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Member's Forum Is anyone interested with the Z80?
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  • z80
Related

Is anyone interested with the Z80?

COMPACT
COMPACT over 9 years ago

The Z80 is still manufactured today and I was wondering whether there is any interest for a community or discussion group.

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  • Workshopshed
    Workshopshed over 9 years ago in reply to COMPACT +9
    Here's some of the books I learnt about Z80 from, I donated them to the Cambridge computer history museum last year.
  • Former Member
    Former Member over 9 years ago +6
    This is the circuit I made boards for sometime back to get people playing with them:
  • gdstew
    gdstew over 8 years ago in reply to COMPACT +6
    I worked at Mostek maintaining the Fairchild Sentry testers used to test the Z80s when they first began to manufacturer them. The second computer I every built (parts, pcb, solder) was the SDB-80 which…
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  • COMPACT
    COMPACT over 8 years ago

    Did you know that the Z80 has different memory access timings for instruction fetches and standard memory accesses?

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  • gdstew
    gdstew over 8 years ago in reply to COMPACT

    I worked at Mostek maintaining the Fairchild Sentry testers used to test the Z80s when they first began to manufacturer them. The second computer I every

    built (parts, pcb, solder) was the SDB-80 which was the Mostek Software Development Board for the Z80 with 16K bytes (8 - MK4116 16K bit) dynamic RAMs

    which Mostek also made. The first wire wrap board I ever made was a 48K byte dynamic RAM board also using MK4116s that worked with the SDB-80. I can

    tell you there were a bunch of happy technicians when we were told that Mostek would be second sourcing the Z-80 and even happier when we were told we

    could buy SDB-80 kits and build them ourselves! Those were really fun days. I still have a Zilog Z80 in a ceramic package that says it was manufactured in

    Dallas even though Mostek was actually in Carrollton a suburb in Dallas County just north of north-west Dallas.

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  • shabaz
    shabaz over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Hi Ray,

     

    At around that time, a lot of the handheld devices were getting powerful, so the ultimate decision to use that instead of any other device may have been simply because it was what someone was experienced in.

    From the very little production/shop floor experience I have, it was interesting (at the places I worked) to see that the tools used in production were different to what the rest of the organisation were using. In other words, different CAD tools, different procedures, and different hardware. I'm not saying it is ropey, but a lot of stuff is designed to be one-off or very low quantity production.

     

    Regarding the suggestion of Z80 origins made to look like a non-Z80 device, I've no idea. Certainly it won't execute Z80 software without modification and assembly with a different assembler.

    Many processors at the time were similar, from a birds-eye view. Even the different processor designs that soon emerged like RISC and SPARC still have instruction sets and registers, and buses.

    There was historically plenty of anti-Japanese tech sentiment in the 1980's, when many people thought that Japanese firms were copying or stealing ideas. That idea still exists today. It's unfounded, and likely no more than western firms stealing western ideas from each other. Perhaps that sentiment inspired the suggestion that it looks similar to the Z80 I cannot tell, since I don't know where and when that suggestion originated. The Japanese government encouraged firms to buy rights to patented tech, that was a major policy at the time.

     

    Depending how keen you are to research down that road, there are some books worth reading, they mention names of people who would know better than speculation, of which unfortunately there is a lot of on the Internet. The first is We Were Burning, and the second is Industrial Innovation in Japan. The first is an easier book to read. According to that, Sharp was extremely quick off the block developing calculators, and amongst the first to productize (not invent) CMOS, so it's quite natural they would either license a Z80 design, or design their own chip. Neither of which would be good reasons to fake instruction names to look like a different processor.

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to COMPACT

    Hi COMPACT,

     

    Sorry for my late response.

    Thanks for your friendly reply, and for sharing your broad knowledge to fill-in some of the white spots in mine.

     

    Further to the Nestlé project (and risking being thrown out by the moderator on account of wandering too much off topic ...): the 'poor'

    PC-1500A had to communicate with 68000 processors in the Swiss units. When the info required to tackel this problem didn't come in time

    to meet the project deadline, I decided to try and overcome the speed differences ... in BASIC (call me crazy). The only solution to get around

    a formal handshake was applying probability calculation. It worked fine and reliable.

     

    Reading the history of the Z80, it seems safe tot conclude that Sharp must have been (one of) the very first (1980/81) to produce a CMOS

    derivative (?) with many on-chip extras. Just out of curiosity I've once tested the PC-1500A for power consumption (keep in mind that there

    was also an I/O controller on board, the LH-5811). Battery life was specified as 300 hrs, i.e. with the usual unrealistic operational limitations.

