], DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');


      Serial.print(F("HR= "));
      Serial.print(heartRate, DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');


      filtered1 = adcFilter1.filter(irBuffer[i]);
      filtered2 = adcFilter2.filter(filtered1);


      Serial.print(F("filtered1= "));
      Serial.print(filtered1);
      Serial.print('\t');
      
      Serial.print(F("filtered2= "));
      Serial.print(filtered2);
      Serial.print('\t');


      //Serial.print(F(", HRvalid="));
      //Serial.print(validHeartRate, DEC);


      Serial.print(F("SPO2= "));
      Serial.print(spo2, DEC);
      Serial.print('\t');
      
      //Serial.print(F(", SPO2Valid="));
      //Serial.print(validSPO2, DEC);
      
      temperature = particleSensor.readTemperature();
      Serial.print(F("temperatureC= "));
      Serial.println(temperature, 4);
    }


    //After gathering 25 new samples recalculate HR and SP02
    maxim_heart_rate_and_oxygen_saturation(irBuffer, bufferLength, redBuffer, &spo2, &validSPO2, &heartRate, &validHeartRate);


    heartRate = heartRate * 0.5;
    if(finger < 70000 or validSPO2 < 1 or validHeartRate < 1)
    {
      finger = 255;
      spo2 = spo2_previous;
    }
    else
    {
      finger = 0;
      spo2_previous = spo2;
      //RESP = filtered2;
    }

Output-

Recorded screen  [Gif- 5fps] is shared below. At one point I removed the ECG electrode jack and the app showed LED OFF. It again comes to normal operation when the jack is plugged in again. During period the device was disconnected for a few seconds and the at the end two missing beats are observed due to the latency of the communication between app and device.

Final Setup [Module 01 - chest belt]:

Final Setup [Module 02 - wrist]: