This will be used for controlling the bot over the internet. It will allow the farmer to get all the monitoring data while still being away from the farm.

The board's main processor is a low power Arm Cortex-M0 32-bit SAMD21.

The WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity is performed with a module from u-blox, the NINA-W10, a low power chipset operating in the 2.4GHz range.

On top of those, secure communication is ensured through the Microchip ECC608 crypto chip.

Besides that, you can find a 6 axis IMU, what makes this board perfect for simple vibration alarm systems, pedometers, relative positioning of robots, etc

2. Ultrasonic Sensor(HC-SR04)

This is a sensor used to detect distance. We will use this to allow our bot to move across the farm. Also we will use these to accurately measure the level of water and pesticide in the container. We will require 3 of these.

This is the HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor. This economical sensor provides 2cm to 400cm of non-contact measurement functionality with a ranging accuracy that can reach up to 3mm. Each HC-SR04 module includes an ultrasonic transmitter, a receiver and a control circuit.

There are only four pins that you need to worry about on the HC-SR04: VCC (Power), Trig (Trigger), Echo (Receive), and GND (Ground).

3. L293D IC

We will use this to control the motors of our bot. We will require 1 to control the motors of the wheels and 1 for the pumps.

The L293D is a popular 16-Pin Motor Driver IC. As the name suggests it is mainly used to drive motors. A single L293D IC is capable of running two DC motors at the same time; also the direction of these two motors can be controlled independently.

4. Light Dependent Resistor(LDR)

We will use this to estimate the intensity of sunlight in the farm. This can be used by the farmer to study sunlight in his/her farm and depending on that plan the cropping pattern.

A photoresistor or light dependent resistor is an electronic component that is sensitive to light. When light falls upon it, then the resistance changes.

5. DHT 11

This will be used for our monitoring system. It will let the farmer know about the environmental conditions of the farm continuously.

The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor. The sensor comes with a dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of temperature and humidity as serial data. The sensor is also factory calibrated and hence easy to interface with other microcontrollers.

The sensor can measure temperature from 0°C to 50°C and humidity from 20% to 90% with an accuracy of ±1°C and ±1%.

6. Soil Sensor

We will use this sensor to detect the humidity of the soil. This will be used to automatically water the crops. This can also help the farmer collect data about the farm conditions.

The sensor includes a potentiometer to set the desired moisture threshold. When the sensor measures more moisture than the set threshold, the digital output goes high and an LED indicates the output. When the moisture in the soil is less thatn the set threshold, the output remains low. The digital output can be connected to a micro controller to sense the moisture level. The sensor also outputs an analog output which can be connected to the ADC of a micro controller to get the exact moisture level in the soild.

7. DC Motors

These motors are for the movement of the bot around the field. We would need 2 of these.

These motors are simple DC Motors featuring gears for the shaft for obtaining the optimal performance characteristics. They are known as Center Shaft DC Geared Motors because their shaft extends through the center of their gear box assembly.

This DC Motor – 100RPM – 9Volts can be used in all-terrain robots and a variety of robotic applications. These motors have a 3 mm threaded drill hole in the middle of the shaft thus making it simple to connect it to the wheels or any other mechanical assembly.