    So after a fortnight of continously running an endlessly repeated program with heavy duty calculations, that made as much use as possible

    of display functions, and most of all of the BEEP option, I expected to find my PC-1500A 'dying'. But after more than 3 weeks only the LCD

    contrast showed some signs of a nearing 'low battery' condition. Unfortunately I had to abort the experiment, simply because I needed the

    pocket computer for my programming work.

     

    The first assembler, as far as I know, was made by Rasso von Schlichtegroll, fairly soon after the PC-1500's introduction; later he developped

    a successful line of system programs and tools under the RvS brand, eventually commercialized by the Holtkötter publishing firm.

    Jumping to the present, recently produced emulators may be the best way to keep the PC-1500(A) alive (and leave curious young users

    in awe). As to the limited storing capacity of RAM chips in those days: the LH-5811 has a direct adressing capability of 64 kB - nothing fancy;

    but because of the PU and PV flipflop registers, the full addressing range was 512 kB. And would you believe it: in the early eighties a small

    third party company, AMS in Germany on the Danish border, managed to pack this huge amount of storage inside the pocket computer !

    I'm not sure if/how his maybe conflicted with an eventual RAM module in the bay for external memory ... Later they had their Gold Card

    produced in Taiwan for the top models in Sharp's organizer line: 256 kB, while Sharp was still fiddling with 32/64 kB.

     

    Didn't know the TI-84 was Z80-based; always wanted to have one, never got around to it ... The origin of my interest stems from the late

    seventies, and was thus calculator-oriented. I could go now into the old AOS vs. RPN debate, but this would be a) off-topic, and b) maybe

    not of interest to anybody in this group. Suffice it to say that It is useless to try and grasp Sharp's design concept for its pocket computers

    without taking her EL-5100 scientific calculator into account.

     

    Cheers

    Ray

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to shabaz

    Hi Shabaz,

     

    Very interesting musings about Z80 and possible 'mimicry' ... And thank you for the literature suggestions.

    I believe having gotten some idea of Sharp policy in the dozen or so years I've made a living out of their products in many applications.

    Do share your viewpoint that a lot of Japanese manufacturers of the time had more than enough innovation capability of their own, in order

    not having to rely on copying; they did however clever- and selectively enter into strategic alliances and joint ventures.

    I was appalled to learn that the company was recently taken over by Foxconn, of all the lousy manufacturers of today ...

    The Japanese goverment should be ashamed for not having done anything to prevent this - the company that produced the unique amber

    EL-displays for the Space Shuttle and where Philips had to buy all their LCD patents !

     

    Back to the good ol' eighties and Sharp policy: I still feel the only explanation that makes sense for the model number, (LH-)5801, is as follows.

    Next to their OEM production of Z80 clones - LH080, etc. - they wanted a proprietary microprocessor design for their indeed innovative line of

    pocket computers. However they did not want to isolate these products too much from the brands and models that had become well-known

    market leaders, in order to reach the broadest possible acceptance. So they devised the number 5800, with a wink to the 6800; but in order

    to prevent the impression that they would suggest to make a predecessor, or down-graded version, they made the number their own by changing

    it into 5801. Speculative ? Sure, but have I "entered into the realms of phantasy" ?

     

    There was btw a LH-5803, which was meant to emulate the 1500 in its successor, the PC-1600 in order to attain full SW-compatibility. (It didn't

    work 100% - much like my XP Pro overlay on Windows 10; this was probably also the reason for the PC-1600 being a less stable system than the trustworthy 1500).

     

    Cheers

    Ray

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Hi Shabaz,

     

    Further to the Z80 discussion in relation to the Sharp PC-1600: reading the Technical Reference Manual, answers to several questions can be

    found:  http://pockemul.com/Documents/PC1600/PC1600TechnicalReference.pdf .

    First of all, the main CPU, SC-7852, is a Z80A-clone. Second: Sharp specifies LH-5801/3 for what they call the subprocessor; so early production

    probably was equipped with the 'old' PC-1500A CPU, which was then later on replaced by an upgraded version, the LH-5803.

    After that the LH-58xx series was obviously discontinued, in favour of their SC family of micrprocessors - maybe to improve Z80(A)-compatibility.

    The best - most comprehensive yet concise - overview: https://sharppocketcomputers.com/index.htm#basic . As an aside: It is remarkable that

    after the 4-bit SC dual processor in Sharp's first pocketcomputer, the PC-121x had been succeeded by the 8-bit LHs, 4-bit SC-processors were

    used again in later models.

    Where the master-slave operation in the PC-1211 worked flawlessly, cooperation between the SC-Z80A and the LH-subprocessor more often than

    not led to system instability, up to complete crashes.

    The main disappointment with the PC-1600 however was its substandard (for Sharp at least !) LCD. Cramming this 4 times bigger display plus an

    extra full size PCB, etc. into the same case as the PC-1500 however, is of course no mean feat ...

     

    Maybe taking a glance at mnemonics and opcodes in the PC-1600 Tech Ref Manual can bring our decission nearer as to the LH-5801 was a Z80

    derivative, or not. Memory allocation of the SC-Z80 surely differs considerably from that of the LH-5801, yet addressing range is equal (512 kB),

    thanks to the flipflop registers in the LH; the SC seems having to do a lot of bank switching in large applications ...

     

    Cheers

    Ray

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  • shabaz
    shabaz over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Hi Ray,

     

    It could be derived from the Z80, I really cannot tell one way or another.

    I used the Z80 a lot in the home 8-bit computer era with plenty of machine code (I had no assembler) but I cannot recall much apart from a few instructions and op-codes that won't seem to leave the brain : )

    The embedded 8-bit stuff I encountered later was mostly Motorola based (6805 and 6811 particularly) and a few other manufacturers.

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to shabaz

    Hi Shabaz,

     

    As Appendices at the end of the 276 page PC-1600 Tech Ref Manual I found mnemonics, op-codes, and what have you of both the SC- and the

    LH-processor. Not my cup of thea, really ... But maybe someone else finds the clues, required to answer the question: was LH-5801/3 a Z80

    derivative, or not ?

    For me Chapter 7 is much more evocative, and it confirms my belief all along, that not only 'Ol Blue Eyes did everything "My Way" ...

    It is quite impressive what Sharp has integrated on-chip*, next to the processor 'core' - this goes for the Z80A derivative, as well as for the LH.

    I've called what they have packed into this pocketcomputer "no mean feat". If you look at the features, you can say that again:

    - 3 microprocessors, two 8-bit main CPUs (one emulating the PC-1500A a.o.) + one 4-bit subprocessor (I/O)

    - 3 x 36 kB ROM

    - RS-232C I/F

    - serial optical I/F, 38.4 kbaud

    - analog input (ADC)

    - automatic power off with external wake-up from peripheral

    - floppy and RAM-disk options

    - 60-pin fully programmable system/expansion bus output

    - 2 memory module slots

     

    Impressive ? Sure ! A joy to work with (as a programmer or a user) ? Not really ... And that's a shame.

    PC-1600 has never been able to replace PC-1500A in the market, possibly because it became the victim of its own over-complexity ?

    At the time (mid eighties and on) Sharp had already her organizer concept ready, later shared in the PDA concept with Apple (Newton),

    and so probably didn't care too much ... (PC-12xx, 14xx, E200, and E500 series thriving)

     

    Cheers

    Ray

    * a.o. the complete port processor, LH-5811, of PC-1500 in the SC main CPU

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Hi COMPACT,

     

    May I add another PC-1500A project story in response to your earlier interest, and present that, assuming you have also read my posts to Shabaz ?

    (It would be boring i.m.o. to tell intertwined stories to two forum members, as if they didn't read each others 'incoming' posts, wouldn't it ?)

     

    This story unfolded in the aftermath of PC-1500A's demise - ending in the permafrost of Siberia ...

    As the story hasn't anything to do per se with Z80, does it interest you, and would it be acceptable in this thread ?

     

    Would appreciate hearing from you

    Cheers

    Ray

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  • dougw
    dougw over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    You could put a link here to your own blog, or put the story here. I can't speak for everyone but either would be fine with me.

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to dougw

    As a newbie to this forum, I'm afraid I don't quite understand.

    I don't have my own blog, and was responding to an 'invitation' by COMPACT.

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  • dougw
    dougw over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    You can create your own blog on any topic just by clicking on the "Create" button at the top of the page.

    Threads like this Z80 topic just fade from view unless members keep adding anecdotes, so I think it is great to add stories directly to the thread, even if they are only peripherally related.

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  • dougw
    dougw over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    You can create your own blog on any topic just by clicking on the "Create" button at the top of the page.

    Threads like this Z80 topic just fade from view unless members keep adding anecdotes, so I think it is great to add stories directly to the thread, even if they are only peripherally related.

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to dougw

    Thanks for your explanation and friendly comment, Doug !

    I will certainly share my story in this blog, but hope you don't mind me waiting a bit for COMPACT to react ?

     

    Btw, I've always been intrigued by the Friends-Amis story in connection with Matsushita Corp., leading to the development of the HHC.

    Although based on the 6502 microprocessor, the resemblance to the design of the SHARP PC-1500 (including bay with peripheral) is

    striking. The idea behind it may have been original, but just assuming that Matsushita had no knowledge of the earlier presented SHARP

    pocket seems a case of blind faith.

    Apart from that, European companies, Olivetti and Nixdorf, should be included in stories about the history of the development from calculators

    to handhelds i.m.o.

     

    Cheers

    Ray

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Hi COMPACT and Doug,

     

    While the PC-1600 just didn't take off in the second half of the eighties, Sharp out of the blue discontinued the whole PC-1500A line. Among the

    large number of commercial users worldwide with business application programs, one company especially had a huge practical problem with that:

    Allianz, Germany's largest insurance company. They had abt. 50.000 (no typo !) PC-1500A systems for their commercial field service - now to be

    written off just like that !

    An other, very small, German company, having invested heavily in a rather unique application, decided, they could perhaps ensure continuity by

    purchasing several dozen used systems from Allianz. Thus in the aftermath of the PC-1500A era a remarkable opportunity presented itself for us

    (i.e. me and my son). Weilekes also was a father & son operation, who had devised a corrosion testing system for oil and gas pipes, to be used

    in Siberia. The PC-1500A system was choosen because of its virtual indestructability and reliability in harsh environments. If anything, the mate

    to the pocket computer - in fact a tiny 4-color plotter with system I/F - had to be overhauled meticulously. And that's where we came in.

    My son (15 at the time) had already done so with several of these cigarette-pack size little gems*. Next the NiCad pack had to be exchanged for

    a 'real' Sanyo (ask any model 'copter builder !). PC-1500A got a new keyboard switch mat, and any worn-out keys were replaced**. Refurbishing

    further included all connectors, scratched LCD windows - sometimes complete cases were replaced.

    Together with the Weilekes custom unit, the pocket computer + plotter were built into a special sort of cradle that the user wore like a candy seller

    in a movie theatre; except this one had to shield the equipment from Siberian climate ... Sensors connected to the cradle were used for the actual

    measurements. I believe these were basically resistance measurements - not surprisingly, taking into account the prominent position of German

    developpers in skin resistance measuring medical devices.

    What puzzles me now (was'nt aware of this then): both the former Soviet Union, and Hungary produced their own PC-1500A clone at the time;

    wasn't Gazprom aware, or didn't they care ...?

     

    Cheers

    Ray

    *of the Japanese ALPS brand, these days famous a.o. for its high-end audio-grade potentiometers

    **Sharp spare part sets with only the [SPACE] and [ENTER] keys came in very handy indeed

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  • COMPACT
    COMPACT over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    I like your posts. They're fascinating!!

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  • Andrew J
    Andrew J over 6 years ago in reply to COMPACT

    I wholly agree!

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Thank you, COMPACT and Andrew Johnson !

    Think I'm just privileged, having lived (better still: mostly had my youth in) the era of:

    - the birth of the micropocessor

    - the development from calculators into hand-held computers

    - the 'transistorizing' of electronics

    - the chip revolution leading to "zero cost electronics" (Scientific American, 1975), and ultimately to hand-held communication devices

    - the development of LCD and similar display technology

    and so on ...

    It all began when awed by a self-built X-tal receiver, while visiting a cousin - almost mystically fascinating !

    Not only did I blend together one myself shortly after, but also began reading books on radio history from the school library (which didn't have

    anything DIY). And I got pretty jealous of inquisitive people like myself, who had been lucky enough to live during the age of say Heinrich Hertz,

    Marconi, and the like (unfortunately I discovered Tesla much later). So obviously, some people just cannot be pleased enough ... !

     

    Cheers

    Ray

    P.S.: the excitement of listening to your self-built X-tal receiver is similar to watching your first program do what you envisioned;

            in both cases, "you'll always remember your first time" ...

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Come to think of it: I've also been privileged to live in the era of:

    - the dawn of music registration on vinyl

    - the transition (soon after) from mono to stereo

    - transistors displacing vacuum tubes (while becoming a swiftly expanding family)

    - the invasion of digital technology in the art of music registration and reproduction, culminating in the CD, but :

    x NO, don't feel privileged, having to witness music quality being slaughtered by ease-of-use driven technology,

       like MP3, streaming, and what have you ? (Microsoft 'eliminated' prof. Johnsons's HDCD, the best digital format ever).

     

    So, I feel privileged, being able to enjoy in the same lifetime:

    - the unsurpassed vibrancy of shellac disc mechanical replay with horn reproduction (thank you Canned Heat for pointing that out, back stage !)

    - the reappreciation of mono recordings and revival of mono music reproduction (even newly developed vinyl cartridges)

    - the vacuum tube revival (thanks mainly to Russia, China, and Eastern Europe - with NOS running out)

    - the reappreciation of pure Red Book, but moreover of analog audio in all its forms.

     

    How come ?

    Organizers gradually took over the pocket computer market, but mid nineties my son helped me realize, there was an end to this.

    His expertise (my former hobby) was (still is) high quality audio. So we decided to start our own import company - later developping

    proprietary products.

    What's the point in all of this ?

    In one word: digital ! While digital control of equipment functions is only remotely (pun intended) interesting, we focussed on DSP,

    digital signal processing. At first I was somewhat puzzled by the notion of losses in file conversion and transition - never encountered

    such problems while processing data files on a computer !  Admittedly, it took me some time to figure out the cause.

     

    Anyway, let me end this 'chapter' with a cliff-hanging anecdote:

    After we were asked frequently by the public, why we did not demonstrate with digital equipment at an audio show, we got tired of lengthy

    answers, followed by ditto discussions. So we devised a 'cunning plan': a large poster of the Mona Lisa was fed through a shredder, which

    we stopped just before the end was reached (if this seems familiar to you, having followed the news lately: we were fisrt !). Next we 'repaired'

    the poster with transparent 'magic tape'; then with a felt pen we wrote under the picture: "NICE, ISN'T IT: DIGITAL ?". Problem solved ...

     

    Cheers

    Ray

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  • clem57
    clem57 over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    Reading this reminds me of how old I am. Even dirt seems young these days.

    Clem

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to clem57

    Hi Clem (if that's alright with you ?),

     

    Don't despair, I've become a 'grumpy old man' myself lately sometimes -:).

    (My wife was born in the middle of WW II, glad I missed that period - if only just).

    But writing about my experiences gives me the idea that it isn't all over, and of no use to anybody any more.

    If I can fill in some white spots in other members' memories and/or knowledge, like they have done in mine,

    that would make it worth my while (like they said in the old days). Just keeping readers amused is OK too, btw.

     

    I had to stop my electronics experiments a few years ago because of deteriorating eyesight. SPICE for me is no alternative, as I believe it can not

    reliably simulate a real novelty circuit. After all it stands to reason that you can't get out what has not been put in, can you ?

    So the only thing left for me to do is devising new circuits ... mentally, and hoping I can get someone interested enough to put my ideas to the test.

    Also rewarding is acting as a kind of sparring partner for my son, when he is figuring out, how to improve on existing vinyl cartridge cantilever

    design e.g..

     

    Hope I haven't annoyed you.

    Cheers

    Ray

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  • COMPACT
    COMPACT over 6 years ago in reply to raylec

    As for degrading eyesight I'm reliant upon my bench binocular microscope just to solder 1960's tech like DIP ICs and through hole.

    My spare parts are so old that I have to remove the unwanted oxide layer from them (just like my brain).

     

    I don't like too much SPICE in my food.

     

    Analog turntables - Don't get me started!  The analog signal is distorted prior to recording so it can be reverse distorted for playback to support the RIAA equalisation.

    And also seem to also ignore other distortion influences such as wow and flutter, stylus/cartridge momentum and contact friction variations

     

    Like oscilloscopes, sound should be sampled at about 5x or more than the desired maximum bandwidth.

    And how does one get a speaker to playback perfect square waves?

     

    All of this gives me the "jitters!"

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  • raylec
    raylec over 6 years ago in reply to Andrew J

    Hi Andrew,

     

    Reading your profile, several thoughts spring to mind:

     

    - seems like a wonderfulfilling (language economy) job/passtime - educating people, in order to enrich nowdays' ict with an intriguing past

    - visiting my wife's family in Canada years ago, we went to the Toronto Science Museum - I had the time of my life !

    - your level denominator goes, well ... lovely with your 'job' -:)  Women's role in technology is grossly underrated, and almost neglected

      (ENIAC, NASA, etc).

     

    Cheers

    Ray

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